INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT UNDER ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION BASED ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

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Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 846-853

DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.320 846

I

NNOVATION OF E

CONOMIC MANAGEMENT UNDER ECONOMIC

GLOBALIZATION BASED ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Yanfeng Ma

1,2

_{, Qingsheng Hao}

1,3

_*

Abstract

Economic globalization is an irreversible trend. To achieve sustainable economic growth, the economic management model should adapt to this trend. This paper attempts to innovate the way to management Chinese economy under economic globalized based on cognitive and behavioral sciences. First, the background of economic globalization was introduced, the significance of economic management innovations was highlighted, and the innovations of economic management was divided into four dimensions: theory, management field, management centre and function. Next, several hypotheses were put forward on how each dimension affects economic management in the context of economic globalization. After that, staff members of the economic management department of the Chinese government were selected for an electroencephalogram (EEG) experiment. The experimental results were subjected to both N200 component analysis and LPP component analysis. It is concluded that, under economic globalization, all four dimensions of economic management innovation have positive impacts on economic management. The research provides a new perspective for the studies on economic management.

Key words: Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Economic Globalization, Management Innovation, Electroencephalogram (EEG).

Received: 18-05-19 | Accepted: 12-08-19

INTRODUCTION

With the economic development and the globalization trend, if the government wants to achieve innovations in economic management, it must not only consider the actual situation in China, but also absorb the development experience of Western countries. In the process

of promoting innovations in economic

management, the government should be aware of its own responsibilities and coordinate the relationships between population, resources, environment and economy based on the actual

situation to achieve sound economic

development in China. In addition, the

1_{School of Economy and Management, Jilin Agricultural}

University, Changchun 130118, China. 2_{School of Foreign}

Languages, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China.

3_{Center for Rural Economic in Major Grain Prodcing Areas of}

Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. E-Mail: [email protected]

government should also actively undertake social responsibilities, provide social services, and improve the social security system; push forward the enterprise system reforms through policies and other ways and promote modern enterprise concepts and systems; and actively exert its macro-control functions to ensure that the economy is in a more healthy and stable development environment. In 1887, Wondrow Wilson summarized the research results into The Study of Administration and published it in the same year. This showed that the academic community officially incorporated government management into the research field and began related research. (Hirasawa, Yamamoto, Kawano et al., 1999) first analyzed the background of economic globalization and introduced the benefit distribution theory. They believed that

the government must realize economic

globalization can bring not only opportunities but also challenges and should address it starting

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YANFENG MA,QINGSHENG HAO

847

with diplomatic means. Franco and Värri (2001) believed that the environment and resources are threatening economic development all the time, and the economy cannot develop without the

protection of environmental resources.

Therefore, to promote economic development, various factors of the environment and resources must be taken into account to coordinate their survival and development relationships. In this process, there should be major changes in government functions. Teixeira, (Cardoso, Gomes et al., 2002) believed that the economic management systems of the governments in various countries must have considered the relevant provisions of WTO. Once the world economic pattern changes, the governments will inevitably be the first ones to be affected, followed by the enterprises. At the current stage, economic management in China still has deficiencies in legal and policy aspects. Based on these researches, (Cusanus & Lull, 2002) put forward their own viewpoint: economic globalization exerts the greatest influence on government functions. The government can understand market resource allocation, economic development and legalized management from the perspectives of role positioning and function exertion. (Inkaew, Charoenkitkamjorn, Yangpaiboon et al., 2003) found through research that globalization is an inevitable trend of economic development, which is bringing huge influences to the

economic management model of the

government, mainly in terms of systems, policies and laws, etc.; they believed that the biggest innovation in economic management is to accurately position the roles of the government - the government is the provider of services and should establish its service awareness.

In summary, previously researchers studied

economic management more from the

theoretical point of view and analyzed relevant theories, models and methods, etc., but did not study the innovative mechanism, process and results of economic management under the context of the current times. Therefore, based on brain cognitive and behavioral sciences, under the context of economic globalization, this paper conducts deep analysis and studies of economic management innovations by exploring the influencing factors and influence degree of

economic management innovations, and

collecting raw data through

electroencephalograph, processing and putting

them into the model and validating the model. This paper first describes the background of economic globalization and the significance of the research on economic management innovations, reviews previous research results at home and abroad and raises the research problem in the introduction section. Then it proposes basic hypotheses regarding this problem, studies the problem through EEG experiment and elaborates the process and data results of the EEG experiment.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Based on the brain cognitive and behavioral sciences, this paper conducts an EEG experiment on economic management innovations under

the context of economic globalization.

Innovations in economic management can be made by the government in the following four

aspects: theory, management field,

management centre and function. Based on this, this paper proposes the following four hypotheses.

Hypothesis 1: under the context of economic globalization, theoretical innovation has a significant positive influence on economic management.

Hypothesis 2: under the context of economic globalization, management field innovation has a significant positive influence on economic management.

Hypothesis 3: under the context of economic globalization, management centre innovation has a significant positive influence on economic management.

Hypothesis 4: under the context of economic globalization, functional innovation has a significant positive influence on economic management.

COMPUTER EXPERIMENT PROCESS AND DATA RESULTS

An event-related potential is an individual’s

brain potential response to an external influence or impact during the process of his or her psychological activity. Specifically, if the individual is stimulated by the outside world, this stimulus will be transmitted to the brain, thus leading to the changes in the brain potential. Based on this definition, a stimulus can be understood as an event. Through in-depth

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INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT UNDER ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION BASED ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES ₈₄₈

research, many scholars have found that analysis, decision-making, memory and other processes will all cause changes in related potentials (ERPs). Therefore, the process of brain activity can be reflected through ERPs; at the same time, this technology is accurate to millisecond in time resolution, which is very helpful in revealing psychological activities.

Purposes of the experiment

In order to explore the neural mechanism of the influencing factors and influence degree of economic management innovations under the context of economic globalization, the author employed event-related potentials (ERPs) to complete neurological analysis and research. EEG experiment is the focus of this research. By measuring the EEG data of the subjects, the author attempted to validate whether the hypotheses below are true, including:

Subjects

The subjects were staff members of the

government economic management

department, aged between 30-50, including 10 men and 10 were women. According to investigation, the subjects they were all in good health without any brain trauma or mental illness or symptoms of physical discomfort. At the same time, they were all in a good mental state and suitable to participate in the EEG experiment. Before the experiment, each subject read the Confirmation on Experimental Process, and the tester explained the content of the experiment to the subjects and told them what to pay attention to during the experiment. In order to improve the effectiveness of the ERP experiment, the subjects first participated in the

pre-experiment to experience and familiarize themselves with the entire process.

Experimental materials

In the preparation of the EEG experiment, the author designed related questionnaires to screen and determine the stimulus materials in the experiment to make the whole experiment more scientific, objective, and effective.

First of all, a prompt “the experiment now begins” appeared on the screen in front of each

subject, suggesting that the experiment officially started and that the subject needed to get prepared. Then, the screen displayed the plans

for “theoretical innovation”, “management field innovation”, “management centre innovation” and “functional innovation”, respectively. The

subjects pressed the button and responded to simulate the innovation process, and in this process, EEG data of the subjects were collected and recorded. At the same time, some relevant information also appeared in this process as interferences. The EEG data before and after the appearance of the information are recorded as important data; and finally, when the subject completed the questionnaires, the EEG data of the subjects were collected and recorded.

Experimental process

The stimuli were presented on the computer screen of each subject. There was a fixed distance of 70cm between the experimental subject and the computer screen, which was, however, subject to adjustment according to the physical condition of each subject to ensure that the horizontal view angle was controlled at horizontal 2.58° and that the vertical view angle at 2.4°. This experiment, through experimental paradigms like key pressing tasks, reflected the process of economic management innovation in

a true and comprehensive way. The picture “+”

appeared for 500 milliseconds to remind the subjects that the experiment began. On the screen, decision plans concerning theoretical innovation, management centre innovation, management field innovation and functional innovation appeared one after another, each of which lasted for 1000 milliseconds. In this process, the subjects could select match or no match using the keys in their hands, wherein key 1 indicated match, and key 2 indicated no match. The selection time was 1500 milliseconds. Once the time was out, the selection made by the subject would be invalid and not included in the

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data. The formal experiment lasted for 11 to 12 minutes. There are four groups of content, between each of which there was a break of about 1 minute.

Data recording

In order to ensure the smoothness of the experiment, the subjects were isolated in a quiet ERP lab until they completed the experiment. After that, they left the ERP lab under the guidance of the tester. The lighting and seats, etc. in the laboratory all needed to be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the subjects were in the most comfortable condition during the experiment.

A 64-lead EEG system developed and manufactured by Neuroscan was used to record the data of the entire EEG experiment, and a Scan4.5 EEG recording and analysis system was selected for the final data processing and analysis of the experiment. At the same time, the author chose to use Ag/AgCl electrode caps to accurately collect and record EEG data. When a subject put on the electrode cap, the tester needed to make some adjustments, that is, adjusting the vertical EOG electrodes to the left eye (above and below it), the horizontal electrodes to the two sides of the left and right eyes and the reference electrodes to the bilateral mastoids. The grounding electrode was set between the FCz and Fz electrodes. In this experiment, the filter band-pass ranged from 0.05 to 100Hz and the frequency was 500Hz/lead (Li, 2017).

EEG DATA PROCESSING FOR ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT INNOVATION

EEG data processing

The author used the software Brain Vision Analyzer to achieve the extraction, processing, and analysis of evoked EEG signals. The following steps are required:

Step 1: extract and process physiological interference signals to ensure that there is no other signal mixed with the evoked EEG information. Specifically, there is a specific range

of amplitude for evoked EEG signals, - 2~10μV,

where the time-varying sensitivity is strong. Based on this feature, the interference information such as EOG and ECG can be extracted and removed.

Step 2: Remove EOG. The data collected by

the reference electrodes are used as the criteria to measure the validity of the data and then remove the ocular artefacts.

Step 3: segment EEG data. Under sensory stimulation, evoked EEG signals are generated and maintained for a short period of time. Th e tester must complete the signal acquisition and segmentation during this period and also

segment the standard time axis. At time A,

problem 1 occurs. The time period AB is the

length of the evoked EEG signal of problem 1. The duration was measured to be 1500ms. At

time C, problem 2 occurs. The time period CD is

the duration of the evoked EEG signal of problem 2. The duration was measured to be 1500ms.

Similarly, the time periods EF and GH are the

durations of the evoked EEG signals of problems 3 and 4.

Step 4: correct the baseline according to the actual situation. Due to the interferences and influences of external factors, such as the accuracy of the instrument and the environment, etc., there will be certain deviations in the EEG signals collected, whose patterns cannot hardly be identified by the tester. This requires the tester to correct the baseline according to the actual situation and remove the errors.

Step 5: remove ocular artefacts. According to step 4, select and remove the EEG data with an amplitude between ±80uV.

Step 6: take the average of the amplitude. Since the evoked EEG signal can be affected by the spontaneous EEG signal, the entire acquisition is difficult to carry out smoothly, and the tester cannot directly extract the desired signals through the instrument. Based on this, it is necessary to take superposed average of the EEG signals. Those that do not change substantially before and after the superposed average are the evoked EEG signals and should be extracted.

Step 7: Take the average of EEG data. Through the above six steps, the EEG data are averaged and taken as the final ERP data.

Step 8: BEAM analysis. Use ScaM.S and conduct brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) based on EEG data.

EEG data analysis

(1) N200 component analysis

The EEG data analysis has time

characteristics, that is, the differences can be displayed only in a specific time window. Therefore, the author obtained four kinds of

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INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT UNDER ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION BASED ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES ₈₅₀

brain wave patterns through the experimental paradigm, analysed the N200 components, and performed variance analysis using the SPSS method. By reference to 10-20 electrode lead

positioning standards of International

Federation of EEG Societies, the author selected 3 electrodes in the frontal, central, and top regions, that is, a total of 9 electrodes, namely F3, FZ, F4, C3, CZ, C4, P3, PZ and P4, to collect EEG experimental data for analysis and research, as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1

.

Distribution of electrode points on

the brain

According to EEG experimental data, the N200 component has been activated. After stimulation, the relevant data are calculated within 270 milliseconds, and the N270 component can be obtained. According to Figure 2, electrodes F2, FZ, F4, C3, CZ and C4 already activated the N200 component. The author used Greenhouse-Geisser to correct all data.

According to Table 1, there were differences in the significances of N200 under different

conditions. Specifically, in the F3 electrode, the N200 component had significant differences in

the “theoretical innovation-functional

innovation”, with significant differences under

the cue - F(1, 20)=7.125 and p<0.01. Functional

innovation activated the subjects more strongly, and the N200 component was larger. At the same time, based on this, it can be seen that there were not many differences between the subjects. In addition, despite some differences in the N200 component in other electrodes, they were generally small (Duan, 2016).

Through the SPSS method, the voltage value of the N200 component can be obtained, from which, the differences between theoretical innovation, management centre innovation, management field innovation, and functional innovation can be obtained. In addition, the author drew a BEAM to more visually show the differences, as below.

Figure 2

.

N200 component

Table 1.

Calculation results of the N200 component by electrode

Stimulus cue Subject category Different stimulus cues*subject category

Electrode F P F P F P

F

F3 7.125 0.022 0.412 0.528 0.251 0.706 FZ 2.889 0.108 0.456 0.562 0.569 0.411 F4 6.023 0.314 0.752 0.407 0.136 0.795

C

C3 2.026 0.201 3.415 0.105 2.518 0.185 CZ 0.258 0.632 0.001 1.254 1.325 0.249 C4 0.389 0.644 1.206 0.237 2.147 0.816

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Figure 3

.

BEAM - N200

(2) LPP component data analysis

The so-called LPP component is the EEG data within the period of 600-800ms. Due to the different types of experiments, this period of time is not fixed, but will shift forward or backward according to the actual situation. After thorough research, Brown et al. found that the stimuli of LPP are mainly from the EEG data produced by the intense emotions. They believed that the LPP component can directly reflect not only the activities of the brain's visual

cortex, but also people’s psychological activities

and emotional stimulations, revealing their intrinsic connections

Figure 4

.

Distribution of electrode points on

the brain

In this experimental study, the author chose the corresponding LPP data between 300-800ms. At the same time, with the help of the EEG data analysis software, the author created a corresponding full BEAM for distinguishing different EEG data results. From previous ERP studies on economic management innovation, it can be seen that electrodes C3, CZ, C4, P3, PZ, and P4 activated the LPP component. The LPP and N200 components were similar in the analysis process (Song, 2018).

Figure

5 .

LPP component

Table 2.

Calculation results of the LPP component by electrode

Stimulus cue Subject category Different stimulus cues*subject category

Electrode F P F P F P

F

F3 0.436 0.511 6.503 0.021 2.124 0.172 FZ 1.489 0.240 10.816 0.003 4.204 0.089 F4 0.322 0.624 4.105 0.065 1.911 0.238

C

C3 1.906 0.201 5.986 0.028 0.136 0.845 CZ 0.512 0.533 4.157 0.071 1.774 0.219

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INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT UNDER ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION BASED ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES ₈₅₂

Table 2 shows the final analytical and calculation results of the LPP component. Through analysis of electrodes C3, CZ, P3, and P4, it can be seen that there were significant differences in the LPP components of theoretical innovation, management centre innovation,

management innovation, and functional

innovation. Specifically, Fc3(1, 20)=6.503,

pc3<0.01; Fcz(1, 20)=10.816, pcz<0.01; Fp3(1,

20)=5.986, pp3<0.01; and Fp4(1, 20)=5.668,

pp4<0.01. By superimposing the EEG data of

theoretical innovation, management centre

innovation, management innovation, and

functional innovation, and taking the average of them, the author concluded that: functional innovation has the main effect on the LPP component and that the effect is significant; and that at the same time, management centre innovation and management field innovation have similar values of the LPP component.

CONCLUSIONS

Results analysis

Based on the EEG data collected in this paper, in the Stroop experiment, it was found that the N270 components and LPP components of the subjects were successfully activated. The N270 component in the F3 electrode was more significant, and those in other electrodes were not much different. It can be seen that functional innovation evokes the largest amplitude of N270

component, while theoretical innovation,

management centre innovation and

management innovation have relatively small amplitudes of the N270 component with no significant differences.

The LPP component directly reflects the process of emotional stimulation. Evoked by theoretical innovation, management centre innovation, management field innovation and functional innovation, the LPP amplitudes of the first three were approximately the same, and the last LPP amplitude was significantly different. It can be seen that functional innovation has the significant main effect on the LPP component.

To sum up, the four hypotheses proposed in this paper are all successfully verified, namely:

Innovations of this research

In this study, based on the neural level, the author used the EEG technology to analyze and

explore the four aspects of economic

management innovation, namely theoretical innovation, management centre management, management field innovation, and functional

innovation. EEG experimental data can

objectively reflect the interactions between

economic globalization and economic

management innovation. The author combined the experimental study with theoretical analysis, providing a new perspective for the research in this area.

Deficiencies and outlook

Before the ERP experiment, the influences of external factors must be eliminated or minimized to ensure the objectivity and accuracy of experimental results. Due to the limited experimental conditions, the author directly adopted the mature experimental paradigm of ERP. Considering cost, time and other factors, there were certain deficiencies in the selection of subjects. In the future, the scope of subjects should be expanded to improve the applicability and representativeness of the data.

Acknowledgement

This paper is the world bank loan agricultural product quality and safety application research project "Jilin province main agricultural product safety production model innovation, demonstration and policy research" (project code: 2011-z64).

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