Kato and Karasawa
New nephropid and glypheid lobsters from the Mesozoic of Japan
Hisayoshi Kato
1,*and Hiroaki Karasawa
21 Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 955-2, Aoba-cho, Chiba 260-8682, Japan. 2 Mizunami Fossil Museum, Yamanouchi, Akeyo, Mizunami, Gifu 509-6132, Japan.
ABSTRACT
A new nephropid lobster, Hoploparia kamimurai new species is described from the Lower Cretaceous Ishido Formation (Barremian), Gunma Prefecture, central Japan. Two species of glypheid lobsters, Glyphea yoshiakii new species and Glyphea sp. were obtained from the Lower Cretaceous Arida Formation (Barremian), Wakayama Prefecture, southwest Japan and the uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous Mitarai Formation (Tithonian–Berriasian), Gifu Prefecture, central Japan, respectively. These species are the fi rst records of the fossil Glypheidae from Japan.
Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Glyphea, Hoploparia, Lower Cretaceous, Japan.
RESUMEN
Se describe una nueva langosta nefrópida, Hoploparia kamimurai especie nueva del Cretácico Inferior de la Formación Ishido (Barremiano), Perfectura de Gunma, Japón Central. Dos especies de langostas glyféidas, Glyphea yoshiakii especie nueva y Glyphea sp. fueron recolectadas en depósitos del Cretácico Inferior de la Formación Arida (Barremiano), Perfectura de Wakayama, Suroeste de Japón, y en depósitos del Jurásico más alto al Cretácico más inferior de la Formación Mitarai (Tithoniano– Berriasiano), Perfectura de Gifu, Japón Central, respectivamente. Estas especies constituyen los primeros registros fósiles de la Familia Glypheidae de Japón.
Palabras clave: Crustacea, Decapoda, Glyphea, Hoploparia, Cretácico Inferior, Japón.
INTRODUCTION
Although two new and one indeterminate species were described from the Upper Cretaceous of Japan dur-ing the last ten years (Karasawa, 1998; Karasawa and Hayakawa, 2000), occurrence of the genus Hoploparia from the Mesozoic of Japan is still rare. Recently, a nearly entire specimen of cephalothorax and abdomen attaching tail fan was discovered in the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) Ishido Formation, Sanchu region, Gunma Prefecture by Mr. Hideo Kamimura. An additional specimen was obtained from the same area by Mr. Kiyohiko Ogai. On the basis of occurrences of such ammonites as Pulchellia ishidoensis, Shasticrioceras sp., aff. S. patricki, and Barremites (B.)
diffi cilis, the geologic age of the formation is considered to be the Barremian (Matsukawa, 1988; Toshimitsu and Hirano, 2000).
Barremian age (Matsukawa and Obata, 1993; Toshimitsu and Hirano, 2000).
A carapace of another species of the Glypheidae was obtained from the mudstone of the Mitarai Formation, exposed in Shokawa-cho, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan by Ms. Yukako Takahashi. Although the fos-sil preservation is not so good that the detailed characters are available, the specimen was identifi ed as the genus Glyphea von Meyer, 1835. According to Sato et al. (2003), the geologic age of the Mitarai Formation is assignable to the Tithonian–Berriasian on the basis of the occurrence of the ammonite Dellphinera sp. cf. D. obtusenodosa.
The purpose of the present paper is to describe two new species of the genera Hoploparia and Glyphea from the Mesozoic of Japan. Type and examined specimens are stored in the Kanna Town Dinosaur Center (NDC: 51-2 Kagahara, Kanna-machi, Gunma 370-1602), Gunma Museum of Natural History (GMNH: 1674-1, Kamikuroiwa, Tomioka, Gunma 370-2345), Mizunami Fossil Museum (MFM: Gifu 509-6132) and the Shokawa Branch of Takayama Municipal Offi ce (SACRA: 550 Arabuchi, Shokawa-cho, Takayama City, Gifu 501-5492).
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY
Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802 Superfamily Nephropoidea Dana, 1852
Family Nephropidae Dana, 1852 Genus Hoploparia M’Coy, 1849
Hoploparia kamimurainew species
Figures 1.1, 1.5, 2
Diagnosis. Relatively small sized Hoploparia with less or-namented carapace; antero-ventrally extending postcervical groove, approaching cervical groove without remarkable ventral extension of branchiocardiac groove; antennal scale foliate, ovate.
Description. Carapace fi nely granulated; very weak me-dian ridge behind rostral region. Rostrum moderately long, slender, approximately one-fourth length of carapace, deep median axial groove, laterally delimited by longitudinal ca-rinae. Dentition of rostrum inconspicuous. Cephalic median carina short, weak. Longitudinally arranged supraorbital ridge strong, slightly projected anteriorly, slightly convers-ing toward outer carina of rostrum.
Cervical groove relatively short, deep, slightly arcuate, extending forwardly and ventrally to join antennal groove. Antennal groove deep, clear. Hepatic groove relatively shallow, sinuous, extending posteriorly. Prominence omega demarcated by these grooves strongly swelling. Postcervical groove well defi ned, broad, deep, posteriorly arcuate,
ex-recognizable. Very shallow branchiocardiac groove. Ventral extension of branchiocardiac groove absent.
Orbit rounded, demarcated inconspicuous rounded crest, deeply indented posteriorly. Antennal region with strong antennal ridge, truncated anteriorly. Antennal scale foliate, oval shape.
First abdominal somite the shortest. Second somite shorter than third to sixth. Tergum and pleuron of third ab-dominal somite the largest; pleuron anteriorly overlapped. Forth to sixth somite slightly decreasing in size. Lateral margin of pleura rounded; pointed tip indiscernible. Telson broad, very weak median longitudinal ridge. Uneven surface in uropodal exopod.
Meri and carpi of unidentified pereipods slender, coarsely granulated.
Material examined. Holotype NDC P-0002 (carapace, abdomen, telson, uropod and pereiopods), paratype GMNH-PI-1700 (carapace and abdomen).
Etymology. The trivial name is dedicated to Mr. Hideo Kamimura, who discovered and donated the holotype specimen together with other valuable fossil specimens from the formation.
Remarks. Hoploparia kamimurai new species resembles H. collignoni (van Straelen, 1949) from the Lower Cretaceous of Madagascar, H. hemprichi (Mertin, 1941) from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany, and H. brittonestris (Stenzel, 1945) from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas, in having the postcervical groove which approaches cervical groove obliquely without connection to the short hepatic groove via branchiocardiac groove, forming U-shape appearance. The present new species is similar to I and II in fi g. 59 of Secretan (1964), in this respect. Tshudy and Sorhannus (2003) performed the cladistic analysis of the genus Hoploparia based mainly on the morphology of the carapace. H. brittonensis and H. collignoni are united by an unique character “ventral extension of branchiocardiac groove absent”. These two species, and H. mesembria Etheridge, 1917 from the Lower Cretaceous of Australia, show similar appearance in having short hepatic groove and branchiocardiac groove not connected to hepatic groove, were placed in a clade (Tshudy and Sorhannus, 2003). This same character appears in species of the genus Homarus Weber, 1795. Although not included in the analysis of Tshudy and Sorhannus (2003), H. hemprichi (Mertin, 1941) clearly shows same similitude. Despite resemblance in carapace grooves, H. kamimurai new species is clearly distinguished from the above cited species in having a less ornamented carapace, a relatively anteriorly projected antennal region, a proportionally shorter abdomen, and an oval-shaped antennal scale.
Kato and Karasawa
Occurrence. Road cut nearby Route 299, Sebayashi, Kanna-machi, Tano-gun, Gunma Prefecture, Northeast Japan (Lat 36°4’20”N, Long 138°49’45”E). Sandy mudstone and fi ne grained sandstone of the Ishido Formation.
Measurements. (in mm) Holotype NDC P-0002, carapace length 43.7, abdomen length 25.2. Paratype GMNH-PI-and Hayakawa, 2000 from the Turonian of Hokkaido,
northeast Japan and H. miyamotoi Karasawa, 1998 from the Maastrichtian of Awaji-shima, southwest Japan, less resemble the present new species than the above mentioned congeners.
Geologic age. Early Cretaceous (Barremian).
Figure1. 1, 5: Hoploparia kamimurai new species; 1: Paratype, GMNH-PI-1700; 5: Holotype, NDC P-0002. 2, 3: Glyphea yoshiakii new species; 2: Holotype, MFM247019; 3: Paratype, MFM247111. 4: Glyphea sp. SACRApm-0011. Scale bars equals 5.0 mm.
1) 2)
3) 4)
1700, carapace length 24.2+, carapace width 10.7+, abdo-men length 22.9+.
Infraorder Glypheidea Zittel, 1885 Superfamily Glypheoidea Zittel, 1885
Family Glypheidae Zittel, 1885 Genus Glyphea Von Meyer, 1835
Glyphea yoshiakii new species
Figures 1.2, 1.3; 3
Hoploparia sp., Karasawa, 2000, p. 235-236, fi gs. 1-1, 2.
Diagnosis. Small sized Glyphea with less ornamented carapace. Cervical groove steeply inclined. Postcervical groove extremely short.
Description. Carapace cylindrical. Cephalic region tapering anteriorly. Dorsal margin nearly straight; ventral thoracic margin gently convex with its greatest width at midlength. Tip of rostrum broken. Sculpture of cephalothorax partially unclear. Four longitudinal carinae arranged vertically in ce-phalic region; upper two carinae sharp, but poorly preserved; third one gently elevated; lowermost (antennal) beaded, strongest. Sinuous gastro-orbital groove short, extending vertically, branching posteriorly near posterior end of second carina. Cervical groove deep, steeply inclined from dorsal midline. Postcervical groove extremely short, becom-ing shallower posteriorly, join branchiocardiac groove. Branchiocardiac groove deep, clear; dorsally inclined steep angle, strongly curving forward at about posterior quarter of its length, extending anteriorly at low angle. Hepatic groove short, deepening posteriorly. Antennal and inferior grooves inconspicuous.
Region between cervical and branchiocardiac grooves broad. A deep and broad transverse groove from dorsal midline cross postcervical groove extending ventrally, join branchiocardiac groove. Region between this vertical groove, branchiocardiac groove and dorsal midline form small triangular area. Hepatic lobe swelling. Branchial region moderately broad, partially covered with coarse granules.
Abdominal somites 1–6 smooth. Somite 1 pleuron with posteroventally directed spine at posteroventral angle. Somite 2 pleuron subrectangular; ventral margin gently convex; anteroventral corner rounded; posteroventral corner with posteroventrally directed spine; posterior margin gently concave; surface with marginal furrows joining transverse furrow on anterior part of tergum. Pleura of somites 3 and 4 with sharp posteroventral corners; surface with shallow, broad marginal furrow along posterior margin. Pleuron of somite 6 reduced.
Material examined. Holotype: MFM247019 (carapace), paratype: MFM247111 (carapace and abdomen).
Etymology. The trivial name is dedicated to Mr. Yoshiaki Mizuno, who discovered the paratype specimen and has made large contribution to the paleontology of Mesozoic of Japan. His investigation has supported our research for long time.
Remarks. Most recently, Feldmann and Saint Laurent (2002) described a new species of Glyphea from the Cretaceous of Australia and enumerated 29 fossil species within the genus. In addition to its obvious small size, Glyphea yoshiakii new species is clearly distinguished from its congeners given in Feldmann and Saint Laurent (2002). The present new species most resembles the type species G. regleyanus Desmarest, 1822 and G. munsteri (Voltz, 1835) from the Upper Jurassic of Europe in the arrangement of carapace grooves. However, Glyphea yoshiakii is distinguished from these species in having a shorter carapace, more sinuous branchiocardiac groove, a steeply inclined cervical groove
Figure 2. Line drawing of Hoploparia kamimurai new species.
Kato and Karasawa
and a narrower area between the gastro-orbital and cervi-cal grooves. Although Glyphea yoshiakii also resembles G. carteri Bell, 1863 from the Lower Cretaceous of England in having a longitudinal groove across the postcervical groove, the new species is apparently distinguishable because the branchiocardiac groove of G. carteri is more sinuous and not smooth.
Based on a specimen which has a poorly preserved carapace and relatively well preserved abdomen, Karasawa (2000) described Hoploparia sp. from the same locality of the holotype specimen of the present new species. However, examination of an additional specimen and re-examination of Karasawa’s (2000) specimen lead to the conclusion that Hoploparia sp. in Karasawa (2000) should be identifi ed as Glyphea yoshiakii.
Geologic age. Early Cretaceous (Barremian).
Occurrence. Outcrop at Suhara, Yuasa-cho, Arida-gun, Wakayama Prefecture (Lat 34°2’23”N, Long 135°10’38”E). Arida Formation. Same as locality 2 of Komatsu (1999).
Measurements. (in mm)Holotype MFM247019, carapace length 22.0, carapace depth 9.8. Paratype MFM247111, carapace length 16.2+, carapace depth 8.7+, abdomen length 14.7+.
Glyphea sp.
Figure 1.4
Description. Carapace cylindrical. Cephalic region poorly preserved. Three longitudinal carinae with rows of coarse granules. Uppermost carina weaker than other two. Middle one with larger granules. Lowermost (antennal) carina most elevated. Cervical groove deep. Hepatic region beyond he-patic groove bilobate. Cardiac and branchial regions covered with coarse granules. Postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves long, weakly converging dorsally.
Material examined. SACRApm-0011 (carapace).
Remarks. Glyphea sp. most resembles G. georgiensis Taylor, 1979 from the Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) of Antarctica in the shape of the hepatic groove and dorso-posterior linearly extended postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves. Some other species such as G. oculata Woods, 1957 from the Albian of Australia also resembles our specimen in having linearly elongated postcervical and branchiocardiac grooves. However, it should be noted that the present species has also similarities to species of Trachysoma Bell, 1858. Owing to its poor preservation, precise comparison should await for the discovery of additional material.
Geologic age. Latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Tithonian–Berriasian).
Occurrence. Deserted quarry along Route 156, Mitarai, Shokawa-cho, Takayama City, Gifu Prefecture (Lat 36°1’30”N, Long 136°55’43”E). Mudstone of Mitarai Formation (Mitarashi Formation in original spelling), Tetori Group.
Measurements. (in mm)SACRApm-0011, carapace length 33.4+.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to express our sincere gratitude to Hideo Kamimura (Takasaki City, Gunma), Kiyohiko Ogai (Kazo City, Saitama), Yoshiaki Mizuno (Nagoya City, Aichi), Kinichi Endo (Suzuka City, Mie) and Yukako Takahashi (Hida City) for donation of specimens. Sincere thanks also go to Kazuhisa Sato (Kanna Town Dinosaur Center), Shizuo Shimojima (Takayama City, Gifu), Shinji Isaji (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba), and Yuji Takakuwa (Gunma Museum of Natural History) for providing valuable information and assistance in the ex-amination of fossil specimens.
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