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Near zero energy buildings in Finland

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TABLE 1. U -values of nZEB (ym.fi/rakentamismaaraykset/C3) (isover.fi)  Structural element  Normal Building (W/m 2 K)  nZEB (W/m 2 K)
TABLE 2. E-value demands for buildings (RakMK D3, 2012)  Purpose of use  E-value (kWh/m 2  per year)  Single-family house  Residential building   Office building  Educational building  Hospital  by area 130 170 170 450
TABLE 4. The annual solar energy (Aurinko-opas aurinkoenergiaa rakennuksiin)  City  Latitude  kWh/m 2 /a  Helsinki  60˚ 12N  938  Rome  41˚ 48N  1435  Lisbon  38˚ 43N  1689  Paris  48˚ 49N  1032
TABLE 5 Design temperatures for new buildings in Finland (K1/2013)
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