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jkjk lmn opqrstuqvmn ru ws xmtypvsxz{q |}zr k k k k k k k k k k k k ~

jkjkjk p€ ypuru sxu} ws xmtypvsxz{q |}zr k k k k k k k k k k ~

jkjkjkjk ‚ƒywmvsxz{q ru }uxp}nmn mxzmnmn k k k k k k k k ~

jkjkjk„k …sysxzrsr ru ys}swuwzntm ru …†‡ k k k k k k jˆ

jkjkjk ‰k …mwsŠm}sxz{q ru }uxp}nmn‹ m}|sqzŒsxzmqunz}Ž

vpswun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jj

jkjkjkk xxunm s }uxp}nmn srzxzmqswun k k k k k k k k k j„

jkjkjk‘k ‚’pzwzŠ}zm ru }uxp}nmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k j„

jkjkjk “k ”zsŠzwzrsr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k j‰

jkjkjk•k rtzqznv}sxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k j

jkjk „k …mqxuyvmn ‹ …mtymquqvun ruw |}zr k k k k k k k k k k k j‘

jkjk„kjk –zymn ru }uxp}nmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k j‘

jkjk„k„k –s}usn ‹ sywzxsxzmqun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k j—

jkjk„k ‰k †wsqz˜xsxz{q™}unu}s ‹ š› œžŸ ¡Ÿ  k k k k k k j—

jkjk„kk ¢u zqv}s|}zr s zqvu}|}zr k k k k k k k k k k k k j~

jkjk‰k …mqnv}pxxz{q ruw |}zr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k „„

jkjk ‰kjk £¤œŸŸ¡Ÿ  ru runs}}mwwm k k k k k k k k k k k k k „„

jkjk ‰k„k …mtymquqvun ru nmov¥s}u ruw |}zr k k k k k k k „‰

jkjkk ‡nm ruw |}zr¦ yu}nyuxvzs ruw pnps}zm k k k k k k k k k k „‘

jkjkkjk §qnvswsxz{q ‹ sxvzsxz{q ruw nmov¥s}u ru |}zr k „‘

jkjkk„k ¨u|znv}m uq uw |}zr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k „“

jkjkk ‰k …mqnpwvsn ‹ uq©m ru v}sŠsªmn k k k k k k k k k „“

jkjkkk …mq˜|p}sxz{q ru rsvmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k „•

jkjkk‘k …mqv}mw ruw y}m|}unm ‹ }uxpyu}sxz{q k k k k k k „•

jkjkk “k ¨unu}s ru }uxp}nmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k „—

jkjk ‘k ‡nm ruw |}zr¦ yu}nyuxvzs ruw srtzqznv}srm} k k k k k k k „—

„

jkjk‘kjk †wsqqzq| k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k „—

jkjk‘k„k §qnvswsxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k „~

jkjk‘k ‰k ¢s} ru swvs s tµ’pzqsn ‹ pnps}zmn k k k k k k „~

jkjk‘kk ls pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{q k k k k k k k k k ‰ˆ

jkjk‘k‘k ¶unvz{q ru }uxp}nmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰j

jkjk‘k “k …mtys}vzxz{q ru rsvmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰j

jkjk“k ‡nm ruw|}zr¦yu}nyuxvzsruwruns}}mwwsrm}ru sywzxsxzmqun ‰j

jkjk •k ‚w y}unuqvu ‹ uw opvp}m k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰„

jkjk—k lm ’pu |}zr qm ypuru sxu} k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰„

jk „k }’pzvuxvp}s ‹ xmqnzru}sxzmqun nmŠ}u nu|p}zrsr k k k k k k k k k ‰‰

jk „kjk …mqnzru}sxzmqun ru sywzxsxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰‰

jk „kjkjk …mqnzru}sxzmqun nmŠ}u ws …†‡ k k k k k k k k k ‰‰

jk „kjk„k …mqnzru}sxzmqun nmŠ}u rsvmn k k k k k k k k k k ‰“

jk „k „k ·u|p}zrsr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰•

jk „k„kjk §qv}mrpxxz{q s ws nu|p}zrsr ru |}zr k k k k k k ‰•

jk „k„k„k §qo}sunv}pxvp}s ru nu|p}zrsr ru |}zr k k k k k ˆ

jk „k„k ‰k ·u|p}zrsr ru ws zqo}sunv}pxvp}s ru |}zr k k k k j

jk „k„kk ¨zun|mn ymvuqxzswun ru nu|p}zrsr k k k k k k k „

jk „k„k‘k ¸pwqu}sŠzwzrsrun uq uw nu}zrm} ru |}zr k k k k „

jk „k‰k ¢znu¹m k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰

jk „k ‰kjk …mqnv}pxxz{q ru pqs s}’pzvuxvp}s |}zr k k k k ‰

jk „k ‰k„k ºmruwmn ru s}’pzvuxvp}sn |}zr k k k k k k k k k 

jk „k ‰k ‰k –mymwm|©sn |}zr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘

»Z ¼½¾ ¿½gÀcb½Á ÂÃ

„kjk §qv}mrpxxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k •

„kjkjk –uxqmwm|©sn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —

„kjkjkjk ĺl k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —

„kjkjk„k ·Å† k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘ˆ

„kjkjk ‰k Æ·¢l k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘„

„kjkjkk ‡¢¢§ k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘‰

„k „k Æ· k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘

„k „kjk ‚w tmruwm m}zuqvsrm s tuqnsªu k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘

„k „k „k ‚w tmruwm m}zuqvsrm s nu}zxzm k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘•

„k „k‰k ºmruwm m}zuqvsrm s }uxp}nm k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “ˆ

„k „kk ºmruwm ru ymw©vzxs k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “‰

„k‰k ·Å k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “‘

‰

„k‰k „k ÆuŠ nu}zxun ‹ unvzwmn s}’pzvuxv{qzxmn k k k k k k k k k k ““

ÇZ ¿½gÀcbc\Á È ÉgÊ_c`½b`_gaÁ fgch ËÌ

‰kjk }’pzvuxvp}s Ŷ· k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “~

‰kjkjk §qv}mrpxxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “~

‰kjkjkjk ¶}zr ·u}zxu k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k •ˆ

‰kjkjk„k …s}sxvu}©nvzxsn ru Ŷ· k k k k k k k k k k k •j

‰kjkjk ‰k ¢uvswwun v€xqzxmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k •„

‰k „k Ŷ·§™ ws zqo}sunv}pxvp}s sqvz|ps k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —„

‰k „kjk ºuªm}s ru wmn ÆuŠ ·u}zxun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —‰

‰k „kjkjk ·mym}vu ys}s ws uƒvuqnz{q ‹ u}uqxzs ru qpuŽ

sn zqvu}osxun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —‰

‰k „kjk„k ·u}zxzmn xmq unvsrm ‹ ymvuqxzswtuqvu v}sqnzŽ

vm}zmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —

‰k „kjk ‰k ¶unvz{q ruw xzxwm ru zrs k k k k k k k k k k k k —‘

‰k „kjkk ·u}zxu ¢svs Í΢svmn ruw nu}zxzmÏÐ k k k k k k —‘

‰k „kjk‘k Ñmvz˜xsxzmqun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —“

‰k „kjk “k |}pysxz{q ru nu}zxzmn k k k k k k k k k k k k —•

‰k‰k ¢u Ŷ·§  Æ·¨” k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k —•

‰kk ÆuŠ ·u}zxun ¨unmp}xu ”}stu¥m}Ò ÍÆ·¨”Ð ws zqo}sunv}pxvp}s

sxvpsw k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ——

‰kkjk §qv}mrpxxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ——

‰kk „k Æ·Ž¨unmp}xulzouvztu k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~j

‰kk„kjk Æ·Ž¨unmp}xu ”sxvm}‹ k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~j

‰kk„k„k Æ·Ž¨unmp}xu §ruqvzv‹ k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~j

‰kk„k ‰k Æ·Ž¨unmp}xu ¢unv}pxvzmq k k k k k k k k k k k ~j

‰kk‰k Æ·Ž¨unmp}xu†}myu}vzun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~„

‰kkk Æ·Ž¨uqu¥sŠwu¨uou}uqxun k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~„

‰kk ‘k Æ·Ž·u}zxu¶}mpy k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~‰

‰kk“k Æ·ŽÓsnu”spwvn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~‰

ÂZ fÔ\¾_Á Õ\\ÔÖc` Â iÂ

kjk §qv}mrpxxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~

k „k }’pzvuxvp}s ru ¶wmŠpn –mmwÒzv  k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~“

k „kjk …mttmq ¨pqvztu k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~—

k „k „k ·u|p}zrsr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~~

k „k‰k ¶unvz{q ru rsvmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆj

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k „k ‰k„k ¨uywzxsxz{q ru rsvmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ„

k „kk ·u}zxzmn ru zqom}tsxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ‰

k „k ‘k ¶unvz{q ru uªuxpxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ

k „k‘kjk Æ· ¶¨º k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ

×Z fgchØaÈ YÙÃ

‘kjk }’pzvuxvp}s k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ•

‘k „k ¢unxpŠ}ztzuqvm ‹ nuwuxxz{q ru }uxp}nmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k jjˆ

‘k‰k ‚w t{rpwm º¢ Í ºzrrwu¥s}u xxunn ¢}zu}Ð k k k k k k k k k k jjj

‘kk ºz|}sxz{q ru vs}usn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jj‰

‘k ‘k –mwu}sqxzs s oswwmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jj

jkjk ¶}zr nuqxzwwm xmqnznvuqvu uq pqsn ymxsn tµ’pzqsn k k k k k k k „ˆ

jk „k ¶}zr s |}sq unxsws k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k „j

jk‰k ywzxsxz{q ys}swuwzŒsŠwu k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰

jkk ‚qx}zyvsxz{q ru xwsu y݊wzxs k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰—

jk ‘k pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{q k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‰~

jk“k §qv}s|}zr™ ‚ƒv}s|}zr u §qvu}|}zr k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘

„kjk ºmruwm m}zuqvsrm s tuqnsªu k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘‘

„k „k ºmruwm m}zuqvsrm s nu}zxzm k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ‘—

„k‰k ºmruwm m}zuqvsrm s }uxp}nmn k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “j

„kk ºmruwm ru ymw©vzxs k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k “‰

‰kjk ¨uwsxz{q Ŷ·™Æ·¨” ‹ ÆuŠ ·u}zxun k k k k k k k k k k k k k “—

kjk ¨uwsxz{q uqv}u Ŷ·™Æ·¨” ‹ ¶wmŠpn k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~‘

k „k …mtymquqvun ru ¶– k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~•

k‰k }’pzvuxvp}s ħŠk k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~~

kk …mtymquqvun ru Æ· ¶¨º k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ‘

‘kjk }’pzvuxvp}s ru ¶}zrÆs‹ k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k jˆ~

‰kjk Æ· ¨unmp}xu ”}stu¥m}Ò k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k ~ˆ

ß

Ózuquqzrmn s ws rmxptuqvsxz{q ruw y}m‹uxvm ru ws snz|qsvp}s ru ·znvutsn

§qom}tµvzxmnru ws ”sxpwvsr ru §qom}tµvzxs ru ws ‡qzu}nzrsr …mtywpvuqnu ru

ºsr}zrk‚wy}m‹uxvm wm utmn}uswzŒsrm uqv}u wmn swptqmn ¶u}tµq †sŠwm ·sqŽ

vmn Óuqszrun™‚rps}rm áu}tzrs ¶s}x©s ‹ ‚rps}rm †sŒ Å}rp¹s ‹ vzuqu xmtm

v©vpwm â¢znu¹m u ztywutuqvsxz{q ru u}}stzuqvsn |}zr Šsnsrsn uq Æ·¨”ãk‚w

mŠªuvzm ˜qsw s nzrm ws }uswzŒsxz{q ru pq äåæ Í ºzrrwu¥s}u xxunn ¢}zu}Ð

ys}s uw ¶}zrÆs‹ ”}stu¥m}Ò runs}}mwwsrm ym} uw 桚çè¡éêçž ë åè›ì¡çž›çêèž œŸë

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xmqxuyvmn nmŠ}u xmtypvsxz{q |}zr™ ÆuŠ ·u}zxun ‹ |wmŠpnkw|pqmn uªutywmn

nmq ĺl™ tuqnsªun ·Å†™ Ŷ·™ nvsvuopw ÆuŠ ·u}zxun™ Æ·¨”™kkk

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–u mŠªuvzu mo vzn y}mªuxv sn Šuuq vu ruuwmytuqv mo sq syywzxsvzmq

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vzqvmn y}m‹uxvmnk ‚q uw ysnsrm™ xsrs y}m‹uxvm u}s }unymqnsŠwu ru wmn }uxp}nmn

ru ìœèëýœèž ‹ wmn |snvmn snmxzsrmn s uwwmnk  tuqprm™ unvu ìœèëýœèž unvsŠs

zqpvzwzŒsrm™tzuqv}sn mv}mn y}m‹uxvmn nu uqxmqv}sŠsq xmq |}sqrun y}mŠwutsn™

quxunzvsqrm tµn }uxp}nmn ruŠzrm s uuqvmn zqmym}vpqmnk †s}s unvmn xsnmn™ uw

|}zr ypuru wwu|s} s mo}uxu} |}sqrun osxzwzrsrunuq uw xmqv}mw ‹ tsquªm ru unvsn

nzvpsxzmqunk

–stŠz€q ws ›ðóñê眛¡EŸ œêçEŸðóœ om}ts ys}vu ru unvu ypqvm™ ‹s ’pu

uƒznvuq s}zsn u}}stzuqvsn ’pu ypuruq wmxswzŒs} ztym}vsqvun vuqruqxzsn uq

uw |}zr ’pu ypursq }u’pu}z} ws svuqxz{q ruw srtzqznv}srm}k

F G+0($#-+H I G+,#+0$0-$H %$* 1).%

‚q unvs nuxxz{q™stmn s zqv}mrpxz} wmns}zmn xmqxuyvmn™v€}tzqmn ‹ xmtŽ

ymquqvun ruw |}zr xmq tµn ruvswwuk

YZYZ»ZYZ Õc^\Á h½ g½b_gÁ\Á

…mtm nu s zrm zuqrm uq ypqvmn sqvu}zm}un™ uƒznvuq tpxmn vzymn ru

}uxp}nmn ’pu ypuruq nu} xmtys}vzrmn ym} wsn tµ’pzqsn xmquxvsrsn s pq |}zrk

¸stmn s ru˜qz} wmn rzou}uqvun vzymn ru }uxp}nmn ‹ u}utmn ’pu™ tzuqv}sn

sw|pqmn ru uwwmn ypuruq nu} pnsrmn ym} vmrmn wmn pnps}zmn ruw |}zr™ mv}mn

ypuruq vuqu} }unv}zxxzmqun unyux©˜xsnk

…mtypvsxz{q

‚w }uxp}nm tµn xmtÝq nmq xzxwmn ru xmtypvsxz{q y}mym}xzmqsrmn ym}

wmn y}mxunsrm}un ru wsn ts’pzqsn ruw |}zrk lmn y}mxunsrm}un ypuruq

s}zs} uq uwmxzrsr™ s}’pzvuxvp}s™ ywsvsom}ts nmov¥s}u ‹ mv}mn osxvm}un

snmxzsrmn™ xmtm tutm}zs™ swtsxuqstzuqvm ‹ xmquxvzzrsrk ás‹ v}un

om}tsn y}zqxzyswun ru uƒywmvs} wmn }uxp}nmn ru xmtypvsxz{q ru pq |}zrk

ls y}ztu}s ‹ tµn nztywu un pns}wmn ys}s uªuxpvs} pqs sywzxsxz{q uq

pqs ts’pzqs rznymqzŠwu uq uw |}zr uq uŒ ru wmxswtuqvuk ls nu|pqrs

un pns} pqs sywzxsxz{q rznu¹srs ys}s rzzrz} np v}sŠsªm™ ru vsw tsqu}s

’pu rzou}uqvun ys}vun ru ws sywzxsxz{q ypursq uªuxpvs}nu uq ys}swuwm

uq rzou}uqvun y}mxunsrm}unk ls vu}xu}s un uªuxpvs} pqs sywzxsxz{q™ ’pu

quxunzvs nu} uªuxpvsrs s}zsn uxun™ uq rzou}uqvun ts’pzqsn ruw |}zrk

wtsxuqstzuqvm

‚w nu|pqrm }uxp}nm tµn xmtÝq pnsrm uq pq |}zr un uw swtsxuqstzuqvm

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swtsxuqstzuqvm ys}s uw pnm ruw |}zrk ‚w swtsxuqstzuqvm ypuru unvs}

wz|srm sw y}mxunsrm} m ypuru nu} swtsxuqstzuqvm nuxpqrs}zm pnsqrm

rznxmn rp}mn p mv}mn rznymnzvzmn ru swtsxuqstzuqvm yu}tsquqvuk ls

tutm}zs wz|srs sw y}mxunsrm} npuwu vuqu} }µyzrs uwmxzrsr ru sxxunm

yu}m un mwµvzwk‚n tuªm} pns}ws xmtm xsx€ ru rsvmn m xmtm swtsxuqsŽ

tzuqvm vutym}sw ys}s wsn sywzxsxzmqun uq y}mxunm ru uªuxpxz{qk

‚w swtsxuqstzuqvm nuxpqrs}zm uq pq |}zr ypuru nu} pnsrm ru tsquŽ

}sn zqvu}unsqvun ys}s zqx}utuqvs} ws xsysxzrsr™ ws xmtys}vzxz{q ‹ ws

˜sŠzwzrsr ru wmn rsvmnk ls xsysxzrsr ypuru nu} zqx}utuqvsrs pnsqrm

uw swtsxuqstzuqvm ru s}zsn tµ’pzqsn xmq pq nznvuts ru ˜xu}mn pqzŽ

˜xsrmk …srs ˜xu}m zqrzzrpsw m Šsnu ru Šsvmn ypuru sŠs}xs} s}zmn

rznymnzvzmn ru swtsxuqstzuqvm ‹ tµ’pzqsn™ uwztzqsqrm wsn }unv}zxxzmŽ

qun ru vsts¹m tµƒztm ’pu npuwuq ztymqu} wmn nznvutsn ru ˜xu}mn ru

wmnnznvutsn myu}svzmnk‡q nznvuts pqz˜xsrm ru ˜xu}mn ypuru y}muu}

vstŠz€q ru pq unysxzm ru qmtŠ}un pqzom}tu ys}s uw swtsxuqstzuqvm

ruw |}zrk ¢u pqs tsqu}s nztzws}™pq nmov¥s}u unyuxzsw ru Šsnun ru rsvmn

ypuru pqz} s}zsn Šsnun ru rsvmn zqrzzrpswun ys}s om}ts} pqs ts‹m}™

‹ ru tµn oµxzw xmty}uqnz{q™ yprzuqrm sxxuru} s uwws pnsqrm opqxzmqun

ru Jêžèî ru ws Šsnu ru rsvmnk

·znvutsn ru ˜xu}mn tµn ssqŒsrmn yu}tzvuq ws rpywzxsxz{q ru rsvmn™

ys}s sptuqvs} ws ˜sŠzwzrsr ym} turzm ru ws }urpqrsqxzsk ‡q ywsqzŽ

˜xsrm} zqvuwz|uqvu ypuru nuwuxxzmqs} uw rznymnzvzm ru swtsxuqstzuqvm

sy}myzsrm ys}s wmn rsvmnk n© wsn vs}usn ypuruq nu} ywsqz˜xsrsn uq wsn

tµ’pzqsnrz}uxvstuqvu xmquxvsrsn s wmnrznymnzvzmn ru swtsxuqstzuqŽ

vm ’pu |ps}rsq wmn rsvmn ’pu rzxs vs}us s s pvzwzŒs}k

‚w nznvuts ru ˜xu}mn ru pq |}zr vstŠz€q ypuru ztywutuqvs} t€vmŽ

rmn ys}s ’pu wmn rsvmn ypursq nu} }uxpyu}srmn xmq tµn ˜sŠzwzrsr sqvu

xzu}vmn vzymn ru oswwmnk

…mtpqzxsxzmqun

‚w }µyzrm x}uxztzuqvm ru ws xsysxzrsr ru xmtpqzxsxz{q uqv}u tµ’pzŽ

qsn m‹ uq r©s sxu ru |}zr y}µxvzxs ys}s ws xmtypvsxz{q™ xmtys}srm

xmq uw wztzvsrm sqxm ru Šsqrs rznymqzŠwu xpsqrm utyuŒ{ s utu}|u}

uw y}mxunstzuqvm rznv}zŠpzrmk †m} unm™ qm nm}y}uqru ’pu mv}m ztym}Ž

vsqvu }uxp}nm ru pq |}zr nus ws xsysxzrsr ru xmtpqzxsxz{q ru rsvmnk

‚nvm zqxwp‹u xmtpqzxsxz{q zqvu}qs ‹ uƒvu}qs sw |}zrk lsn xmtpqzxsxzmŽ

qun ruqv}m ruw |}zr nmq ztym}vsqvun ys}s uw uq©m ru vs}usn ‹ wmn rsvmn

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|}sq xsqvzrsr ru rsvmn ys}s nu} y}mxunsrmn ‹ ypuru ’pu unvmn qm }unzŽ

rsq uq ws tµ’pzqs uq ws ’pu nu unvs uªuxpvsqrm rzxs vs}usk ‚w sqxm

ru Šsqrs rznymqzŠwu ys}s unsn xmtpqzxsxzmqun unpq }uxp}nm x}pxzsw ’pu

ypuru wztzvs} ws pvzwzŒsxz{q ruw |}zrk

ls xmtpqzxsxz{q uƒvu}qs ypuru nu} ztym}vsqvu™ ym} uªutywm™ nz runusŽ

tmn xmqnv}pz} pq tmvm} ru ŠÝn’pursk lsn tµ’pzqsn ruw |}zr ypuruq

vuqu} xmquƒzmqun s §qvu}quv srutµn ru wsn xmquƒzmqun zqvu}qsn ruw |}zrk

‚q sw|pqsn mxsnzmqun nu}µq quxuns}zsn }pvsn ru xmtpqzxsxz{q }urpqŽ

rsqvun ys}s pq tuªm} v}svstzuqvm ru ymnzŠwun oswwmn uq ws }ur ‹ uƒxuŽ

nzm v}µ˜xm ru rsvmnk ‡q nznvuts ru |unvz{q ruw |}zr ypuru tmnv}s} ws

vmymwm|©s ru unvs ‹ }unswvs} wmn ymnzŠwun xpuwwmn ru Šmvuwws uq wsn xmtpŽ

qzxsxzmqunk ‚nvs zqom}tsxz{q ypuru nu} pnsrs ys}s ywsqz˜xs} ymnzŠwun

tmru}qzŒsxzmqun ruw s}r¥s}uk

·mov¥s}u ‹ wzxuqxzsn

‚w |}zr ypuru vuqu} zqnvswsrm nmov¥s}u rutsnzsrm xs}m xmtm ys}s nu}

zqnvswsrm uq xsrs tµ’pzqs ruw |}zrk ‡nsqrm pq |}zr™ wsn vs}usn ’pu quŽ

xunzvsq unu nmov¥s}u nmq uqzsrsn s tµ’pzqsn unyux©˜xsn™ yprzuqrm nu}

wsn ’pu vzuquq rzxm nmov¥s}u zqnvswsrmk

w|pqmn xmquqzmn uq wzxuqxzsn ru nmov¥s}u yu}tzvuq ’pu unvu nus zqnŽ

vswsrm uq vmrsn wsn tµ’pzqsn ru pq |}zr™ yu}m wztzvs uw qÝtu}m ru

tµ’pzqsn ’pu ypuruq pns} rzxm nmov¥s}u nztpwvµqustuqvuk‚w nmov¥sŽ

}u ru |unvz{q ru ws wzxuqxzs qm yu}tzvu ’pu nu unv€q uªuxpvsqrm tµn

xmyzsn ru wsn sxm}rsrsnk

‚’pzystzuqvm unyuxzsw™ xsysxzrsrun™ s}’pzvuxvp}sn™ ymw©vzxsn

lsn ywsvsom}tsn ruw |}zr vuqr}µq sŠzvpswtuqvu rzou}uqvun s}’pzvuxŽ

vp}sn™ nznvutsn myu}svzmn™ rznymnzvzmn™ xsysxzrsrun ‹ u’pzystzuqvmk

…srs pqm ru unvmn uwutuqvmn }uy}unuqvs pq vzym rzou}uqvu ru }uxp}nm

’pu uw |}zr ypuru pns} xmtm x}zvu}zm s ws m}s ru snz|qs} vs}usn s tµŽ

’pzqsnk ºzuqv}sn ’pu xzu}vm nmov¥s}u ypuru unvs} rznymqzŠwu uq s}zsn

s}’pzvuxvp}sn™ mv}m unvs}µ rznu¹srm ys}s nu} uªuxpvsrm uq pq vzym ru

s}r¥s}u ‹ nznvuts myu}svzm uq ys}vzxpws}k‚nvs xpunvz{q vzuqu ’pu nu}

vmtsrs uq xpuqvs s ws m}s ru snz|qs} vs}usn s wmn }uxp}nmn ruw |}zrk

‚q sw|pqmn xsnmn™ uw srtzqznv}srm} ruw |}zr ypuru x}us} pq vzym ru }uŽ

xp}nm s}vz˜xzsw ’pu un pnsrm ym} wmnywsqz˜xsrm}unys}s snz|qs}v}sŠsªmn

ru sxpu}rm s pqs ruvu}tzqsrs ymw©vzxs m s mv}sn }unv}zxxzmqunk

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YZYZ»Z»Z Õag½aÁ È a^Ôcbabc\e½Á

 yuns} ru ’pu s}zmn vzymn ru }uxp}nmn ruw |}zr ypuruq nu} xmtys}vzrmn‹

pnsrmn™qm}tswtuqvu nu sxxuru suwwmnturzsqvu ws uªuxpxz{q ru pqs sywzxsxz{q

m pqs vs}usk Ñm}tswtuqvu pnstmn uw v€}tzqm sywzxsxz{q xmtm uw tµn swvm

qzuw ru pqs ys}vu ru pq v}sŠsªm ruw |}zrk Ñm mŠnvsqvu™ sw|pqsn uxun uw

vu}tzqm vs}us nu pns ru z|psw tsqu}sk lsn sywzxsxzmqun ypuruq nu} rzzrzrsn

uq xzu}vm qÝtu}m ru vs}usn zqrzzrpswunk‚nvsn s np uŒ™ ypuruq nu} rzzrzrsn

uq npŠvs}usnk ls zqrpnv}zs ru |}zr pvzwzŒs mv}mn v€}tzqmn xmtm v}sqnsxxz{q m

pqzrsr ru v}sŠsªm ys}s }uou}z}nu s wm tzntm ’pu pqs vs}usk

lsn vs}usn nmq y}m|}stsn uªuxpvsrmn uq pq ypqvm sy}myzsrm ruw |}zrk

†puruq nu}z} ys}s xswxpws} sw|m™ uªuxpvs} pqm m tµn xmtsqrmn ruw nznvuts™

tmu} m }uxmyzws} rsvmnK ‡qs sywzxsxz{q |}zr ’pu unvµ m}|sqzŒsrs uq vs}usn

npuwu rznu¹s}nu ru vswtsqu}s ’pu rzxsnvs}usn ypursq uªuxpvs}nu uq ys}swuwm

uq rzou}uqvun tµ’pzqsn ruw |}zrk

lsn vs}usn ypuruq vuqu} ruyuqruqxzsn unyux©˜xsn ’pu ypuruq ztyurz} np

uªuxpxz{q ys}swuws uq vmrmn wmn xsnmnk †m} uªutywm™ ypuruq quxunzvs} sw|Ýq

rsvm unyux©˜xm ru uqv}srs ’pu ruŠu nu} xmyzsrm s ws tµ’pzqs uq ws ’pu ws

vs}us nu unvs uªuxpvsqrmkw|pqsn vs}usnypuruq quxunzvs} ws nswzrs y}mrpxzrs

ym} mv}sn vs}usn ‹ qm ypuruq nu} uªuxpvsrsn snvs ’pu unvsn s‹sq vu}tzqsrm

ru uªuxpvs}nuk ‚nvu Lpªm ru v}sŠsªm ypuru x}us} pqs ªu}s}’p©s ru vs}usn ‹

npŠvs}usnk ”zqswtuqvu™wmn }unpwvsrmn ru vmrsn wsn vs}usn ruŠuq nu} }uxm|zrmn

‹ uqnstŠwsrmnruŠzrstuqvu ys}s y}mrpxz} ws }unypunvs ˜qsw ru ws sywzxsxz{qk

YZYZ»ZÇZ <ÔaecMbabcdeN g½Á½gÀa È OP QRSTUVTU

‚w nznvuts ruw |}zr un }unymqnsŠwu ru uqzs} pqs vs}us s pqs tµ’pzqs

ruvu}tzqsrs ys}s nu} uªuxpvsrsk ‚q uw nznvuts tµn nztywu™uw pnps}zm ypuru

nuwuxxzmqs} pqs tµ’pzqs sruxpsrs ys}s uªuxpvs} np vs}us ‹ runyp€n uªuxpvs}

pq xmtsqrm |}zr ’pu uq©s ws vs}us s ws tµ’pzqs nuwuxxzmqsrsk ‚q nznvutsn

|}zr tµn ssqŒsrmn npuwu sŠu} pq ywsqz˜xsrm} ru vs}usn ru sw|Ýq vzym™ ’pu

spvmtµvzxstuqvu uqxpuqv}s ws tµ’pzqs tµn sy}myzsrs ys}s uªuxpvs} xzu}vs

vs}us rsrs ’pu unv€ unyu}sqrm s nu} uªuxpvsrsk lmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un }usxxzmqsq

sqvu ws rznymqzŠzwzrsr }usw ru wmn }uxp}nmn ruw |}zrk ‚w v€}tzqm ywsqz˜xsxz{q

qm ruŠu nu} xmqopqrzrm xmq }unu}s ru }uxp}nmn ys}s tuªm}s} ws xswzrsr ruw

nu}zxzmk

‚q pq nznvuts ru š› œžŸ ¡Ÿ  ruw |}zr™ xpsw’pzu} tµ’pzqs ’pu ysnu s pq

j~

ruw |}zrk ‚nvu qmrm ru |unvz{q snz|qs}µ s unvs tµ’pzqs zqsxvzs ws nz|pzuqvu

vs}us nsvznouxs xmq wmn }uxp}nmn ru rzxs tµ’pzqsk ‚w š› œžŸ ¡Ÿ  npuwu ztŽ

ywutuqvs}nu ru vsw tmrm ’pu qm zqvu}˜u}s uq uw pnm qm}tsw ru ws tµ’pzqsk·z

ws tµ’pzqs unvµ mxpysrs xmq v}sŠsªm wmxsw qm yu}vuquxzuqvu sw |}zr™ wsn vsŽ

}usn yu}vuquxzuqvun sw |}zr npuwuq nu}npnyuqrzrsnm }uv}snsrsnk‚nvs nzvpsxz{q

sxu ’pu nus rzo©xzw y}uruxz} uw vzutym ru ˜qswzŒsxz{q ru wsn vs}usn |}zrk

†s}s x}us} pq xmtym}vstzuqvm tµn y}uznzŠwu™ wsn tµ’pzqsn ruw |}zr npuŽ

wuq unvs} rurzxsrsn uq uƒxwpnzs sw |}zrk ‚nvm yu}tzvu s wmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un

xswxpws} uw vzutym sy}mƒztsrm ru ˜qswzŒsxz{q ru pqs nu}zu ru vs}usn™ xpsqrm

npn xs}sxvu}©nvzxsn ru uªuxpxz{q nmq xmqmxzrsnk

lmn }uxp}nmn ruw |}zr ypuruq nu} }unu}srmn xmq sqvuwsxz{q ys}s pqs nu}zu

ru vs}usn uq xmqx}uvmk ‚nvm nu sxu ys}s |s}sqvzŒs} xswzrsr uq uw nu}zxzmk ls

ywsqz˜xsxz{q ‹ws}unu}s nmq nuqxzwwsnxpsqrm nmwm unvµ zqmwpx}srm pq vzym ru

}uxp}nm™qm}tswtuqvu …†‡k·zq utŠs}|m™nu ypuruq xmqnu|pz}myvztzŒsxzmqun

ys}s vuqu} uq xpuqvs tµn vzymn ru }uxp}nmn s ws m}s ru ws ywsqz˜xsxz{q ‹

ws }unu}sk †m} uªutywm™ nu}©s runusŠwu snz|qs} vs}usn s wsn tµ’pzqsn tµn

xu}xsqsn s wmn rsvmn ’pu unvsn vs}usn sq s pvzwzŒs}k ‚nvm }urpxz}©s uw v}µ˜xm

uq ws }ur ‹ ymnzŠwutuqvu wmn w©tzvunru unxswsŠzwzrsrkls ywsqz˜xsxz{q {yvzts™

xmqnzru}sqrm tÝwvzywun}uxp}nmn un pq y}mŠwuts tsvutµvzxm xmtywzxsrmk†m}

unm sw|pqmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un pvzwzŒsq up}©nvzxsn ys}s tuªm}s} ws y}mŠsŠzwzrsr

ru uqxmqv}s} ws tuªm} xmtŠzqsxz{q ru ywsqz˜xsxz{q ‹ }unu}sk

YZYZ»ZÂZ W½ ce`ga?gch a ce`½g?gch

ás sŠzrm zqvuqvmn ru om}tpws}pqs ru˜qzxz{q y}uxzns ru wm ’pu un pq |}zrk

‚q }uswzrsr™ uw xmqxuyvm ru xmtypvsxz{q |}zr vmrs©s unvµ runs}}mwwµqrmnu

‹ ws ts‹m}©s ru wmn zqvuqvmn ru ru˜qz}wm y}uxznstuqvu sxsŠsq uƒxwp‹uqrm

ztywutuqvsxzmqun ’pu tpxmn xmqnzru}s}©sq ’pu nmq |}zrnk

lsn |}zrn ypuruq nu} xmqnv}pzrsn ru vmrmn wmn vsts¹mn™ runru pqsn ymŽ

xsn tµ’pzqsn uq pq ruys}vstuqvm snvs |}pymn ru tµ’pzqsn m}|sqzŒsrsn

ªu}µ}’pzxstuqvu sw}ururm} ru vmrm uw tpqrmk’p© stmn s runx}zŠz} sw|pqmn

uªutywm uq unvu }sq|m ru vmymwm|©sn ru nznvutsn |}zrk

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”z|p}s jkj¦ ¶}zr nuqxzwwm xmqnznvuqvu uq pqsn ymxsn tµ’pzqsn

…mtm nu ypuru u} uq ws ˜|p}s™uw |}zr tµn nztywu xmqnznvu uq pqsn ymxsn

tµ’pzqsn™ vmrsn xmq ws tznts s}’pzvuxvp}s ‹ uw tzntm nznvuts myu}svzm™

xmquxvsrsn s pqs }ur wmxswk ‚nvu vzym ru |}zr pns nznvutsn mtm|€qumn xmq

wm xpsw sxu oswvs vuqu} uq xpuqvs ymxsn xmqnzru}sxzmqun™‹ ypuru pns}nu ys}s

uƒyu}ztuqvs} xmq nmov¥s}u |}zrklsn tµ’pzqsn npuwuq unvs} xmquxvsrsn uq pq

ruys}vstuqvm ru pqs m}|sqzŒsxz{q ‹ np pnm xmtm |}zr ypuru qm }u’pu}z} ru

ymw©vzxsn unyuxzswunk …mtm wsn tµ’pzqsnvzuquq ws tznts s}’pzvuxvp}s ‹ nznvuŽ

ts myu}svzm™ uwu|z} nmov¥s}u ys}s unvsn tµ’pzqsn npuwu nu} nztywukw|pqsn

yu}nmqsn wwsts}©sq s unvm xwÝnvu} sqvun ’pu |}zrk

‚w nz|pzuqvu ysnm nu}©s zqxwpz} tµ’pzqsn uvu}m|€qusnk ‚q unvs xmq˜|p}sŽ

xz{q s‹ tµn vzymn ru }uxp}nmn rznymqzŠwunk ‚w nznvuts |}zr y}mŠsŠwutuqvu

zqxwp‹s sw|pqmn xmtymquqvun ru ywsqz˜xsxz{qk –stŠz€q ruŠu}©s xmqnu|pz}Ž

nu ws xmtys}vzxz{q ru ˜xu}mn pnsqrm nznvutsn ru ˜xu}mn rznv}zŠpzrmnk lsn

tµ’pzqsn ’pu ys}vzxzysq uq unvu vzym ru |}zr ypuruq nu} ru rzou}uqvun ruŽ

ys}vstuqvmn™ yu}m ruqv}m ru pqs tznts m}|sqzŒsxz{qk ‚nm nu xmqmxu xmtm

zqv}s|}zrk

w uƒysqrz}nu uw |}zr s s}zmn ruys}vstuqvmn™ nu ruŠuq pns} ymw©vzxsn

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ym} wsn vs}usn ’pu nu uªuxpvsq uq mv}m ruys}vstuqvmk

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p mv}sn vuxqmwm|©sn ys}s xmquxvs} wsn rznvzqvsn ys}vun ru ws m}|sqzŒsxz{qk ls

ztym}vsqxzs ru ws nu|p}zrsr zqx}utuqvs pqs uŒ ’pu nu v}snysnsq wmn w©tzvun

ru pqs ruvu}tzqsrs zqo}sunv}pxvp}sk ‚w |}zr ypuru x}uxu} ys}s ªu}s}’pzŒs}nu

‹ sn© }urpxz} uw xmqv}mw xuqv}sw™ zqx}utuqvsqrm ws unxswsŠzwzrsrk

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uzvs} svs’pun ‹ unyzmqsªuk

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„„

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’pu nz Šzuq pqmn ymxmn y}m|}stsrm}un ypuruq zqnvsws} pq |}zr uq np vzutym

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YZYZÇZYZ YZQTTVTU h½ h½Áagg\ÔÔ\

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npn xs}sxvu}©nvzxsn ypuruq souxvs} s wsn ruxznzmqun ru uwuxxz{q ‹ xmq˜|p}sxz{q

ruw s}r¥s}u ‹ ws xmquxvzzrsr ru wmn rsvmnk

·u|p}zrsr

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tsqvuqztzuqvm ru pq |}zr ’pu uq uw y}mxunstzuqvm rznv}zŠpzrm xmquqŽ

xzmqsw™ rmqru ws xmtys}vzxz{q ru rsvmn xmty}uqru ws ts‹m}©s ru ws

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}z|p}mnstuqvuk

Å}|sqzŒsxz{q

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ys}vstuqvmn™ xmq uw ˜q ru y}mvu|u} npn }uxp}nmn ys}s zqx}utuqvs} ws

y}mŠsŠzwzrsr ru €ƒzvmk ·zq utŠs}|m™ pqs ts‹m} rznv}zŠpxz{q ru }uxp}Ž

nmn ypuru Šuqu˜xzs} s vmrs ws m}|sqzŒsxz{qk ºµn sÝq™ ws xmtys}vzxz{q

ru }uxp}nmn turzsqvu pq |}zr mo}uxu ws xsysxzrsr ru }uys}vz}wmn rzqµtzŽ

„‰

ru y}zm}zrsrunk n©™ nu}µ tµn nuqxzwwm }usxxzmqs} ‹ }uxp}nmn rmqru nu

uqxpuqv}u uw unxuqs}zm xmq ts‹m} y}zm}zrsrk

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rsn sqvun ru rznu¹s} ws s}’pzvuxvp}s ruw |}zr

…mtymquqvun ru |unvz{q

…psw’pzu} nznvuts |}zr vzuqu sw|pqmn xmtymquqvun ru |unvz{qk ás‹ pq

xmtymquqvu ’pu xmqv}mws wmn}uxp}nmn rznymqzŠwunruw |}zr ‹ wmnpnps}zmn

tzutŠ}mn ruw |}zrk †m} mv}s ys}vu™ s‹ xmtymquqvun ru turzxz{q ’pu

ruvu}tzqsq vsqvm ws xsysxzrsr ru wmn qmrmn ruw |}zr xmtm np |}srm ru

pvzwzŒsxz{q uq pq ruvu}tzqsrm zqnvsqvuk ls zqom}tsxz{q rupuwvs ym}

wmn rmn t{rpwmn sqvu}zm}un nu pns ys}s ywsqz˜xs} wsn vs}usn uq uw |}zrk

–stŠz€q nu pns}µ rzxs zqom}tsxz{q ys}s ruvu}tzqs} ws nswpr ruw |}zr™

swu}vsqrm ru y}mŠwutsnxmtm sys|mqun‹ xmq|unvzmqun™‹™srutµn™ys}s

|uqu}s} ysv}mqun ru pnm |uqu}swun‹ unvsr©nvzxsn™sn©xmtm ys}s }u|znv}s}

‹ xpsqvz˜xs} uw pnm ru wmn }uxp}nmn ruw |}zrk –u}xu}m™ uw nmov¥s}u ru

|unvz{q ru |}zr tµn ssqŒsrm ypuru |unvzmqs}spvmtµvzxstuqvu tpxmn

snyuxvmn ruw |}zrk ‚nvu nmov¥s}u ypuru }uxpyu}s} ru rznvzqvmn vzymn ru

oswwmn ruw |}zrk

·mov¥s}u ru uq©m

Ñm}tswtuqvu xpsw’pzu} tµ’pzqs ruw |}zr ypuru nu} pnsrs ys}s uqzs}

vs}usn sw |}zrk ·zq utŠs}|m uq sw|pqmn nznvutsn |}zr™ unvs opqxz{q un

ztywutuqvsrs xmtm pq xmtymquqvu nuys}srm™ zqnvswsrm uq wmn qmrmn

ru uq©m™ m xwzuqvun ru uq©mk

¶unvz{q rznv}zŠpzrs ru |}zr

‚q wmn |}zrn tµn |}sqrun uw v}sŠsªm }uwsxzmqsrm xmq ws |unvz{q ruw |}zr

unvµ rznv}zŠpzrmk ¢mvs} sw |}zr ru unv}pxvp}s ªu}µ}’pzxs zqLpz}µ ymnzŽ

vzstuqvu uq np unxswsŠzwzrsrk ¸stmn s xmtuqvs} rmn uªutywmn ys}s

uªutywz˜xs} wm sqvu}zm}tuqvu uƒypunvmk ‡q ywsqz˜xsrm} xuqv}sw qm ywsŽ

qz˜xs}µ uw uq©m ru pqs vs}us s ws tµ’pzqs ’pu ws s s uªuxpvs}™ nz qm

’pu uq©s ws vs}us s pq ywsqz˜xsrm} ru tµn Šsªm qzuw™ ’pu |unvzmqs

pq xmqªpqvm ruvu}tzqsrm ru tµ’pzqsn™ ys}s ’pu nu uqxs}|pu ruw uq©m

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unvµ rznv}zŠpzrsklmn xwpnvu}n ru tuqm} qzuw }uxm|uq ws zqom}tsxz{q ru

wsn tµ’pzqsn zqrzzrpswun ‹ ws uq©sq s qzuwun ts‹m}un ru ws ªu}s}’p©s

†wsqz˜xsrm}un

ls ts‹m}©s ru wmnnznvutsn |}zr zqxwp‹uq sw|Ýq vzym ru nmov¥s}u ru ywsŽ

qz˜xsxz{qk ‚nvu nmov¥s}u wmxswzŒs pqs tµ’pzqs uq ws ’pu uªuxpvs} pqs

vs}us ’pu s nzrm uqzsrs ym} pq pnps}zmk ‚q wmn |}zrn tµn nztywun nu

ypuru snz|qs} s xzu|sn ws vs}us™nz|pzuqrm pq sw|m}zvtm ru èðêŸëBèð顟ô

uqzµqrmws s ws nz|pzuqvu tµ’pzqs ’pu xptyws vmrmn wmn }u’pznzvmn ru

}uxp}nmnk ·zq utŠs}|m™ uƒznvuq uqvsªsn sw pns} pq ywsqz˜xsrm} tµn

ssqŒsrmkw|pqmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un ztywutuqvsq pq nznvuts ru y}zm}zrsr

ru vs}usnk‚nvm nu sxu pnsqrm s}zsn xmwsn ru vs}usn™xsrs pqs xmq pqs

y}zm}zrsr rzou}uqvuk  turzrs ’pu wsn tµ’pzqsn ruw |}zr sq ’pursqŽ

rm wzŠ}un ys}s uªuxpvs} vs}usn™ €nvsn nu unxm|uq y}ztu}m ru wsn xmwsn ru

ts‹m} y}zm}zrsrk ás‹ ztywutuqvsrsn ymw©vzxsn ru s}zmn vzymn pnsqrm

ywsqz˜xsrm}unklsn ymw©vzxsnypuruq zqxwpz}s}zmn vzymn ru }unv}zxxzmqun

nmŠ}u wsn vs}usn™ wmn pnps}zmn ‹ wmn }uxp}nmnk †m} uªutywm™ ypuru sŠu}

pqs ymw©vzxs ’pu }unv}zqªs uªuxpvs} vs}usn uq xzu}vmn tmtuqvmn ruw r©sk

Åv}s uqvsªs un ’pu wmn ywsqz˜xsrm}unnpuwuq }usxxzmqs} zqturzsvstuqŽ

vu s ws xs}|s ru v}sŠsªm uƒznvuqvu uq uw |}zrk ‡nsq zqom}tsxz{q nmŠ}u

ws pvzwzŒsxz{q sxvpsw ru wsn tµ’pzqsn ys}s ruvu}tzqs} xpµwun qm unvµq

mxpysrsn sqvun ru uqzs} pqs vs}usk

lmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un tµn ssqŒsrmn xmqv}mws}µq uw y}m|}unm ru wsn vs}usn

ywsqz˜xsrsn™ |unvzmqsqrm uw Lp ªm |uqu}sw ru v}sŠsªmk ·z wsn vs}usn nu

yzu}ruq ruŠzrm s sys|mqun uq uw nznvuts m uq ws }ur™ pq Špuq ywsqz˜Ž

xsrm} }uuqzs}µ spvmtµvzxstuqvu wsn vs}usnk·zq utŠs}|m™nz pqs vs}us

ys}uxu sŠu}xs©rm uq pq Špxwu zq˜qzvm ‹ npyu}s np ç¡óžðêç™rzxs vs}us

qm ruŠu nu} }uywsqz˜xsrsk

ls mŠvuqxz{q ru }uxp}nmn ruw |}zr nu }uswzŒs turzsqvu pq nznvuts ru

}unu}snk ‚n tµn ’pu pq ywsqz˜xsrm}™ un pq xswuqrs}zm ys}s }unu}s}

}uxp}nmn ys}s ruvu}tzqsrmn zqvu}swmn ru vzutym™‹ uzvs} ’pu mv}mn }uŽ

nu}uq wmn tzntmn }uxp}nmn ys}s uw tzntm vzutymk–stŠz€q nu uqxs}|s

ru uwztzqs}m npnyuqru} vs}usn ’pu unv€q uªuxpvµqrmnu uq pqs tµ’pzqs

pqs uŒ ’pu nu s swxsqŒsrm uw vzutym ru }unu}sk

…mtpqzxsxzmqun

‡q nznvuts |}zr ypuru zqxwpz} nmov¥s}u ys}s s‹prs} s wsn vs}usn s xmŽ

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ypuru rzzrz}nu uq pq stywzm qÝtu}m ru šêéçœèž œš™ nzuqrm xsrs pqs ru

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}zvtm pvzwzŒsrm ym} ws sywzxsxz{q ypuru ’pu quxunzvu ’pu wsn šêéçœèž œš

nu xmtpqz’puq uqv}u n©™ un ruxz}™ quxunzvsq wmxswzŒs} s mv}sn šêéçœèž œš

unyux©˜xsn™ unvsŠwuxu} pqs xmtpqzxsxz{q xmq uwwsn ‹ uqzs} wmn rsvmn

sy}myzsrmnk‚n ym} unvm ’pu uw unvµqrs} º†§ ‹ mv}sn s}zsxzmqun npuwuq

unvs} zqxwpzrmn uq uw nznvuts |}zrk

Ŋnu}sxz{q™ |unvz{q ‹ turzrsn

áutmn tuqxzmqsrm sqvun ’pu wmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un }usxxzmqsq s wsn xs}Ž

|sn sxvpswun ruw |}zrk Ñm}tswtuqvu uw nmov¥s}u zqxwp‹u u}}stzuqvsn

’pu tzruq ws xs}|s ‹ sxvzzrsr sxvpswun ru pqs ruvu}tzqsrs tµ’pzqs

pnsqrm pvzwzrsrun ruw nznvuts myu}svzm m ym} turzrs rz}uxvsk‚nvu nmovŽ

¥s}u nu npuwu ruqmtzqs} nuqnm} ru xs}|sk¢zxs zqom}tsxz{q ru turzrs

un Ývzwqm n{wm ys}s ywsqz˜xsxz{q™nzqm ys}s runxpŠ}z}ysv}mqun|uqu}swun

ru pnm ruw |}zrklsnunvsr©nvzxsnypuruq tmnv}s}vuqruqxzsn ’pu ypuruq

ruwsvs} ws quxunzrsr ru s}r¥s}u srzxzmqswk lsn turzrsn ypuruq vstŽ

Šz€q |ps}rs}nu ys}s xpsqvz˜xsxz{q™m ys}s |unvzmqs}wsny}zm}zrsruntµn

sruxpsrstuqvuk rutµn ws zqom}tsxz{q ypuru nu} tmnv}srs ru s}zsn

om}tsn ys}s znpswzŒs} tuªm} uw pnm ‹ ws sxvzzrsr ruw |}zr

\ ]H+ %$* 1).%^ #$)H#$(-._' %$* !H!').+

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‚w pnps}zm y}ztu}m nu rs ru swvs xmtm pnps}zm ru |}zr™ ‹ runyp€n zqnvsŽ

ws uw nmov¥s}u ’pu nu wu nptzqznv}s uq np y}myzs tµ’pzqsk –stŠz€q ypuru™

myxzmqswtuqvu™ rs} ru swvs s np tµ’pzqs xmtm xmqv}zŠp‹uqvu sw |}zrk

¢s}nu ru swvs uq uw |}zr ypuru }u’pu}z} spvuqvz˜xsxz{q ym} }sŒmqun ru

nu|p}zrsrk ‚w pnps}zm nu zruqvz˜xs turzsqvu pqs pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{qk

ls }unymqnsŠzwzrsr ru tsqvuqu} npn x}uruqxzswun |}zr nu|p}sn }uxsu uq uw

y}myzm pnps}zmk

‡qs uŒ ’pu vsqvm pnps}zm xmtm tµ’pzqs unvµq zruqvz˜xsrmn™ nu wu y}mŽ

ym}xzmqs sw pnps}zm uw nmov¥s}u ru |}zr™ ys}s ’pu wm zqnvswu uq np tµ’pzqs

xmq uw y}my{nzvm ru pns} uw |}zr™ sn© xmtm ru xmqv}zŠpz} s €nvuk ‚nvu nmov¥s}u

ypuru nu} y}uxmq˜|p}srm spvmtµvzxstuqvu ym} uw nznvuts ru |unvz{q ruw |}zr

ys}s xmqmxu} wsn rz}uxxzmqun ru wmnqmrmn ru |unvz{q ruw |}zr™‹ ws zqom}tsxz{q

„“

YZYZ ÂZ»Z a½?cÁ`g\ ½e ½Ô ?gch

†s}s pns} uw |}zr™ ws ts‹m}©s ru wmn nznvutsn quxunzvsq ’pu uw pnps}zm nu

}u|znv}u uq pq nznvuts pnsqrm uw §¢ ru pnps}zm ’pu unvs rsrm ru swvs uq uw

|}zrk Åv}mn nznvutsn |}zr ypuruq vuqu} np y}myzm wm|zq™ rzou}uqvu ruw ’pu s©

uq uw nznvuts myu}svzmk ‚w wm|zq ru |}zr un tµn sy}myzsrm ys}s pnps}zmnk

‡qs uŒ }u|znv}srm™ uw pnps}zm ypuru pns} uw |}zr ‹ uqzs} vs}usnk w|pŽ

qsn ztywutuqvsxzmqun ru |}zr yu}tzvuq sw|pqsn opqxzmqun ru ŠÝn’purs nz uw

pnps}zm qm unvµ }u|znv}srm u zqxwpnm nz qm unvµ rsrm ru swvs uq uw |}zrk

YZYZ ÂZÇZ [\eÁ_Ô`aÁ È ½eÀb\ h½ `ga¾ac\Á

‚w pnps}zm qm}tswtuqvu ’pu}}µ sxu} sw|pqsn xmqnpwvsn ys}s xmty}mŠs}

xmtm ru mxpysrs unvs uw |}zr™ ys}s u} xmtm y}m|}unsq wsn vs}usn ’pu s

uqzsrm™‹ ys}s Špnxs} }uxp}nmn uq uw |}zrklmn nznvutsn |}zr npuwuq v}su} pqs

w©qus ru xmtsqrmn ‹ snvs zqvu}osxun |}µ˜xsn ru pnps}zm ys}s xmqnpwvsnk lsn

u}}stzuqvsn ru ws w©qus ru xmtsqrmn nmq tp‹ Ývzwun uq uw xsnm uq ’pu uw

pnps}zm ’pzu}s unx}zŠz} pqs š›è¡ñç ys}s }uswzŒs} pqs nuxpuqxzs ru sxxzmqunk

‚w uq©m ru vs}usn npuwu xmqnvs} ru v}un ys}vun™ spq’pu nu }uswzxu xmq pq

Ýqzxm xmtsqrmk†}ztu}m™sw|pqmnrsvmn ru uqv}srs ‹ ymnzŠwutuqvu uw y}m|}sŽ

tsuªuxpvsŠwu m ws nx}zyvru uªuxpxz{q nu uq©sq s ws tµ’pzqs’pu s s uªuxpvs}

ws vs}usk lmn rsvmn ‹ wmn ˜xu}mn ru y}m|}sts ypuruq nu} y}uzqnvswsrmn uq

wsntµ’pzqsn ruw |}zr m sxxurzrmn turzsqvu nznvutsn ru ˜xu}mn rznv}zŠpzrmnk

w|pqsn vuxqmwm|©sn |}zr quxunzvsq ’pu uw y}m|}sts ‹ wmn rsvmn ru uqv}srs

nusq y}mxunsrmn y}ztu}m ru sw|Ýq tmrm ym}uw nznvuts |}zr Í¥}syyzq|Ðk‚nvm

nu sxu ys}s sptuqvs} ws y}mvuxxz{q ru ws uªuxpxz{q m nztywutuqvu ys}s pqz}

vmrmn wmn ˜xu}mn ru rsvmn uq pqmk

·u|pqrm™ ws vs}us un uªuxpvsrs uq ws tµ’pzqs |}zrk ‚w nmov¥s}u |}zr }uŽ

nzruqvu uq ws tµ’pzqs uªuxpvs uw y}m|}sts uq pq y}mxunm uq qmtŠ}u ruw

pnps}zmk †puru pns} pqs §¢ ru pnps}zm ru ws tµ’pzqs m np y}myzs §¢ ru

pnps}zm™ruyuqrzuqrm ru ws vuxqmwm|©s ’pu nu unv€ pnsqrmk

–u}xu}m™wmn}unpwvsrmnru ws vs}us nu rupuwuq s ws tµ’pzqs ’pu ws uqz{k

‚q sw|pqsn ztywutuqvsxzmqun™ wmn }unpwvsrmn zqvu}turzmn ypuruq nu} znvmn

ym} uw pnps}zm ’pu uqz{ uw v}sŠsªmk

lsn nx}zyvn nmq vstŠz€q tp‹ Ývzwun s ws m}s ru uqzs} wmvun ru vs}usnk

w|pqmn y}mŠwutsn ru xµwxpwm xmqnznvuq uq ws ŠÝn’purs ru wmn }unpwvsrmn ruŽ

nusrmnys}vzuqrm ru xzu}vsnuqv}srsnk‚w mŠªuvzm unuqxmqv}s}’pu ys}µtuv}mn

„•

uqv}srs™ nu uªuxpvs pqs vs}us rznvzqvs ys}s mŠvuqu} uw }unpwvsrm ys}s unu sŽ

wm}k ls sywzxsxz{q xmqnznvu uq s}zsn vs}usn ’pu uƒywm}sq wmn }unpwvsrmn ys}s

tpxmn xmqªpqvmn ru ys}µtuv}mn ru uqv}srs rznvzqvmnk lsn nx}zyvn nu npuwuq

pns} ys}s wsqŒs} wsn rzou}uqvun npŠvs}usn™ xsrs pqs ru wsn xpswun }uxzŠu np

y}myzm xmqªpqvm ru swm}un ys}s wmn ys}µtuv}mnk

…psqrm s‹ pq qÝtu}m stywzm ru npŠvs}usn™ uw v}sŠsªm }u’pu}zrm ys}s

}uxm|u} wmn }unpwvsrmn ‹ y}mrpxz} uw }unpwvsrm ˜qsw npuwu }uswzŒs}wm pq Ýqzxm

y}m|}sts™ ’pu npuwu uªuxpvs}nu uq ws tµ’pzqs ’pu uqz{ ws vs}usk ·z s‹

tpxsn npŠvs}usn quxuns}zsn ys}s pqs sywzxsxz{q™ uw v}sŠsªm ru }uxm|u} wmn

}unpwvsrmn ruŠu nu} vstŠz€q rznv}zŠpzrmk

YZYZ ÂZÂZ [\eM?_gabcde h½ ha`\Á

lmn rsvmn s wmn’pu sxxuruq wsn vs}usnruw |}zr ypuruq nztywutuqvu uqv}s}

‹ nswz} ruw nznvuts |}zrk·zq utŠs}|m™ ruyuqrzuqrm ruw vsts¹m ru unvmn ‹ ruw

qÝtu}m ru vs}usn™unvm ypuru sptuqvs}xmqnzru}sŠwutuqvu uwv}µ˜xm ru rsvmnk

†m} unm™ nu zqvuqvs uouxvps} uw tuqm} tmztzuqvm ru rsvmn ymnzŠwuk

·z pŠzu}s tpxsn npŠvs}usn uªuxpvµqrmnu uq ws ts‹m}©s ru wmn nznvutsn

|}zr™ ‹ rzxsn npŠvs}usn opu}sq ru pqs sywzxsxz{q ’pu nu uªuxpvs}µ }uyuvzŽ

rstuqvu™ wmn rsvmn ’pu pnsq ypuruq nu} xmyzsrmn s xsrs tµ’pzqs ‹ }unzrz}

uq uwws snvs ws y}{ƒzts uªuxpxz{qk ‚nvs myxz{q un tuªm} ’pu pns} pq nznvuŽ

ts ru ˜xu}mn rznv}zŠpzrm ys}s xmtys}vz} unmn rsvmn™ ym}’pu sn© uzvstmn uw

tmztzuqvm ru rsvmnk

YZYZ ÂZ×Z [\e`g\Ô h½Ô ^g\?g½Á\ È g½b_^½gabcde

‚wpnps}zm ypuru xmqnpwvs} swnznvuts |}zr ‹ u} xmtm y}m|}unsq np sywzxsŽ

xz{q ‹ npn npŠvs}usnk…psqrm uw qÝtu}m ru npŠvs}usn un|}sqru™}unpwvs rzo©xzw

u} ws wznvs ru vmrsn uq pqs uqvsqs |}µ˜xsk ‚q uŒ ru unm™ypuru sŠu} nztŽ

ywutuqvu pqs Šs}}s ru y}m|}unmk n© }unpwvs tp‹ rzo©xzw ys}s uw pnps}zm u}

nz pqs npŠvs}us uq ys}vzxpws} qm nu unvµ uªuxpvsqrm sruxpsrstuqvuk

‡q nznvuts |}zr™ ªpqvm s np ywsqz˜xsrm} ru vs}usn™ npuwu y}mym}xzmqs}

xzu}vs xsysxzrsr ru }uxpyu}sxz{q ru wsn vs}usn ’pu oswwsnk ‡qs vs}us ypuru

oswws} ruŠzrm s¦

‚}}m}un ru y}m|}stsxz{q¦ uw v}sŠsªm ys}s ruŠzrm s pq oswwm uq uw y}mŽ

|}stsk

„—

”swwmru s}r¥s}u m ru swztuqvsxz{q¦wsntµ’pzqsnm rznymnzvzsnpnsrmn

ys}sq ru v}sŠsªs} ru }uyuqvuk

§qvu}}pyxz{q uq wsnxmtpqzxsxzmqun¦ws }pvs ru xmtpqzxsxz{q oswws m unvµ

nsvp}srs ym} v}µ˜xm ru mv}mn rsvmnk

‡qs wuqvzvpr uƒxunzs y}mmxsrs ym} pq Špxwu zq˜qzvm m ym} pqs vs}us

xmq ts‹m} y}zm}zrsrk

Ñm nzuty}u un ymnzŠwu ruvu}tzqs} spvmtµvzxstuqvu nz ws }sŒ{q ym} ws ’pu

pqs vs}us oswws nu ruŠu s pq y}mŠwuts xmq uw rznu¹m ru ws sywzxsxz{q m ym}

oswwmn uq ws zqo}sunv}pxvp}s ruw nznvuts |}zrk lmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un npuwuq unvs}

rznu¹srmn ys}s xwsnz˜xs} wmn oswwmn uq wsn vs}usn ru sw|Ýq tmrm ‹ }uuqzs}

spvmtµvzxstuqvu wsn vs}usn ’pu ys}uxu ’pu ypuruq xmtywuvs}nuk ‚q sw|pqmn

nznvutsn™ uw xmqv}mw ruw }uuq©m ’purs uq tsqmn ruw pnps}zmk

YZYZ ÂZËZ a½Á½gÀa h½ g½b_gÁ\Á

†s}s tuªm}s}ws xswzrsr ruw nu}zxzm™uw pnps}zm ypuru m}|sqzŒs}ws }unu}s

ru pqs nu}zu ru tµ’pzqsn ys}s uw opvp}m™ ys}s np pnm uƒxwpnzm ‹ y}zm}zvs}zmk

‚q pq nznvuts|}zrxmq nxsuq|zq|™ypuru qm nu}ymnzŠwu }unu}s}tµ’pzqsn

unyux©˜xsn xmq sqvuwsxz{qk ‚q wp|s} ru unvm™ wmn nznvutsn ru |unvz{q ru |}zr

ypuruq snz|qs} |}sq ys}vu ru np xsysxzrsr s pqs }unu}s ruvu}tzqsrs™ys}s

sys}uqvs} ’pu npn }uxp}nmn qm unvµq rznymqzŠwunk‚nvm ruŠu sxu}nu ªpqvm xmq

wsn u}}stzuqvsn ’pu xmqv}mwsq ws xsysxzrsr ru xs}|s ruw |}zr ys}s vuqu}

unvsr©nvzxsn ˜sŠwun sxu}xs ru ws xsysxzrsr ruw |}zr ys}s sxu} o}uqvu s ws

}unu}sk

d ]H+ %$* 1).%^ #$)H#$(-._' %$* '%,.0.H-)'%+)

YZYZ×ZYZ <Ôaeece?

‚w srtzqznv}srm} ruŠu xmqmxu} wm ’pu ws m}|sqzŒsxz{q s s }u’pu}z} ruw

|}zr ys}s uwu|z}ru wstuªm} tsqu}s ymnzŠwu wsn vuxqmwm|©sn|}zr ’pu nsvznos|sq

rzxmn }u’pznzvmnklsnnz|pzuqvun nuxxzmqun runx}zŠuq Š}uutuqvu wmnysnmn ’pu

ruŠu nu|pz} uw srtzqznv}srm}ys}s ws |unvz{q ruw |}zrk‚n sxmqnuªsŠwu utyuŒs}

runywu|sqrm pq |}zr yu’pu¹m y}ztu}m™ys}s sy}uqru} sxu}xs ru np zqnvswsxz{q

‹ |unvz{qk

„~

YZYZ×Z»Z `eÁ`aÔabcde

†}ztu}m™ uw nznvuts |}zr nuwuxxzmqsrm ruŠu nu} zqnvswsrm uq pq xmqªpqvm

ru tµ’pzqsn xmq˜|p}srsn sruxpsrstuqvuk ‚nvsn tµ’pzqsn ruŠuq unvs} xmŽ

quxvsrsn pnsqrm }urun xmq np˜xzuqvu sqxm ru Šsqrs s mv}sn tµ’pzqsn ruw

|}zrk ‚n ru zvsw ztym}vsqxzs xmqmxu} wmn unxuqs}zmn ru oswwm ys}s uw nznvuts

|}zr rsrm™ru tmrm ’pu uw |}zr ypurs xmqvzqps} v}sŠsªsqrm zqxwpnm nz sw|pqs

ru wsn tµ’pzqsn ru |unvz{q oswws ru sw|Ýq tmrmk –mrmn wmn rsvmn unuqxzswun™

Šsnun ru rsvmn ztym}vsqvun ruŠuq vuqu} ŠsxÒpynk

¢unyp€n ru ws zqnvswsxz{q™uw nmov¥s}u ru |}zr ypuru quxunzvs} nu} xmq˜|pŽ

}srm ys}s wsnrz}uxxzmqunu §¢n ru ws}ur wmxswk‚wsrtzqznv}srm}qm}tswtuqvu

yurz}µ sxxunm ru }mmv s wsn tµ’pzqsn ru |unvz{q ruw |}zrk ‚q sw|pqmn nznvuŽ

tsn |}zr™ vstŠz€q quxunzvs}µ sxxunm ru }mmv s wsn tµ’pzqsn ’pu xmtys}vuq

npn }uxp}nmn uq uw |}zr™ quxuns}zm ys}s zqnvsws} uw nmov¥s}u vstŠz€q uq unvsn

tµ’pzqsnk

‡qs uŒ ’pu uw |}zr unvµ myu}svzm™ypuru sŠu} nmov¥s}u ru sywzxsxz{q ‹

rsvmn ’pu ruŠuq nu} zqnvswsrmn vstŠz€q uq wsn tµ’pzqsn ’pu xmtys}vuq npn

}uxp}nmn uq uw |}zrk w|pqmn nznvutsn |}zr zqxwp‹uq u}}stzuqvsn ru s‹prs

ys}s ws |unvz{q ru ws wzxuqxzs s qzuw ru vmrm uw |}zrk

YZYZ×ZÇZ Wag h½ aÔ`a a ]eÊ_ceaÁ È _Á_agc\Á

‡qs vs}us ruw srtzqznv}srm}|}zr un|unvzmqs}wmntzutŠ}mnruw|}zr™vsqvm

wsn tµ’pzqsn ’pu sym}vsq }uxp}nmn xmtm wmn pnps}zmnk lmn pnps}zmn ypuruq

unvs} m}|sqzŒsrmn uq |}pymn ru y}m‹uxvmk ‚w srtzqznv}srm} un uw }unymqnsŠwu

ru xmqv}mws} wmnru}uxmn ru wmn pnps}zmn ruw |}zrklsn tµ’pzqsn ypuruq vuqu}

vstŠz€q ru}uxmn ru sxxunm ’pu quxunzvsq nu} |unvzmqsrmnk lsn vs}usn |}zr

’pu nu uªuxpvsq uq wsn tµ’pzqsn ypuruq nu} uªuxpvsrsn Šsªm pq §¢ ru pnps}zm

unyuxzsw™ uq qmtŠ}u ru wmn pnps}zmn ’pu uq©sq wsn vs}usnk lmn ru}uxmn ru

unmn §¢n ru pnps}zm ruŠuq nu} unvsŠwuxzrmn ru vsw tsqu}s ’pu unsn vs}usn qm

ypuruq sxxuru} s wsn ys}vun ru ws tµ’pzqs s wsn ’pu wmn pnps}zmn qm unvµq

spvm}zŒsrmnk

w uqv}s} uq uw |}zr™ ws zruqvzrsr ru wmn pnps}zmn ruŠu nu} xmq˜}tsrs u

zqv}mrpxzrs uq ws pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{qk ‚w pnps}zm ‹ npn x}uruqxzswun

ruŠuq s¹srz}nu s ws wznvs rupnps}zmnpnsqrm uwnmov¥s}u sy}myzsrmk‚q sw|pqmn

xsnmn™ uw srtzqznv}srm} ruŠu y}mys|s} ws zqom}tsxz{q ruw pnps}zm s s}zsn

tµ’pzqsn ruw |}zrk

‰ˆ

ru }uxp}nmn sw |}zrk ls zruqvzrsr ru ws tµ’pzqs un unvsŠwuxzrs ‹ }u|znv}srs

xmq ws pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{qk ‚w srtzqznv}srm} ruw |}zr ruŠu wwu|s} s pq

sxpu}rm xmq uw srtzqznv}srm} ru ws tµ’pzqs sxu}xs ru wmn §¢n ru pnps}zm™ uw

nmov¥s}u™wmn ru}uxmn ru sxxunmK‚w srtzqznv}srm}ruŠu zqv}mrpxz} ws zruqvz˜Ž

xsxz{q™wsn x}uruqxzswun™wsn rz}uxxzmqun ‹ wsn xs}sxvu}©nvzxsnru wmn}uxp}nmn ru

ws tµ’pzqs pnsqrm uwnmov¥s}u sy}myzsrmk‚q sw|pqmn xsnmn™uw srtzqznv}srm}

ypuru quxunzvs} y}mys|s} tsqpswtuqvu unvs zqom}tsxz{q s mv}sn tµ’pzqsn

ruw |}zrk

lmn xm}}unymqrzuqvun y}mxurztzuqvmn ru uwztzqsxz{q ru pnps}zm ‹ tµ’pzŽ

qsn nmq uªuxpvsrmn ym} uw srtzqznv}srm}k

YZYZ×ZÂZ fa É_`\gchah h½ [½g`cMbabcde

‚n x}pxzsw |s}sqvzŒs} wmn qzuwun tµn swvmn ru nu|p}zrsr uq pq |}zr™ ym}Ž

’pu €nvu unvµ rznu¹srm ys}s uªuxpvs} x{rz|m ‹ qm nmwm xmtys}vz} rsvmnk †m}

xmqnz|pzuqvu ypuru nu} xswrm ru xpwvzm ru z}pn™v}m‹sqmn ‹ mv}mn svs’punkls

pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{q un pqm ru wmn snyuxvmn tµn ztym}vsqvun s ws m}s

ruxmqnu|pz}pqs nu|p}zrsropu}vu uquw|}zrklsn}unymqnsŠzwzrsruny}zqxzyswun

ru ws pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{q nmq¦

§ruqvz˜xs} s wsn uqvzrsrun ’pu nmwzxzvsq xu}vz˜xsrmnk

‚tzvz}™uwztzqs} ‹ s}xzs} xu}vz˜xsrmnk

†}mvu|u} uw nu}zrm} ru ws pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{qk

ºsqvuqu} pq unysxzm xmq zruqvz˜xsrm}un Ýqzxmn ys}s wmn y}myzuvs}zmn ru

xu}vz˜xsrmnk

Åo}uxu} xu}vz˜xsrmn ˜}tsrmn ys}s wmn ’pu wmn quxunzvsqk

xvzzrsr ru }u|znv}mk

ls pvm}zrsr ru …u}vz˜xsxz{q unvµ Šsnsrs uq pq nznvuts ru uqx}zyvsxz{q ru

xwsun y݊wzxsnk ‚q unvu nznvuts™wsn xwsun nu |uqu}sq s ys}un™pqs y݊wzxs ‹

pqs y}zsrsk

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YZYZ×Z×Z f½Á`cde h½ g½b_gÁ\Á

Åv}s }unymqnsŠzwzrsr ruw srtzqznv}srm} un |unvzmqs} wmn }uxp}nmn ruw |}zrk

‚nvm zqxwp‹u unvsŠwuxu} yu}tznmn ys}s ’pu wmn pnps}zmn ruw |}zr ypursq pns}

wmn }uxp}nmn sn© xmtm xmqv}mws} uw pnm ru }uxp}nmn u ztywutuqvs} pq nznvuts

ru xpuqvsnk lsn unvsr©nvzxsn ru pnm nmq Ývzwun ys}s zruqvz˜xs} vuqruqxzsn uq

pqs m}|sqzŒsxz{q ’pu ypuru quxunzvs} ws sr’pznzxz{q ru s}r¥s}u srzxzmqswk

w|pqmn xmtymquqvun ru |}zr™ qm}tswtuqvu wmn ywsqz˜xsrm}un ru vs}usn™

y}mym}xzmqsq t€vmrmn ys}s ztymqu} y}zm}zrsrun ‹ ymw©vzxsn ru rznvzqvmn vzŽ

ymnk ‚n }unymqnsŠzwzrsr ruw srtzqznv}srm} xmq˜|p}s}wsn ys}s m}zuqvs}wsn ru

ws tuªm} tsqu}s ymnzŠwu s ws xmqnuxpxz{q ru wmn mŠªuvzmn ru ws m}|sqzŒsxz{qk

YZYZ×ZËZ [\]^ag`cbcde h½ ha`\Á

‚q |}zrn yu’pu¹mn™ ws xmtys}vzxz{q ru rsvmn ypuru nu} tp‹ oµxzw™pnsqrm

wmnnznvutsnru ˜xu}mnrznv}zŠpzrmnuƒznvuqvun™Šsnunru rsvmnm y}mvmxmwmnru

v}sqnou}uqxzs ru rsvmn unvµqrs}k  turzrs ’pu uw |}zr x}uxu ‹ wmn pnps}zmn nu

puwuq tµn ruyuqrzuqvun ru sw|Ýq }uymnzvm}zm ru swtsxuqstzuqvm ru rsvmn™

uw srtzqznv}srm}ruŠu yuqns}y}mxurztzuqvmnys}s tsqvuqu}xmyzsnru ŠsxÒpy

‹ }uywzxsn ys}s tuªm}s} uw }uqrztzuqvmk

 g ]H+ %$* 1).%^#$)H#$(-._' %$* %$H'))+**'%+) %$ '#*.h

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lsn sywzxsxzmqun |}zr ypuruq xwsnz˜xs}nu uq v}un vzymn¦

ywzxsxzmqun ’pu qm yu}tzvuq np pnm uq tÝwvzywun y}mxunsrm}un yu}m

ypuruq nu} uªuxpvsrmn uq tµ’pzqsn rzou}uqvunk

ywzxsxzmqun’pu unvµq rznu¹srsnys}s np pnm uq tÝwvzywuny}mxunsrm}unk

ywzxsxzmqun ’pu quxunzvsq nu} tmrz˜xsrsn ys}s nu} pnsrsn uq pq |}zrk

‚w Ýwvztm vzym un tp‹ zqvu}unsqvu ys}s wmn runs}}mwwsrm}un ru sywzxsxzmqun

|}zrk‚nvmn quxunzvs}sq u}}stzuqvsnys}s ruyp}s}‹ turz}uwxmtym}vstzuqvm

ru wsn sywzxsxzmqun |}zrk ‚nvsn u}}stzuqvsn Šsnsrsn uq |}zr vmrs©s unvµq

uq pqs y}ztu}s uvsysk †puru nu} Ývzw ys}s wmn runs}}mwwsrm}un xmq˜|p}s} np

y}myzm yu’pu¹m |}zr ‹ sn© ymru} pns} wmn ruyp}srm}un uq xsrs tµ’pzqs ys}s

‰„

¶wmŠpn un tµn pq vmmwÒzv ru runs}}mwwm ys}s xmqnv}pz} sywzxsxzmqun |}zr

’pu pq uƒspnvzm nznvuts |}zrk –zuqu wmn xmtymquqvun Šµnzxmn quxuns}zmn

ys}s xmqnv}pz}qpumn t€vmrmn ys}s |unvzmqs} wsnmyu}sxzmqun ru |}zr™turz}™

}uys}s} ‹ ruyp}s} sywzxsxzmqun |}zrk

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‚w ¶wmŠpn –mmwÒzv un pq xmqªpqvm ru u}}stzuqvsn Ývzwun ys}s ws xmqnŽ

v}pxxz{q ru pq |}zrk·p om}vswuŒs un pq Špuq tmruwm ru nu|p}zrsr™ y}uys}srm

ys}s ws }uxmyzwsxz{qªu}µ}’pzxs ru rs}mn™‹ xmq wsn unv}pxvp}sn Šµnzxsnys}s ws

ztywutuqvsxz{q ru pq |}zr nuqxzwwmk¶wmŠpn x}uxu}µ xmq uw vzutym s v}s€n ruw

v}sŠsªm ru tpxsn m}|sqzŒsxzmqun ’pu unvµq sptuqvsqrm npn ymnzŠzwzrsrunk

ls ts‹m}©s ru wmn nznvutsn |}zr zqxwp‹uq sw|Ýq ywsqz˜xsrm} ru vs}usn™

yu}m s turzrs ’pu wmn |}zr sŠs}xsq ts‹m}un µ}usn™ s}µq oswvs tµn tuvsŽ

ywsqz˜xsrm}un ’pu ypuruq |unvzmqs} xmq ªpqvmn ru xwpnvu}n ‹ |}zrn tµn yu’puŽ

¹mnk

ám‹ uq r©s™wmnnznvutsn|}zr unvµq vmrs©s wuªmnru y}mym}xzmqs} pq swtsŽ

xuqstzuqvm ‹ xmtys}vzxz{q ru rsvmn˜sŠwu™ru swvm }uqrztzuqvm ‹ }uxpyu}sŠwu

spvmtµvzxstuqvuk

Ŷ· un pq unvµqrs} sŠzu}vm uq ws Šsnu ru vmrsn unvµn tuªm}sn opvp}sn

ru |}zrkŶ· unvsqrs}zŒs}µ wmn zqvu}osxun |}zr ’pu nu}µq pnsrmn ym} wmn qpuŽ

mn ywsqz˜xsrm}un™ s|uqvun ru xµwxpwm spv{qmtm™‹ xpsw’pzu} nu}zxzm ’pu nus

runs}}mwwsrm ys}s |}zrk‚nvm s}µ tµnoµxzw uqnstŠws} wmn tuªm}un y}mrpxvmn™

sptuqvsqrm uw swm} |wmŠsw ru ws xmtypvsxz{q |}zrk

 l m+ n!$ 1).% 0+ #!$%$ &'($)

¢uŠutmn nu} xspvmn nmŠ}u |}zr™ runyp€n ruw uqvpnzsntm sqvu}zm}k¶}zr qm

ypuru sxu} ’pu pqs sywzxsxz{q nu uªuxpvu jˆˆˆ uxun tµn }µyzrm nzq xmty}s}

tµn tµ’pzqsn m nmov¥s}uk Ñm vmrs sywzxsxz{q ypuru uªuxpvs}nu uq pq |}zrk

w|pqmn vzymn ru sywzxsxzmqun nztywutuqvu qm ypuruq nu} ys}swuwzŒsrsnk ‚q

mv}sn™uw v}sŠsªm ’pu nu quxunzvs ys}s tmrz˜xs}wsn ys}s xmqnu|pz} ts‹m} y}mŽ

rpxvzzrsr un zqsŠs}xsŠwuk ls xmq˜|p}sxz{q ru pq |}zr ypuru souxvs} tpxm

sw }uqrztzuqvm™ ˜sŠzwzrsr ‹ nu|p}zrsr ru ws zqo}sunv}pxvp}s ru xmtypvsxz{q

ru pqs m}|sqzŒsxz{qk †m} unvsn }sŒmqun™ un ztym}vsqvu ’pu wmn pnps}zmn xmtŽ

y}uqrsq snvs rmqru s umwpxzmqsrm |}zr s r©s ru m‹ ‹ ’pu xs}sxvu}©nvzxsn

uqr}µq uq pq opvp}m y}{ƒztmk

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rzo©xzwun ru uªuxpvs} uq pq |}zrk

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‹ nzuvu y}m|}stsn npts}sq xsrs wznvs ‹ pq mxvsm npts}s wmn }unpwvsrmn ru

xsrs pqm ru wmn nzuvuk

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nu uq ys}swuwmk †m} uªutywm™ qm s‹ om}tpwsn nztywun ’pu tpunv}uq rmqru

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xuq nztpwsqrm uw tmztzuqvm ru wmn xpu}ymn™ pnsqrm wsn wu‹un ru Ñu¥vmq s

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souxvs}µq s xsrs pqm™rsqrm ws qpus ymnzxz{q ru wmnmŠªuvmn runyp€n ru xsrs

yu’pu¹m zqx}utuqvm ru vzutymk

‚nvm nu }uyzvu tpxsn uxun snvs ’pu nu swxsqŒs uwvzutym runusrmk…srs

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u}}{qusk †s}s tuªm}s} ws y}uxznz{q uq unmn xµwxpwmn™ sxutmn wmn zqx}utuqvmn

tpxm tµn yu’pu¹mnk‚nvm sptuqvs uw qÝtu}m ru xµwxpwmn ‹ uwvzutym |wmŠsw