Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 743-749
DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.305 743
INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF IDEOLOGICAL AND P
OLITICAL EDUCATION
ON BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS
Hong Zhang
Abstract
Ideological and political (I&P) education offers a good intervention measure for the mental health of college students. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, this paper explores the influence mechanism of the I&P education on the behavior consciousness of college students. The research data were collected from a follow-up survey on college students intervened by the I&P education, and subjected to statistical analysis. The results show that the fulfillment of high-value psychological needs brings a high degree of psychological satisfaction, resulting in positive psychological state and behavior pattern of college students; the positive behavior is the result of the interaction between the positive I&P education environment and the positive or negative psychological model; the I&P education can promote the positive ideology and psychological cognition, thus motivate high-value psychological needs; the positive I&P education intervention greatly improves the psychological state and ideology of college students. This research provides a good reference for the mental health education in colleges.
Key words: Ideological and Political (I&P) Education, Psychological State, Hierarchy of Needs, Behavior Consciousness, College Students.
Received: 12-03-19 | Accepted: 25-09-19
INTRODUCTION
The aim of ideological and political (I&P) education in colleges and universities is to guide college students to construct active and positive psychological state and establish scientific consciousness of three outlooks, namely, outlooks of world, life and values, so as to guide their behaviors (Xu & Yang, 2009). The I&P education of college students runs through all aspects of education and teaching in colleges
and universities, so it’s critical to pay attention
to the education and training of political education, moral education and law and discipline education, in a bid to train active and positive socialist builders and successors and provide high-quality personnel for the overall development of the country (Lester, Hvezda,
Henan Institute of Technology, Huaiyang 453003, China. E-Mail: [email protected]
Sullivan et al. 1983).
With the development of social economy and the change of cultural environment, college students' cognition of the world is no longer limited to writing, and with the development of Internet, big data and intelligent technology in the objective world, college students can freely select the knowledge and information they need at any time and place with a convenient smartphone (Holschneider & Alexander, 2003). Thanks to the convenience of information acquisition in the objective world, college students' life learning habits, mode of thinking, mode of behaviors and three outlooks (outlook on life, values and world) have changed significantly (Matsunagaudagawa, Fujita, Yoshiki et al., 2010).
Based on the openness and diversity of network information, the social bad habits and the one-sided and paranoid values conveyed by intermingled network media (Pearce, 2009), as well as the shallow social experience of college
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students, students lack discrimination on the authenticity and quality of network information data, and have subjective, one-sided and paranoid attitudes and solutions to problems. In this case, there is a great difference and
dislocation between that subjective
psychological cognition structure and the objective reality, which make the students' psychological cognition deviate and make it easy to touch the legal bottom line, for example, there have been frequent incidents of school violence in recent years (Loudin, Loukas, & Robinson, 2003).
Then, I&P education should provide rational thinking model in psychological consciousness, moral emotion and will belief, and create active and positive values, psychological cognitive structure and sound personality for college students through feasible practical education model and educational environment. (Nomura, Kanda, Suzuki et al. 2008).
According to the theory of I&P education, external life, learning environment and cultural atmosphere have a deep influence on the formation and development of college students' ideological and moral character, and I&P education can construct the psychological cognitive structure and cognitive level of college students through a series of values teaching, educate students' minds and regulate their behaviors in every aspect of their life and learning so as to make them ideal, disciplined and active talents in terms of three outlooks (Anderson, 2014). If the psychological state of college students is positive or no directly affects the output of behaviors and a high level of
psychological cognition and positive
psychological state in daily life and against complex and diverse social problems can help students independently discriminate and make scientific and rational cognitive behaviors (Koltko-Rivera, 2006).
With the help of psychological theory, this paper studies the influence and mechanism of I&P education on college students' behavior consciousness, so as to shape college students' psychological ideology through I&P education, guide college students to make active and positive social behavior output and output young high-quality talents for the development of the country.
THEORETICAL BASIS OF MASLOW’S PSYCHOLOGY
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, people's needs are divided into five levels, as shown in Table 1 (Maslow's needs structure),
namely physiological needs, security,
belongingness and love, esteem and self-actualization (Gross, 1996). With the help of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, this paper analyzes the influence and mechanism of I&P education on college students' psychological behaviors, and divides Maslow's needs into two categories: primitive instinctive needs such as physiological needs and safety needs and high-value psychological needs such as belongingness and love, esteem and self-actualization.
Table 1.
Maslow’s needs structure
Level Factors
Physiological needs
Breathing, water, food, sleep, physiological balance, secretion and
sex
Security Safety of person, property and consciousness Belongingness
and love need Friendship, love and sexual intimacy
Esteem
Self-respect, confidence, achievement, respect for others and being respected
by others
Self- actualization
Ethics, creativity, conscientiousness, problem solving, fairness and
acceptance of reality
According to the theory that the economic base determines the superstructure and the philosophical theory that consciousness reacts to matter, if the economic base is understood as the material condition and the most basic material condition is satisfied, people begin to pursue the higher spiritual superstructure. This shows that the ideology after the psychological needs are satisfied is better than the satisfaction of the instinctive needs, for which mainly is that the psychological needs can relieve the inner pressure and anxiety, and the brain secretes the happy signal to guide the positive individual behavior. Maslow believes that people in the process of self-actualization have a "peak experience" of psychological feelings, which can make people in the most perfect, the most harmonious state of body and mind, so that
people feel ecstatic and enchanting
psychological experience. Therefore, the
realization of high-value psychological needs makes it easier for the system to enter the
INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION ON BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS 745
Figure 1
.
The influence of I&P education on psychological needs
Primal instinctive need
High value psychological needs Ideological
education
pursue satisfaction
Psychological motivation
The behavior of dream-seeker Create social
value ideology decide
Instinctive behavior
Simple pleasures
progressive state of virtuous circle and promote the psychology and behavior of college students to be in a positive mode.
The prerequisite of jumping from lower level needs to higher value psychological needs is that their lower level needs are realized, and the pursuit of higher level needs depends on the satisfaction of lower level needs, which is
limited by the individuals’ psychological state
and ideology. The positive psychological state of college students can be guided through the influence of external life and learning environment, such as the reform of ideological and political teaching and the optimization of ideological and political management, so as to shape the ideology and cognitive structure of the pursuit of high values. The cognitive structure of ideology determines the satisfaction of the current level needs, guides college students not only to pursue the primitive instinctive needs of life, but also to explore the needs of higher levels
such as self-actualization and establish
ambitious ideals and practical plans of action shown in Figure 1.
The quality of life and living standard, security needs and physiological needs of contemporary college students are basically not problems on the campus of colleges and universities. The sex needs is the biggest factor that affects the psychology and behavior of college students at the physiological needs level. The sexual attraction to the opposite sex and the sexual psychological needs of the college students need the correct guidance of I&P education, guiding the positive understanding of sexual needs of the college students, adopting active and positive ways to deal with the life instinctive needs and turning their physiological instinctive needs into the active and upward motive force.
In view of the negative behaviors caused by improper handling of the current sexual needs of college students, such as self-harm, mental
malaise, depression, and even abnormal psychology and criminal behavior caused by
unrequited love or lovelorn, it’s crucial to avoid
the act of hurting others and making themselves regret under the drive of the improper sexual needs. The correct guidance of I&P education can help students to adjust the primary and secondary relationship between the intrinsic value needs and the instinctive needs of college students; the all-round scientific and meaningful I&P education can intervene the psychological cognitive structure, shape positive ideology,
eliminate instinctive psychological needs
impulse, rationally drive external behaviors, and
delay or moderately satisfy instinctive
psychological needs, so as to improve the degree of high-value psychological needs, mobilize the
motivation to realize the high-value
psychological needs, and then control the meaningful dream-pursuing behavior and meet the high-value psychological needs instead of the low-level animal's instinctive physiological needs.
THE INFLUENCE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE I&P EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS
I&P education in colleges and universities not only directly affects the psychological state and ideology of college student, but also indirectly affects the behavior pursuit of college students. At the same time, it has the social attribute of
self-actualization and stimulates the
psychological satisfaction of college students from the psychological needs level, so as to obtain stronger dream-pursuing motivation and output persistent and good behavior quality. The relationship between I&P education and
college students' psychological behavior
awareness is shown in Figure 2. Through active and positive external education environment
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and positive psychological state, I&P education constructs the psychological model structure of college students and reorganize psychological ideology and improve the level of psychological cognition from the aspects of psychological cognition, psychological emotion, psychological willpower and psychological belief; at the same time, it triggers different psychological needs (such as primitive instinctive needs and high-value dream needs) of college students so as to mobilize their subjective internal motives and control their external behavior patterns (primitive instinctive behavior or rational dream-pursuing behavior); the pleasure resulting from the satisfaction of individual needs promotes the formation of a more optimized active and positive psychological state model, while the satisfaction of psychological needs at various levels requires the adjustment of I&P education, making them not stagnate in the level of needs that satisfies the primitive instinctive needs, and realize the jumping of the level of psychological needs; finally, the target of cultivating individual college students can be realized through I&P education, developing promising young talents with ideals, morality and culture.
It can be hereby seen that the effectiveness, satisfaction and recognition of the I&P education of college students will be the most important, so the innovation of ideological and political teaching methods and the optimization of management will be the key to guide the psychological and behavioral awareness of college students to a given direction. The measures to improve the effectiveness of I&P education are shown in the table. First, the contents of I&P education should not be limited to the book. If the contents cannot stimulate the psychological needs of college students, the students not only show negative learning behaviors such as sleeping and playing with
mobile phones in classroom, but also
intentionally block all knowledge points taught by teachers, so the I&P education should keep pace with the development of the times, meet the psychological needs of college students, put ideological construction in the first place, internalize I&P education in mind and externalize it in behaviors so as to achieve the unity of knowledge and practice.
Figure 2
.
The influence of I&P education on the consciousness of psychological behavior
via
Mental model
Positive external educational environment structure
Cognition Emotion Volition Faith
Psychological need strike
Subjective internal motivation
manoeuvre Life
instinct behavior
Rational pursuit behavior
output
Life instinct demand
Pursuit of lofty ideals
Psychological ideology
change
Positive mental state
satisfy
INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION ON BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS 747
Second, the I&P education should do a good
job in the investigation of students'
psychological needs, change teaching cases according to actual situation and pay attention to enhance professional competence and the ability to analyze current politics in the course of teaching. Finally, the management mode, evaluation method, evaluation standard and training objective of I&P education should be optimized and upgraded to strengthen the
construction of ideological and political
curriculum, and strictly enforce the standard of evaluating the teaching effect of teachers and the learning effect of college students; increase the learning types and forms of I&P education, so as to instill ideas and values of I&P education into the learning process of various subjects, instead of relying only on ideological and political curriculum to reform the mental and physical structure (psychological and behavioral structure) of college students; strengthen the professional capacity of counselors, and set up a psychological health education system. In this way, the I&P education system should be built in an all-round way, and the measures to improve the effectiveness of I&P education are shown in Table 2 to guide college students to set up
high-level psychological needs and positive
psychological state, construct positive ideology and cognitive structure, and realize the pursuit of behavior with social value.
Table
2.
Measures
to
improve
the
effectiveness of I&P education
Direction Measures the content Teaching
content
Keep up with The Times, stimulate the psychological needs of students
Teaching means
Innovate teaching method, update teaching case
Learning effect
To optimize the evaluation criteria of training objective, teaching effect and
learning effect
Forms of I&P education
Multi-disciplinary, angle, multi-form inculcation I&P education
Mental health education
I&P education natural integration of mental health counseling
RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF I&P EDUCATION ACTING ON COLLEGE STUDENTS' PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS
Mechanism model of I&P education acting on psychological behavior consciousness
From the psychological point of view, people's psychological cognition level and ideology depend partly on their intellectual level and genetic genes and partly on their external environment, which has the most significant influence on people's psychology and behavior, as shown in Figure 3. The positive external environment interacts with the positive psychological state, and its output behavior state is a positive model; the positive external environment interacts with the negative psychological state, and its output behavior state is still a positive model under the influence of the external environment. The negative external environment interacts with the positive psychological state, and the output behavior state depends on the ideology of individual college students, that’s the more positive the
ideology is, the more positive the behavior state tends to be; when the negative external environment is combined with the negative psychological state, the output behavior state is basically a negative model.
According to the model relationship shown in Figure 3, the quality of the external living and learning environment of college students not only affects the construction of the students' psychological state and ideology, but also affects the students' behavior output state. The sound campus life, benign learning atmosphere, and positive I&P education will jointly construct positive external environment, guide college students to set up higher-level needs for themselves, and combining with a positive psychological state and ideology, output positive behavior; otherwise, if the I&P education is not properly implemented, combining the bad learning atmosphere and superficial campus culture, the output of the pursuit of lofty ideals only depends on the level of self-needs and psychological state of individual college students while their psychological state is often prone to change under the influence of the external environment.
Therefore, from the perspective of subjective ideology, the key to have a positive behavior state is to have a positive psychological state, which mostly depends on the external environment. The positive external environment is easier to shape the good psychological state and the higher psychological cognition level than the negative external environment. From the perspective of the influence of external environment, it is easier to shape the high-value
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psychological needs under edification and influence of external environment than the self-awakening to promote the level of needs. This shows the importance of I&P education.
Figure 3
.
Mechanism model
The external
environment State of mind Behavior state
Positive model Negative model
Case analysis
By following up the survey data, the benign I&P education environment has a positive influence on shaping the psychological ideology of college students, and at the same time, the positive ideology constantly raises the level of psychological needs, so that the positive behavior patterns for dealing with people can be
output under the drive of high-value
psychological needs.
Before and after the follow-up survey, the proportion of psychological needs of college students is counted. Figure 4 (a) shows the proportion of psychological needs of college students before the follow-up survey. Orange represents 50% needs for the pursuit of basic survival material; purple represents 34% needs
for eating, drinking, and entertainment, and pink represents 16% needs for social attributes of
lofty ideals. It’s necessary to improve the
effectiveness of I&P education through the reform of ideological and political teaching, the expansion of I&P education, the strengthening of
counselors' ideological and political
management ability, and the diversified ways to evaluate the learning effect. According to the investigation of college students' psychology and behavior in this period, it is found that the level
of psychological needs, ideology and
psychological state of college students have changed under the influence of external environment. As shown in Figure 4 (b), the proportion of psychological needs of college students is counted after the follow-up survey, and the proportion of needs for basic survival materials indicated by orange decreases to 40%, and that for eating, drinking and entertainment indicated by purple decreases to 20% and that for social attributes indicated by pink rises to 40%.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, this paper studies the influence and mechanism of I&P education on college students' behavior consciousness, so as shape college students' psychological ideology through I&P education and guide college students to make positive social behavior. The specific conclusions are as follows:
The realization of high-value psychological needs results in a better degree of psychological
Figure 4
.
The proportion of psychological needs
3 16.67% 2
33.33%
1 50%
Lofty ideality pursuit Hedonistic pursuit Basic material pursuit
34% Hedonistic pursuit
16%Lofty ideality pursuit
50% Basic material pursuit
40% 20%
40%
Lofty ideality pursuit Hedonistic pursuit Basic material pursuit
20% Hedonistic pursuit
40%Lofty ideality pursuit 40% Basic
material pursuit
INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION ON BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS 749
satisfaction than the realization of instinctive needs, and can generate positive psychological state and behavior pattern of college students, with the psychological motivation and behavior model in an incremental state of the benign cycle.
The positive I&P education environment reshapes the positive psychological ideology, promotes the level of psychological cognition, stimulates the high-value psychological needs, and realizes the behavior pursuit with social value.
This paper summarizes the mechanism of I&P education acting on college students' behavior consciousness, the interaction between the positive I&P education environment and the positive or negative psychological model finally generates the positive behavior.
Finally, the effectiveness of constructing psychological model of I&P education is improved with the reform measures of I&P education. Through the comparative analysis of follow-up investigation data, the benign I&P education environment has a positive influence on shaping the psychological ideology of college students and raises the proportion of college students pursuing the ideals with social value.
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