MULTIDIMENSIONAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

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Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 1109-1116

DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.352 1109

M

ULTIDIMENSIONAL

E

FFECTS OF

E

XERCISE

I

NTERVENTION ON

M

ENTAL

H

EALTH OF

C

OLLEGE

S

TUDENTS

Feng Gao

Abstract

Sports therapy is increasingly popular in colleges around the world, but the effect of exercise intervention is not yet clear. This paper analyses the relationship between basketball intervention and the mental health of college students. First, 200 freshmen from a local university were selected to receive our plan of basketball intervention, which covers such three aspects as physiology, action and environment. Then, the subjects were subjected to a psychological test. Based on the test results, the author analysed how the intervention plan influences the self-control, mental pressure and physical-mental health of the students. The results show that our plan successfully improved the abilities of the college students to control themselves, resist temptation and concentrate on learning, and also enhanced the social ability of these students. The research results greatly promote the development of mental health of college students and the application of sports therapy.

Key words: Basketball Intervention, College Students' Mental Health, Multidimensional,

Self-Regulation, Social Ability.

Received: 11-03-19 | Accepted: 15-09-19

INTRODUCTION

College students are the future of the country and family, and the main builders of the future social development. The mental health of college students is the focus of attention of society and universities. Good mental health is the cornerstone of College Students' further development, and it is also the guarantee for college students to complete their related studies smoothly (Hashimoto, Kato, Tanabe et al., 2017). However, with the advent of the information age and the improvement of social consumption level, college students' groups are facing such pressures as social pressure, academic pressure, interpersonal pressure, employment pressure and life pressure. Long-term repeated psychological pressure makes college students prone to various negative psychological reactions, and even causes serious

Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China. E-Mail: [email protected]

problems. Widespread mental illness seriously affects and restricts the healthy development of College Students' body and research and implementation of benign, mind (Vereenooghe, Flynn, Hastings et al., 2018; Burns, Crawford, Hallett et al., 2017; Wozney, Olthuis, Lingley-Pottie et al., 2017; Maras, Doimo, Altinier et al., 2017; Godoy-Izquierdo, Guevara, Toral et al., 2017). Therefore, the reasonable and efficient mental health interventions for college students is very important and meaningful.

In order to solve and treat college students' mental health problems and make college students deal with social pressure reasonably and properly, a large number of research institutions and psychologists have carried out analysis and Research on them and put forward corresponding interventional treatment programs. Sports intervention therapy is very prominent in many treatment schemes. Research shows that sports can help improve the nerve immune system, improve the body's ability to resist and reflect, and it can eliminate psychological barriers and maintain physical and mental health (Janssen, Jerome, Dalcin

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et al., 2017; Cheng, Huang, Lin et al., 2018; Zhao, Munro-Kramer, Shi et al., 2017). Specific details of the corresponding research are as follows: Chinese scholars (Howe, Batchelor, & Coates, 2017) have systematically studied and analyzed the relationship between sports intervention therapy and psychological stress of College students, which holds that college students' mental health is proportional to the frequency of sports; American scholars (Rosenblum, Muzik, Morelen et al., 2017; Grøn, Dalsgaard, Ribe et al., 2018) have proposed sports forging based on the relationship between College Students' mental health and sports. Exercise has greatly improved the physiological mechanism of College Students' psychological stress, which is realized by individual cortisol. British scholars and relevant research institutes (Erickson, Kwan, Gelberg et al., 2017; Bai, Liu, Baladon et al., 2018; Höchsmann, Walz, Schäfer et al., 2017; Derajew, Tolessa, Feyissa et al., 2017) have conducted prospective research experiments based on a group of College students, and the results show that physical exercise often improves college students' psychological stress. Compared with the previous improvement, the health belief level of university students in the intervention therapy of education is more obvious, which shows that long-term and reasonable physical exercise can improve the health belief level of university students to a certain extent. In the relationship between health level and psychological stress, American scholars and relevant research institutions (Bhattarai, Maneewat, & Sae-Sia, 2018; Makizako, Tsutsumimoto, Doi et al., 2015) have done the corresponding research. Experiments show that social stress has a direct predictive effect on health beliefs, which can lead to a large number of mental illnesses. Sports intervention therapy can alleviate the corresponding social pressure to a certain extent and achieve psychological adjustment.

In order to solve the mental health problems of College students, so that college students can actively cope with social pressure, properly handle, so as to achieve the healthy growth and development of body and mind, this paper based on basketball intervention therapy as the main means to study and analyze the mental health of College students. In the course of the study, basketball intervention program was carried out from three aspects of physiology, action and environment. The multi-dimensional impact of basketball intervention program on College Students' mental health was studied and analyzed, so as to provide evidence for clarifying the relationship between basketball and college students' mental health level. In the course

of the research, this paper adopts the methods of literature, experiment and mathematical statistics. The experimental carrier is selected as 200 freshmen from a local university. The experimental results show that the basketball intervention treatment program proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in the ability to maintain self-control and regulation, resist temptation and control, and the ability to concentrate on learning. At the same time, the social ability of college students in the experimental group is significantly better than that before the experiment.

The main chapters of this paper are arranged as follows:

The second section will mainly analyze the relationship between basketball and college students' mental health, and specifically analyze the relationship and influence between basketball and college students' self-regulation ability, psychological pressure and physical and mental health, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the related experimental research in the third section.

The third section will carry out experimental research, mainly for the basketball intervention therapy and college students' self-regulation ability, psychological stress and physical and mental health of the relationship and impact of the validation experiment. At the same time, the third section will analyze and discuss the experimental results.

The fourth section is the summary of this paper.

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON THE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASKETBALL AND

COLLEGE STUDENTS'MENTAL HEALTH

This section will mainly analyze the relationship between basketball and college students' mental health. Specifically, it will analyze the relationship and influence between basketball and college students' self-regulation ability, psychological pressure and physical and mental health, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the related experimental research in section III.

The relationship between basketball and college students' self-regulation ability

As an important part of College Students' mental health, self-control is composed of multi-level and multi-dimensional psychological activities. The main dimension structure is control and elasticity. The corresponding control mainly refers to the threshold of individual impulse and behavior expression, while elasticity refers to the level of dynamic adjustment

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MULTIDIMENSIONAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS 1111

Conventional self-control judgment can be divided into three levels: interpersonal self-control, individual self-control and self-evaluation. The structure of the corresponding self-control ability in college students is different because of their environment and the particularity of the group. It mainly includes: the tendency of self-control mainly involves goals, plans and corresponding activities; the self-control strategy mainly includes anti-interference ability, emotional control ability and environmental control. Ability and sense of control. The self-regulation factors reflected in college students' coping with practical problems and psychological difficulties can be divided into six levels as follows: awakening, planning, execution, evaluation, motivation and self-correction.

Self-control ability has certain plasticity. Good self-control ability is conducive to the formation of healthy and stable psychology of College students. It plays a key role in college students' pursuit of success, happy life and the prevention and control of adverse psychological diseases.

Figure 1 shows the model of College Students' self-control ability and its relationship with basketball. On the relationship between basketball and college students' self-regulation ability, through consulting a large number of documents and materials, it shows that long-term effective and reasonable basketball is conducive to improving students' self-restraint ability, and at the same time can improve students' self-control ability.

Figure 1

.

College students' self-control

structure

and

its

relationship

with

basketball

self-awarene

ss

Self-planning _executionSelf- _assessmentSelf- _motivationSelf- _correction Self-Self-control

tendencies mainly involve goals

Anti-jamming ability

Quality

Assurance A sense of control

Self-awakening

ability Emotion Control Ability

Environmental Control Capability Network Data Management

Ideological aspects Action level Reflective level

Details

Cross-cutting factors

Psychological Self-regulation Structure of College Students

The relation between basketball and college students' psychological stress

Psychological stress mainly refers to the psychological feeling caused by internal or external factors, which has a certain impact on the body and

psychology. It mainly affects psychology and physiology through cognitive, coping, social support, personality characteristics and other factors or mediating role. Appropriate psychological pressure is helpful to improve the efficiency of College Students' study and work, but excessive psychological pressure will seriously affect the physical and mental health of College students. There are three kinds of psychological pressure on College students: positive pressure, neutral pressure and negative pressure. Negative stress is the main factor that damages the mental health of College students. If it cannot be alleviated in time, it will lead to psychological crisis, which will lead to mental tension, restlessness and anxiety. The specific pressures are life pressure, learning pressure and anxiety. Love stress.

Through consulting a large number of documents and related materials, the research shows that sports can improve the psychological pressure of College students. Its concrete manifestation is mainly in two aspects:

(1) Basketball is an effective intervention to alleviate the psychological pressure of College students. There are also corresponding cases of other single sports such as aerobics, badminton and tennis.

(2) The combination of sports is also conducive to alleviating the psychological pressure of College students. The corresponding combination of sports includes basketball + aerobics + tennis, basketball + aerobics + psychological training and so on.

Figure 2 shows the corresponding structure chart of College Students' psychological stress. At the same time, it also shows the logical diagram of the

relationship between College Students'

psychological stress and basketball.

Figure 2

.

Psychological stress structure of

college students and its relationship with

basketball

Transporta tion Dispatchin

g System classifi

cation Main menu Main menu

Main menu Main menu

time

Unit transportat

ion cost

Unit transporta

tion cost

Unit transporta

tion cost

Unit transporta

tion cost

Psychological Stress Structure of College Students and Its Relationship with Basketball

Positive pressure Neutral pressure

Negative pressure Negative factors

time

Damage to the Psychological Health of

College Students

Mental tension and agitation

Anxiety

Life Stress, Learning Stress and Love Stress Pressure type

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The relationship between basketball and college students' physical and mental health

On the relationship between basketball and college students' physical and mental health, this paper mainly carries on the analysis and research from the sports characteristics of basketball.

There are many technical movements in basketball compared with other sports, but the difference between the corresponding movements is not big. College students are easy to confuse when they play basketball, such as hand-to-chest pass and hand-to-ground pass. These two technical movements are similar in movement and name, but they have slight differences. That is to say, two-handed ground pass requires the passer to force his fingers downward when passing, so that the ball can rebound after touching the ground and reach the waist of his teammate, while chest pass is to pass the ball directly to the chest of the opponent. Such complex classified technical movements not only need college students to remember the main points of each action in basketball, but also need to distinguish the differences of each action. Therefore, based on these exercises, students' abilities in all aspects will be greatly improved. The complexity of basketball tactics is also conducive to improving college students' observation ability, judgment ability and decision-making ability. Execution ability and adaptability can improve participants' cognitive ability and enhance their psychological quality.

Figure 3 shows the relationship between College Students' physical and mental health and basketball. A large number of documents and materials also show that basketball can not only help college students to strengthen their physical fitness, regulate their emotions and relieve the pressure of study, but also cultivate their spirit of unity and friendship, striving and enterprising. Regular basketball intervention therapy for college students is conducive to the overall development of their physical and mental health.

Figure 3

.

The relationship between College

Students' physical and mental health and

basketball

The relationship between College Students'physical and mental health and basketball

Observational ability

Judgment

Decision-making ability

Local databas e

build up a good physique and improve

one's health

Mood regulation

Alleviate the pressure of study

All-round Development

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Objects and methods of experiment

(1) Experimental subjects

The subjects selected in this paper are 200 students in five freshmen classes of a university, with 40 students in each class. At the same time, four comparative experimental classes are set up in one experimental class. All the students had no mental illness before the experiment. At the same time, they were healthy and their study life tended to be stable. In the ratio of male and female students in five classes, the coordination between the four experimental classes and the experimental classes basically achieves 1:1 ratio of male and female students.

(2) Experimental methods

In research methods, the main methods used in this paper are literature review, experimental comparison and mathematical statistics. The corresponding methods and details are shown in Figure 4.

Documentation method mainly refers to a large number of domestic and foreign theoretical basis and practical guidance on self-control, psychological stress and physical and mental health, while carefully studying and analyzing the relationship between basketball and the above-mentioned states.

Figure 4

.

Comparison of several research

methods with corresponding details

Experimental methods

Mathematical statistics mainly includes the analysis of various sub-dimensions of

College Students'self-control ability, psychological pressure and corresponding

physical and mental health.

Experimental comparison

method Refer to a large

number of domestic and

foreign theoretical and

practical guidance on

self-control, psychological

stress and physical and mental health,

and carefully study and analyze the relationship between basketball and

the above-mentioned

states.

Mathematic al Statistics

Intervention therapy of basketball with

moderate intensity for about

12 weeks was given to the undergraduates

in the experimental

class.

Literature Reference Method

The test is mainly based

on the self-control scale

of College Students'psyc

hological test and psychological quality stress

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The experimental method mainly involves the following contents:

Basketball intervention experiment: The experimental class undergraduates were given basketball intervention treatment with moderate intensity for about 12 weeks, including twice a week, each basketball game accumulated about 1 hour. Basketball intervention experiment mainly includes dribbling, passing and catching, shooting and competition. In the course of the experiment, it is necessary to monitor the heart rate and other related data in the experimental class.

Psychological test experiment: It is mainly based on the self-control scale of College Students' psychological test and the stress scale of psychological quality. The corresponding self-control scale of psychological quality includes five levels: complete non-conformity, non-conformity, uncertainty, conformity and very conformity. The corresponding psychological stress scale for college students can be divided into seven grades according to the degree of the impact of events on psychology, corresponding to the smallest, the smallest, the smaller, the medium, the larger, the larger and the largest.

Mathematical statistics mainly includes the analysis of various sub-dimensions of College Students' self-control ability, psychological pressure and corresponding physical and mental health.

Experimental result

(1) The influence and analysis of basketball on College Students' overall self-control level

Figure 5

.

Contrast curve of self-control level

of Undergraduates in experimental group

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86

time

S

e

lf

-c

o

n

tr

o

l

le

v

e

l

o

f

c

o

lle

g

e

s

tu

d

e

n

ts

(

%

)

Intervention group1 group2 group3

basketball intervention

Horizontal differences

The Contrastive Line of Basketball Intervention on the Self-control Ability of College Students

As shown in Table 1, the mean error of self-control level and corresponding labeling error of experimental class and comparative experimental class after basketball intervention are shown. From

the table, we can see that in the pre-test, mid-test and post-test data after basketball, the class of basketball intervention has more obvious advantages than the experimental class in self-control ability.

The corresponding experimental curve is shown in Figure 5. It is more obvious from the graph that the self-control level of college students before and after the experiment has improved significantly. At the same time, compared with the corresponding self-control level of the four classes in the experimental group, the self-control level of the experimental class with basketball intervention is better.

(2) The Impact and Analysis of Basketball on College Students' Psychological Stress

As shown in Table 2, the mean error of self-control level and corresponding labeling error of experimental class and comparative experimental class after basketball intervention are shown. From the table, we can see that the corresponding psychological pressure level of college students after basketball intervention is lower than that of the other four classes without sports intervention, which reflects the alleviation effect of basketball intervention on College Students' psychological pressure.

The corresponding experimental curves are shown in Figure 6. It can be seen from the diagram that compared with the corresponding psychological stress level of the four classes in the experimental group, the psychological stress level of the experimental class with basketball intervention is relatively low. This reflects from the side that basketball intervention experiment is very effective for improving students' psychological stress level.

Figure 6

.

Contrast curve of psychological

stress

level

of

Undergraduates

in

experimental group

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77 78 79 80 81 82 83

time

R

e

s

is

ta

n

c

e

t

o

t

e

m

p

ta

ti

o

n

l

e

v

e

l

(%

)

Intervention group1 group2 group3

basketball intervention

Horizontal differences

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(3) The Impact and Analysis of Basketball on College Students' Physical and Mental Health

As shown in Table 3, the mean error of physical and mental health and the corresponding labeling error of the experimental class and the comparative experimental class after basketball intervention. From the table, we can see that the corresponding college students' physical and mental health after basketball intervention, such as the ability to resist temptation, is higher than the other four classes without sports intervention, which reflects the promotion of basketball intervention on College Students' physical and mental health from the side.

Figure 7

.

Contrast curve of physical and

mental health level (anti-temptation ability)

of undergraduates in experimental group

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77.5 78 78.5 79 79.5 80 80.5 time R es is ta nc e le ve l o f co lle ge s tu de nt s to t em pt at io n (% ) Intervention group1 group2 group3 basketball intervention Horizontal differences

The corresponding experimental curve table is shown in Figure 7. From the figure, we can see that compared with the corresponding physical and mental health level (anti-temptation ability) of the four classes in the experimental group, the physical and mental health level of the experimental class with basketball intervention is higher. This reflects from the side that basketball intervention experiment is very effective for improving students' physical and mental health. Figure 8 shows the break line chart of College Students' physical and mental health in terms of social pressure under basketball intervention. From the graph, we can see that the experimental class with basketball intervention has relatively less social pressure than other classes,

which also reflects that the experimental class with basketball intervention has rapidly improved its social ability.

Figure 9 is a broken line chart of College Students' physical and mental health under basketball intervention in terms of life stress. From the figure, we can see that the experimental class with basketball intervention has less life stress than other classes, which also reflects the experimental class's ability to deal with life stress after basketball intervention. It's rising fast.

Figure 8

.

Contrast curve of physical and

mental health level (social level) of

Undergraduates in experimental group

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

75.5 76 76.5 77 77.5 78 78.5 79 79.5 80 time P s y c h o lo g ic a l s tr e s s o f c o lle g e s tu d e n ts ( % ) Intervention group1 group2 group3 basketball intervention Horizontal differences

Figure 9

.

Contrast curve of physical and

mental

health

level

(life

stress

management)

of

Undergraduates

in

experimental group

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

77.6 77.8 78 78.2 78.4 78.6 78.8 79 79.2 time P sy ch ol og ic al s tr es s of c ol le ge s tu de nt s (% ) Intervention group1 group2 group3 basketball intervention Horizontal differences

Table 1.

The influence of basketball on College Students' self-control ability

Group Time (I) Time (J) Mean difference (I-J) Standard error P

Basketball Intervention Group Post test Pretest 4.301 1.233 0.004

Contrast group 1 Post test Pretest 3.987 1.432 0.085

Contrast group 2 Post test Intermediate measurement 2.512 0.781 0.006

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Table 2.

Data sheet of the influence of basketball on College Students' psychological stress

Contrast group 4 Pretest Post test 1.778 0.680 0.011

Table 3.

Data table on the impact of basketball on college students' physical and mental health

Contrast group 4 Pretest Post test 1.708 0.480 0.001

CONCLUSIONS

College students' mental health is an important link in the process of students' growth, which affects all aspects of college students' life, learning and interpersonal communication. However, with the increasing social pressure, the mental health problems of college students are becoming increasingly prominent. This paper makes a thorough analysis and Discussion on the above problems. At the same time, based on basketball as the main means of treating college students' mental health problems, this paper analyses the relationship between College Students' self-regulation ability, psychological pressure, physical and mental health and basketball. Based on this, starting from the theoretical basis of sports and psychology, this paper takes college students as the main research object to explore the impact of basketball intervention on College Students' mental health. In this paper, basketball intervention program is carried out from three aspects of physiology, action and environment in the research process, and the multi-dimensional impact of basketball intervention program on College Students' mental health is studied and analyzed, so as to provide evidence for clarifying the relationship between basketball and college students' mental health level. In the course of the research, this paper adopts the methods of literature, experiment and mathematical statistics. The experimental carrier is selected as 200 freshmen from a local university. The experimental results show that the basketball intervention treatment program proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in the ability to maintain self-control and regulation, resist temptation and control, and the ability to

concentrate on learning. At the same time, the social ability of college students in the experimental group is significantly better than that before the experiment.

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