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Examples of energy efficiency upgrades for the agroindustry sector: Programa de eficiencia energética de FIRA

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Examples of energy efficiency upgrades for the agroindustry

sector: Programa de eficiencia energética de FIRA

Erick Rodríguez Maldonado

(2)

Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura

(FIRA)

Bancos Otros intermediarios

financieros Productos rurales y agropecuarios Productos rurales y agropecuarios Apoyo para: credito, garantías, subsidios Transferencia de tecnología capacitación, Asistencia Técnica, Oferta Demanda (Consumidor) Planeación

Logistica (producción - comercialización)

• Materia prima • tecnología • Capital • Valor agregado

(innovación)

• Integración de la cadena de valor

A dm in is tr ac ió n de ries go s A dm in is tr ac ió n de ries go s

FIRA es una institución pública con la mission de Promover el financiamiento integral a los productores del sector agropecuario, forestal, pesquero, alimentario y del medio rural, por medio de productos financieros especializados con acompañamiento técnico y mitigación de riesgos, con el fin de elevar su productividad y su nivel de vida, desde una perspectiva de desarrollo regional, sustentabilidad ambiental y de equidad de género

Objetivos del programa Institucional: 1) Impulsar el acceso al financiamiento para los productores. 2) Fomentar el crédito a largo plazo.

3) Promover el financiamiento en las áreas de interés de la política pública.

4) Ampliar y fortalecer la red de intermediarios financieros. 5) Vincular el crédito a los programas gubernamentales. 6) Garantizar la sustentabilidad del patrimonio de FIRA.

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Introduction

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Introduction

Previous studies in selected agro industries in Mexico have found:

– 7,000 agro-industry firms in Mexico

– 78% of them have a significant energy consumption

– 40% have interest in EE investments

– 80% does not know its EE potential

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Literature review

• The EE gap

• Barriers and drivers for Energy Efficiency

Barriers framework: Sorell et al, 2000, Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU): University of Sussex

- Work of Rohdin andThollander

Drivers framework: Thollander and Ottoson, 2008

Source: Jaffe and Stavins, 1994

Economic: Non market failure Economic: Market failure Behavioural Organizatio nal

Market related Policy instruments

Behavioural and organisational

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Literature review

Studies suggests the

need to have sector and country specific analysis

to

have a better understanding of the specific barriers and drivers

of energy efficiency investment decisions in a specific context.

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 YES NO

Perception of untapped

potential to reduce energy

consumption

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 YES NO

Interest / Importance in expanding business / participation in

Agro-industrial sector

(Tech. providers, Financial inst., Government, Int´l development

agencies)

Results: EE gap and interest in EE

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 UNCLEAR ENERGY REGULATION

FAST TECHNOLOGICAL CYCLE COST / INCONVENIENCE OF RESEARCH NEW TECHNOLOGIES LACK OF INTEREST IN ENERGY MANAGEMENT LACK OF SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY SLOW INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING PROCESS UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PROJECTS LACK OF INTEREST IN THE ENVIRONMENT SHORT TERM VISION HIGH RISK PERCEPTION / LACK OF RISK MANAGEMENT TOOLS LACK OF GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES / PROGRAMMES DIFFICULTIES IN OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT EE EQUIPMENT AND …

LACK OF TECHNICAL CAPACITY TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE / ADEQUACY FOR THE PLANT PRICE OF ENERGY LONG PAYBACK PERIOD OF INVESTMENT INVESTMENTS PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE USE OF SUBSIDIES CULTURAL BARRIERS FOR ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY PREFERENCE TO INVEST IN PRODUCTION EXPANSION RELIABILITY OF TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS HIGH INVESTMENT COST LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES ACCESS TO FINANCE AND ADEQUATE FINANCIAL PRODUCTS LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EE

Barriers

to energy efficiency

investments

0 10 20 30 40

DECREASE DEPENDENCY OF ENERGY PRICES … NATIONAL ENERGY TARGET IMPROVED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FULFIL LEGAL OBLIGATIONS / REQUISITES USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY AVAILABILITY OF FINANCE ACCESS TO MARKET USE OF GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES OBTAIN A “GREEN” CERTIFICATE / “GREEN” … IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE COST REDUCTIONS RESULTING FROM ENERGY …

Incentives

to energy

efficiency investments

Results: Barriers and incentives

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 BOUNDED RATIONALITY FORM OF INFORMATION INERTIA CULTURE HIDDEN COSTS ADVERSE SELECTION IMPERFECT INFORMATION RISK ACCESS TO CAPITAL 2 2 12 12 13 13 28 38 40

Theoretical

barriers

57% 26% 10% 7%

Theoretical framework barriers

Economic: Non market failure

Economic: Market failure

Behavioural

Organisational

Results: Barriers theoretical

framework

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61% 27% 12%

Theoretical framework

incentives

Market-related driving forces Organizational and behavioural factors Current and potential energy policies

Results: Incentives theoretical

framework

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El programa de eficiencia energética considera el otorgamiento de fondeo y/o

garantía FIRA, con valor agregado mediante el acceso a un conjunto de

mitigantes de riesgo e incentivos en la tasa de interés.

Objetivo: Apoyar a las industrias del sector agroalimentario mexicano a realizar

inversiones en tecnologías que generen eficiencia energética.

Población objetivo: Agroindustrias vinculadas al sector agroalimentario Cobertura: Nacional

Componentes de apoyo:

• Financiamiento • Garantías

• Apoyo en tasa de interés (1%) • Validaciones técnicas

• Fianza

Crédito:

De largo plazo para la sustitución y modernización de equipos

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Instrumentos del Programa

El programa utiliza instrumentos que buscan asegurar a las empresas, que los ahorros generados por las inversiones realizadas, permitirán su recuperación.

Instrumentos no financieros:

• Tecnologías pre-seleccionadas

• Validación de proveedores y proyectos

• Contrato estándar para pactar el compromiso de ahorro energético

• MRV de los ahorros en energía.

Los instrumentos financieros:

• Línea de crédito y garantía FIRA

• Fianza en caso de que los ahorros energéticos no se generen.

• Estímulo financiero equivalente a 100 puntos base sobre la tasa de interés por medio del Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos Sostenibles.

(sujeto al cumplimiento del programa)

Barriers

Economic: Non market failure

Hidden costs

>Cost / inconvenience of research new technologies

>Difficulties in obtaining information about EE equipment and its performance

>Lack of technical capacity

Access to capital

>Lack of financial resources

>Access to finance and adequate financial products

>investments Problems related to the use of subsidies

>Lack of government incentives / programmes

Risk

>Long payback period of investment >Price of energy

>High risk perception / lack of risk management tools

>Technology performance / adequacy for the plant

>Reliability of technology providers

>Uncertainty about the economic performance of the projects

>Unclear energy regulation

Economic: Market failure

Imperfect

information >Lack of knowledge about EE Adverse

selection

>High investment cost >Access to technology >Fast technological cycle

Incentives

Market-related driving forces

>Use of new technology

>Cost reductions resulting from energy savings >Improve resources management

>Availability of finance

>Decrease dependency of energy prices fluctuation

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Para reducir el riesgo tecnológico, se han seleccionado seis

tecnologías de uso común en procesos agroindustriales:

Motores de alta eficiencia

Calentamiento solar

Distribución de aire comprimido

Generadores de vapor eficientes, calderas

Sistemas de enfriamiento y refrigeración

Sistemas de cogeneración

Comprobado su capacidad

para reducir consumos de

energía

Inversión, requiere

financiamiento

(14)

El Programa beneficia a todos los actores:

Incentiva inversiones que mejoran la eficiencia de los procesos agroindustriales,

haciendo Agroindustrias más competitivas y sustentables.

Los proveedores de tecnología pueden expandir su mercado y acelerar su

crecimiento.

Los intermediarios financieros tendrán clientes (Agroindustrias) menos riesgosos

Se contribuye de manera importante a la reducción de emisiones de GEI con lo que

se contribuye a la mitigación de los efectos del cambio climático.

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Reference list

• Jaffe, A., Stavins, R., 1994. The energy-efficiency gap what does it mean? JEPO Energy Policy. • Johnson, Todd, et al., 2009. México: estudio sobre la disminución de emisiones de carbon, World

Bank

• McKensey & Company, 2010. Impact of the financial crisis on carbon economics: Version 2.1 of the global greenhouse gas abatement cost curve, Report.

• Reddy, A.K.N., 1991. Barriers to improvements in energy efficiency. Elsevier.

• Rodriguez Maldonado, E., 2016. Perceptions in Energy Efficiency Investments. Does the low hanging fruit seem too high? Evidence from the Mexican agro-industry sector. University of Cambridge

dissertation for the degree of Master of Studies in Sustainability Leadership. Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership.

• Rohdin, P., Thollander, P., 2006. Barriers to and driving forces for energy efficiency in the non-energy intensive manufacturing industry in Sweden. Energy.

• Rohdin, P., Thollander, P., Solding, P., 2007. Barriers to and drivers for energy efficiency in the Swedish foundry industry. JEPO Energy Policy.

• Sorrell, S., Schleich, J., Scott, S., O’Malley, E., Trace, F., Boede, U., Ostertag, K., Radgen, P., 2000. Reducing barriers to energy efficiency in public and private organisations. Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU): University of Sussex.

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