Vocabulary
Siempre – always Nunca - jamas A veces - sometimes Casi nunca – almost never Casi siempre –almost siempre A menudo - often
Antes de – before Después de – after
3) Verbs in Present Indicative Tense. (Presente de Indicativo).
The Present Indicative Tense is used to talk about what is occurring in the “general”
present time frame.
Utilización del presente de Indicativo – Present Indicative
El presente de Indicativo expresa acciones que tienen lugar en el momento en que se habla. Por ejemplo
The present tense expresses actions taking place at the time in which it is spoken.
Carlitos estudia en el instituto.
El presente de Indicativo expresa acciones que ocurren frecuentemente. Por ejemplo:
The present tense expresses actions that often occur.
Carla nunca desayuna por la mañana.
Puede expresar acciones futuras. Por ejemplo The present tense can express future actions.
El verano que viene mis amigos se van de vacaciones a Nicaragua.
Se utiliza para expresar órdenes. Por ejemplo:
It is used to express orders.
Ahora mismo vas a casa de José y traes el libro.
Se puede utilizar para referirse a acciones pasadas. Por ejemplo:
It can be used to refer to past actions
Ayer estaba con Carlitos en el parque y de pronto viene Carla y me dice: ¿A quién esperas?
The present tense in Spanish can mean three things. The Spanish phrase "yo hablo"
can mean:
yo hablo yo hablo yo hablo I speak I am speaking I do speak
In Spanish, there are three categories of verbs. The category is determined by the last two letters of the infinitive:
-ar verbs (like hablar) -er verbs (like comer) -ir verbs (like vivir)
The infinitive is the base form of the verb. In Spanish, all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir.
-ar verb -er verb - ir verb hablar (to speak) comer (to eat) vivir (to live)
To conjugate a verb means to manipulate the infinitive so that it agrees with the different possible subjects. Here is the present tense conjugation of the infinitive "to speak":
to speak I speak you speak he speaks she speaks we speak you-all speak they speak
Many Spanish verbs are completely regular, meaning that they follow a specific pattern of conjugation. Before you can do that, you must memorize the following subject
pronouns.
yo (I)
tú (you - informal) él (he)
ella (she)
usted (you - formal)
nosotros/nosotras (we)
vosotros/vosotras (you-all - informal)
ellos/ellas (they) ustedes (you-all formal)
Spanish infinitives are divided into two parts: the ending and the stem. The ending is the last two letters. Remember, all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir. The stem is everything that's left after you remove the ending.
habl + ar = hablar com + er = comer viv + ir = vivir
In Spanish, you conjugate verbs by changing the ending.
To conjugate a verb we must remove the ending of the infinitive and add to the verbal root endings that apply in each case.
Verbos regulares
-ar -er - ir Cenar Comer Vivir cen – o com-o viv-o cen-as com-es viv-es cen-amos com-emos viv-imos cen-ais com-eis viv-is cen-an com-en viv-en
Verbos irregulars
There is a large group of verbs whose stem vowels change when conjugated in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. It is always the stressed vowel that changes. There are three groups of "stem-changing" verbs.
The first has an e that changes to ie, and this is the largest of the three groups. An example is empezar:
yo empiezo nosotros empezamos tú empiezas (vosotros empezáis) ella empieza ellos empiezan
The second group has an e that changes to i, as in conseguir:
yo consigo nosotros conseguimos tú consigues (vosotros conseguís)
Ud. consigue ellas consiguen
The third group has an o that changes to ue, as in soñar:
yo sueño nosotros soñamos tú sueñas (vosotros soñáis) él sueña Uds. Sueñan
The list of Individual Verbs. (Verbos Individuales).
SER: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
ESTAR: estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están DECIR: digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen HACER: hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen IR: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
SABER: se, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben OIR: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen
SALIR: salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salís, salen TENER: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen VENIR: vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen VER: veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, ven
CAER: caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caéis, caen VALER: valgo, vales, vale, valemos, valéis, valen TRAER: traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen DAR: doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan
CABER: quepo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabéis, caben
Spanish Verb Conjugation Song with BASHO & FRIENDS - Verbos, Verbs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQBNeC8GX44
Learn the Top 25 Must-Know Spanish Verbs! (8 min 22) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AV5LSve7Jc
