Cisco Networking Academy®
I Mind Wide Open'
Actividad de PT 2.1.7: Resolución de problemas de una interfaz serial
Diagrama de topología
Tabla de direccionamiento
Dispositivo
Interfaz
Dirección IP
Máscara de subred
FaO/0
192.168.10.1
255.255.255.0
R1
SO/0/0
10.1.1.1
255.255.255.252
SO/0/0
10.1.1.2
255.255.255.252
SO/0/1
10.2.2.1
255.255.255.252
R2
SO/1/0
209.165.200.225
255.255.255.224
FaO/0
192.168.30.1
255.255.255.0
R3
SO/0/0
10.2.2.2
255.255.255.252
SO/0/0
209.165.200.226
255.255.255.224
ISP
FaO/0
209.165.200.1
255.255.255.252
Web Server
NIC
209.165.200.2
255.255.255.252
PC1
NIC
192.168.10.10
255.255.255.0
PC3
NIC
192.168.30.10
255.255.255.0
Objetivos de aprendizaje
• Probar la conectividad
•
Investigar problemas de conectividad mediante la recopilación de información
•
Implementar la solución y probar la conectividad
Todo el contenido es Copyright © 1992–2007 de Cisco Systems, Inc.
Todos los derechos reservados. Este documento es información pública de Cisco. Página 1 de 3
CCNA Exploration Acceso a la WAN: PPP
Actividad del PT 2.1.7: Resolución de problemas de una interfaz serial
Introducción
En esta actividad, sólo tiene acceso a la petición de entrada de comandos de PC1 y PC3.
Para solucionar los problemas en los routers e implementar las soluciones, debe establecer
una conexión Telnet de la PC1 o la PC3. Esta actividad se completa cuando alcanza el 100%
y la PC1 puede hacer ping a la PC3.
Tarea 1: Probar la conectividad
Paso 1: Utilizar el ping para probar la conectividad de extremo a extremo.
Espere a que las luces de enlace en S1 y S3 cambien de
ámbar a verde. Luego, desde la petición de entrada de
comandos de PC1, haga ping a PC3. Este ping debe
fallar.
Paso 2: Utilizar traceroute para detectar dónde falla la conectividad.
En la petición de entrada de comandos de PC1, utilice el comando
tracert
para determinar
dónde falla la conexión.
Línea de comando 1.0 de la PC de Packet
Tracer PC>tracert 192.168.30.10
Utilice la combinación de teclas Ctrl-C para salir del comando
tracert
. ¿Cuál es el último
router que responde a
tracert
?
EL ROUTER R1 (192.168.10.1) hay comunicación con el
interface Fa0/0, pero no continua por la S0/0/0/
Paso 3: Documentar los síntomas del problema.
NO HAY COMUNICACIÓN A TRAVES DEL PUERTO SERIE 0/0/0 DEL ROUTER R1 CON EL
RESTO DE LA RED
Tarea 2: Reunir información acerca del problema
Paso 1: Acceder al último router que respondió al paquete traceroute.
Establezca una conexión Telnet al último router que respondió a
tracert
. Utilice
cisco
y
class
como contraseñas de Telnet y enable, respectivamente.
Paso 2: Utilizar los comandos de resolución de problemas para investigar por qué este
router quizá no envía el rastreo al siguiente salto.
Utilice los siguientes comandos para aislar problemas específicos con la interfaz serial:
•
show ip interface brief
•
show interfaces serial
•
show controllers serial
El comando
show ip interface brief
indica si una interfaz se configuró correctamente y si
se puso en línea correctamente con el comando
no shutdown
.
El comando
show interface serial
proporciona más información sobre la interfaz que está
fallando. Indica uno de los cinco estados posibles:
•
Serial x is down, line protocol is down
•
Serial x is up, line protocol is down
•
Serial x is up, line protocol is up (looped)
•
Serial x is up, line protocol is down (disabled)
•
Serial x is administratively down, line protocol is down
El comando
show interface serial
también muestra qué encapsulación se está utilizando en la
interfaz. Para esta actividad, todos los routers deben utilizar la encapsulación HDLC.
El comando
show controllers serial
indica el estado de los canales de la interfaz y si un cable
está conectado a la interfaz o no.
Es probable que también deba verificar la configuración del router conectado para detectar el
problema.
Paso 3: Documentar el problema y sugerir soluciones.
¿Cuáles son algunas posibles razones por las que puede fallar un enlace serial?
UN INTERFACE SERIE PUEDE DAR FALLO SI EL INTERFACE NO ESTA ACTIVO, SI EL
CABLE ESTA CONECTADO A UNA INTERFACE ERRONEA, SI LA VELOCIDAD DE RELOJ
NO ES LA MISMA EN LOS DOS EXTREMOS DEL SERIAL, SI NO TIENE CONFIGURADAS
LAS IP’s Y MASCARAS DE RED DE LOS INTERFACES Y ADEMAS EL PROTOCOLO DE
ENCAPSULACION DEBE SER LA MISMA.
Tarea 3: Implementar la solución y probar la conectividad
Paso 1: Realizar los cambios según las soluciones sugeridas en la Tarea 2.
Paso 2: Utilizar el ping para probar la conectividad de extremo a extremo.
En la línea de comandos del router o la PC1, utilice los comandos
ping
y
tracert
para
probar la conectividad a la PC3.
Si los pings fallan, regrese a la Tarea 2 para continuar con la resolución de problemas. Es
posible que en algún momento deba comenzar la resolución de problemas desde la PC3.
Paso 3. Verificar los resultados.
Haga clic en
Verificar resultados
y luego en la ficha
Pruebas de conectividad
. La
Prueba de conectividad debe tener éxito ahora.
Paso 4. Resumir los resultados.
Problema 1: ROUTER R1. INTERFACE SERIE 0/0/0 TIENE CONFIURADA LA
ENCAPSULACION PPP, SIN EMBARGO ESTAMOS UTILIZANDO ENCAPSULACION HDLC
Solución 1: CONFIGURAR EL INTERFACE SERIE 0/0/0 DEL ROUTER R1 CON
ENCAPSULACION HDLC
Problema 2: ROUTER R2. INTERFACE SERIE 0/0/1. NO TIENE ACTIVADA LA SEÑAL DE
RELOJ
Solución 2: ACTIVAR LA SEÑAL DE RELOJ Y CONFIGURARLA A 64.000 COMO EL OTRO
EXTREMO DEL CABLE SERIAL CON R3
Problema 3: ROUTER R3. INTERFACE SERIE 0/0/0 NO TIENE EL CABLE CONECTADO. EN
LA TABLA DE DIRECCIONAMIENTO FIGURA LA CONEXIÓN EN 0/0/0, PERO ESTA
CONECTADO A LA INTERFACE SERIE 0/0/1
Solución 3: ACTIVAMOS LA INTERFACE SERIAL 0/0/1, QUE ES DONDE ESTA
CONECTADO EL CABLE SERIE.
PC1 A TOUTER R1
*****************************************************************
PC>telnet 192.168.10.1
Trying 192.168.10.1 ...OpenAUTHORIZED ACCESS ONLY User Access Verification
Password: R1>en Password:
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up down
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down R1#
R1#show interface serial 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down (disabled) Hardware is HD64570
Description: Link to R2
Internet address is 10.1.1.1/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) LCP Closed
Closed: LEXCP, BRIDGECP, IPCP, CCP, CDPCP, LLC2, BACP Last input never, output never, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up R1#
R1#
R1#show controllers serial 0/0/0 Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 DCE V.35, clock rate 64000
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0 SCC Registers:
General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers:
Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000 Mask [CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580
Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF [PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E [PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C address 3B6DAC4 rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C address 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
R1# R1#
R1#configure t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down R1#
R1#exit
PC1 A TOUTER R2
*****************************************************************
[Connection to 192.168.10.1 closed by foreign host] PC>telnet 10.1.1.2
Trying 10.1.1.2 ...OpenAUTHORIZED ACCESS ONLY User Access Verification
Password: R2>en Password:
R2#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0/0 10.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial0/0/1 10.2.2.1 YES manual down down Serial0/1/0 209.165.200.225 YES manual up up Serial0/1/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down R2#show interface serial 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is HD64570
Description: Link to R1
Internet address is 10.1.1.2/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 50 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 61 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 96 packets input, 4006 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 85 packets output, 4215 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up R2#
R2#show interface serial 0/0/1
Serial0/0/1 is down, line protocol is down (disabled) Hardware is HD64570
Description: Link to R3
Internet address is 10.2.2.1/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions
DCD=down DSR=down DTR=down RTS=down CTS=down R2#
R2#show controllers serial 0/0/0 Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 DTE V.35 TX and RX clocks detected
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0 SCC Registers:
General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers:
Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000 Mask [CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580
Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF [PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E [PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C address 3B6DAC4 rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C address 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
R2#show controllers serial 0/0/1 Interface Serial0/0/1
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 DCE V.35, no clock
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0 SCC Registers:
General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers:
Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000 Mask [CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580
Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF
Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E [PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C address 3B6DAC4 rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C address 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
R2#configure t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#interface serial 0/0/1
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R2(config-if)#^Z
R2#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0/0 10.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial0/0/1 10.2.2.1 YES manual down down Serial0/1/0 209.165.200.225 YES manual up up Serial0/1/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down R2#show interface serial 0/0/1
Serial0/0/1 is down, line protocol is down (disabled) Hardware is HD64570
Description: Link to R3
Internet address is 10.2.2.1/30
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
PC3 A ROUTER R3
***************************************************************
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0 PC>telnet 192.168.30.1
Trying 192.168.30.1 ...OpenAUTHORIZED ACCESS ONLY User Access Verification
Password: R3>en Password:
R3#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0/1 10.2.2.2 YES manual administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down R3#show interface serial 0/0/0
Serial0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled) Hardware is HD64570
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions
R3#show controllers serial 0/0/0 Interface Serial0/0/0
Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860 No serial cable attached
idb at 0x81081AC4, driver data structure at 0x81084AC0 SCC Registers:
General [GSMR]=0x2:0x00000000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0x8 Events [SCCE]=0x0000, Mask [SCCM]=0x0000, Status [SCCS]=0x00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0x0, Data Sync [DSR]=0x7E7E Interrupt Registers:
Config [CICR]=0x00367F80, Pending [CIPR]=0x0000C000 Mask [CIMR]=0x00200000, In-srv [CISR]=0x00000000 Command register [CR]=0x580
Port A [PADIR]=0x1030, [PAPAR]=0xFFFF [PAODR]=0x0010, [PADAT]=0xCBFF Port B [PBDIR]=0x09C0F, [PBPAR]=0x0800E [PBODR]=0x00000, [PBDAT]=0x3FFFD Port C [PCDIR]=0x00C, [PCPAR]=0x200
[PCSO]=0xC20, [PCDAT]=0xDF2, [PCINT]=0x00F Receive Ring
rmd(68012830): status 9000 length 60C address 3B6DAC4 rmd(68012838): status B000 length 60C address 3B6D444 Transmit Ring
R3#configure t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3(config-if)#interface serial 0/0/1
R3(config-if)#no shutdown R3(config-if)#^Z
R3#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES manual down down Serial0/0/1 10.2.2.2 YES manual up up
Vlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down R3#