REFLEXÕES ACERCA DOS MUNDOS DO TRABALHO NO BRASIL
Carlos Alberto Vieira Borba1
!"#$%&'()'*+%,-%./,012% !"#$!%&$'()*"*%+,"+-%.#$'()*/)*,!$0$12)* no Brasil recente. 314516-78%9,0'*+-4(-$%:;<<2%%
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a década de 1970.
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Estruturado em quatro capítulos ao longo de cento e trinta
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coletar o que lhes interessa.
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outros sujeitos I0-%W(-'(1>%,*45*F7*'1=%1%F=-4-'H1%,+%4*E'*S51,+% ,+4%51(1,+=-4%'14%5*,1,-4X2%f/%I0-$%1+%>-4>+%(->F+%->%I0-%+% 51(1,+=%B%617+=*K1,+%F+=%(=1'4J+=>1=%W617+=%,-%04+%-%,-%(=+51%+% I0-%J+=1%,-451=(1,+%F-71%4+5*-,1,-X$%-7-%(1>?B>%4-%6R%5+>?1(*,+%
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g-'(=+% ,-44-% 5+'(-U(+$% +4% -4J+=H+4% ,+% @*4(+=*1,+=%&'()'*+% +4*%6L+%'+%4-'(*,+%,-%F-=5-?-=%4-%-4(/%E-=>*'1',+%0>%40Q-*(+% 5+7-(*6+% -% I01*4% 4L+% 14% F10(14% ,-% 70(14% ,-44-4% (=1?17@1,+=-4$% 5+>+8% =-Q-*HL+% e% 40?+=,*'1HL+% 1+% F+,-=% FA?7*5+$% 1% 70(1% F-7+% =-5+'@-5*>-'(+%,1%F=+S44L+$%1%E1=1'(*1%,-%,*=-*(+4%4+5*1*4%5+>+%
a aposentadoria.
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os estudos produzidos na academia e nos sindicatos destacam
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percepção dos jovens sobre o mundo do trabalho.
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essas narrativas ainda revelam a consciência dos jovens sobre
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entender a constituição do trabalho doméstico atualmente. Para ele a predominância de mulheres no trabalho doméstico e sua desvalorização representam traços herdados da escravidão.
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apenas por mulheres negras.
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políticas e sindicais não as alcançavam até meados dos anos
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patrão o paternalismo. Essas ideias são reproduzidas na literatura
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pelas telenovelas.
Na leitura de +4*$%Q0'(1>-'(-%5+>%-441%*,-'(*,1,-$%->-=E*0%
1% F-=5-FHL+% ,1% ,+>B4(*51% 5+>+% (=1?17@1,+=1% -UF7+=1,1% '1%
década de 1960. Essa nova percepção surgiu principalmente pelo
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no ano de 1973.
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acarretou na garantia de direitos trabalhistas e muitas trabalhadoras
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doméstico e a aplicação dos direitos registrados em lei. Nesse
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importância para que as empregadas domésticas tivessem outra visão sobre o mundo do trabalho.
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para diminuir o número de trabalhadoras domésticas no trabalho
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trabalhistas ainda persistem e de acordo5+>%D',*5-4%-U(=1D,+4%
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apoiando-se em estudos sobre o tema produzidos nos últimos
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trabalhadoras domésticas das quaisdormem no serviço diminuiu
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aumento do seu trabalho em um período menor de tempo. E por
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!%(-=5-*=+%51FD(07+$%,-'+>*'1,+%,-%W.=-51=*K1HL+%,+%(=1?17@+% ,+5-'(-%'+% =14*78%'+614%-%6-7@14%J+=>14%,-%,+>*'1HL+%51F*(17*4(1% c<iq;%O%:;;kdX$+%10(+=%4*(01%+%(=1?17@+%,+5-'(-%'+%5+'(-U(+%,-%
mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho e no processo de
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atenção do leitor para a seguinte questão: muitos estudos sobre a precarização do trabalho docente tem-se preocupado apenas com
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trabalham no Ensino Superior público.
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categoria não ocorre apenas com o docente sob o regime
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sobre as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho nesses
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como o desenvolvimento de medidas neoliberais acelerou esse
*44+%W40?(=1*=%14%57/040714%I0-%,-S'*1>%F=+(-HL+%-%,*=-*(+4%,+4% (=1?17@1,+=-4X2%94414%>-,*,14%J+=1>%5+'(*'01,14%F+=%\-='1',+% s-'=*I0-% 31=,+4+$% I0-% 1F=+J0',+0% 1% ,-4=-E071>-'(1HL+% ,1%
legislação trabalhista.
"-E0',+%+%10(+=$%B%*>F+=(1'(-%417*-'(1=%-4414%I0-4(M-4$%F+*4% B% ,*1'(-% ,+% W5+'(-U(+% ,-% F=-51=*K1HL+% ,+% (=1?17@+% I0-% >0*(14% >0,1'H14% '+% (=1?17@+% ,+5-'(-% 6R>% 4-',+% +F-=1,14X2% Y>1% ,-4414% >0,1'H14% B% +% 5=-45*>-'(+% ,+% 'A>-=+% ,-% F=+J-44+=-4% I0-%,-%<;i%>*7%'+%1'+%,-%<iq;%F1441%1%:ji%>*7%->%:;;p$%+%I0-% =-F=-4-'(1%0>%10>-'(+%,-%<kpt2%[14$%F1=1%+%10(+=$%-44-%E=1',-% 10>-'(+% ,+% 'A>-=+% ,-% F=+J-44+=-4% 1(-',-% F=*'5*F17>-'(-% 1+% 9'4*'+%"0F-=*+=%F=*61,+$%Q/%I0-$%1%F1=(*=%,1%,B51,1%,-%<ii;%-$%
sobretudo no segundo mandato do presidente Fernando Henrique
31=,+4+$%@+06-%0>%10>-'(+%,1%J+=H1%,-%(=1?17@+%'14%#9"%FA?7*514% ,-%q;t%-'(=-%+%F-=D+,+%,-%<iq;%1%:;;p$%-'I01'(+%I0-%'+%4-(+=% F=*61,+$%'+%>-4>+%F-=D+,+$%J+*%,-%r:;t2%%%
+4*%15=-45-'(1%1%-441%4*(01HL+%,-%F=*61(*K1HL+%,+%9'4*'+%
Superior público e a essa F=-51=*K1HL+%,+%(=1?17@+%,+5-'(-$%1% T-U*?*7*K1HL+%'+4%=-E*>-4%,-%(=1?17@+42%&'5+=1',+]4-%'+%5-'4+% ,+%#'-F%c:;;pd$%+%10(+=%5+'570*%I0-%1F-'14%<mt%,+4%,+5-'(-4% (=1?17@1>% 4+?% +% =-E*>-% ,-% ,-,*51HL+% -U5704*61$% J1(+% I0-% ,->+'4(=1% 1% *'(=1'4*ER'5*1% 5+>% +4% F1=G>-(=+4% -U*E*,+4% F-71% hg $%I0-%,-S'-%0>%(-=H+%,+%5+=F+%,+5-'(-%->%=-E*>-%,-%(->F+% *'(-E=172%\1(+%I0-%1*',1%B%>1*4%171=>1'(-%'+%-'4*'+%F=*61,+$%+',-% 1%E=1',-%>1*+=*1%,14%0'*6-=4*,1,-4%'L+%1(-',->%-441%-U*ER'5*12% &'()'*+% +4*% -7-'51% I0-% 1% F=-44L+% ,+% 94(1,+% ?=14*7-*=+% ->% 10>-'(1=% 1% 51=E1% @+=/=*1% -% 1% F=+,0(*6*,1,-% ,+5-'(-$% (->% =-F=-4-'(1,+%+%WF=+5-44+%->F=-41=*17%,1%5*R'5*1X$%-%15=-45-'(1% I0-%E=1',-%F1=(-%,+4%=-50=4+4%*'6-4(*,+4%F-7+4%V=EL+4%,-%J+>-'(+% e% F-4I0*41$% 5+>+$% 31F-4$% 3N.l% -% \0',1HM-4% 94(1,01*4% ,-% &>F1=+%e%.-4I0*41%=-F=-4-'(1>%0>1%>1'-*=1%,-%17+51=%=-50=4+4% F1=1%1%=-F=+,0HL+%,+%51F*(172%.+=%*44+$%'-44-%1(017%5+'(-U(+$%+4%
investi>-'(+4% ,-4(*'1,+4% e4% /=-14% ,14% 5*R'5*14% @0>1'14% (->% 4*,+%*'4*E'*S51'(-%,*1'(-%,+4%17(+4%*'6-4(*>-'(+4%'14%/=-14%,-%
944-%>+,-7+%,-%-'4*'+%I0-%(->%4-%,-4-'6+76*,+%'+% =14*7% -U*E-%0>%E=1',-%10>-'(+%,-%F=+,0HL+%-%5+>F-(*(*6*,1,-$%6*4(+%
que esses recursos para a pesquisa são disputados e destinados
1+%,+5-'(-%I0-%(*6-=%>1*4%F=+,0(*6*,1,-2%[14$%1+%>-4>+%(->F+% I0-%4-%(->%0>%E=1',-%'A>-=+%'1%F=+,0HL+$%'L+%4-%5+'4-E0-% 1J-=*=%1%I017*,1,-%,-441%F=+,0HL+2%g-%15+=,+%5+>% +4*$%(+,14% -4414%5+'4*,-=1HM-4%40F=15*(1,14%(R>%7-61,+%1+%,-4-'6+76*>-'(+% ,+% ,+5-'(-% ->F=--',-,+=$% I0-% ?0451% =-50=4+4% '14% *'*5*1(*614% F=*61,14%'1%>1*+=*1%,14%6-K-4$%F=+,0K*',+%F-4I0*414%I0-%6L+%
ao encontro do que deseja o capital.
Diante de (+,14% -4414% +?4-=61HM-4$% +% 10(+=% 5+'570*% 4-0% =15*+5D'*+% 1S=>1',+% I0-% '-44-% 57*>1% F=+,0(*6*4(1% +4% ,+5-'(-4% 'L+%5+'4-E0->%F=+,0K*=%0>1%*,-'(*,1,-$%->%I0-%4-%F-=5-?-%1%
necessidade de organização e mobilização contra esse modelo
,-%-,051HL+$%-%I0-%1'(-4%=-4(=*(1%e%.V4]E=1,01HL+$%-441%507(0=1% F=+,0(*6*4(1% 5@-E1% (1>?B>% e% E=1,01HL+$% 5+'(1>*'1',+]1% -% 40?>-(-',+]1%'1%>-4>1%7VE*51%,1I0-712%%
N+% A7(*>+% 51FD(07+% WY>% -'41*+% 4+?=-% *',04(=*17*K1HL+$%
desenvolvimento econômico e trabalho degredado no oeste do
.1=1'/X$ &'()'*+% +4*% =-J0(1% 14% *,-*14% I0-% 4L+% ,*44->*'1,14%
nos estudos sobre a acumulação do capital no oeste do
.1=1'/$%I0-%,-J-',->%I0-%1%1E=+*',A4(=*1%J+*%=-4F+'4/6-7%F-7+%
desenvolvimento econômico e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos
+F-=/=*+4%,-441%=-E*L+2%"-E0',+%-44-%@*4(+=*1,+=$%E=1',-%F1=(-% ,-44-4%-4(0,+4%4L+%F=+,0K*,+4%'+%4-'(*,+%,-%J+=Q1=%1%*,-*1%,-% 405-44+%+=*0',1%,1%1E=+*',A4(=*1$%144*>$%-7-4%-4(L+%40?+=,*'1,+4% W1+4%*>F-=1(*6+4%-5+')>*5+4%=-E*+'1*4X$%I0-%?0451>%'1%E-=1HL+% ,-%=-',1%-%,-%->F=-E+%14%=-T-UM-4%F1=1%1J-=*=%+%405-44+%,-441%
atividade.
h+'E-% ,-% F-=F-(01=% -441% *,-*1$%&'()'*+% +4*% -4J+=H1]4-% F1=1% ,-45+'4(=0*]71$% ?0451',+$% 1(=16B4% ,14% -UF-=*R'5*14% ,+4% (=1?17@1,+=-4$%>+4(=1=%1%,-E=1,1HL+%,+%4-0%5+(*,*1'+%,-%(=1?17@+% '14%*',A4(=*14%17*>-'(D5*14%,1%=-E*L+%+-4(-%,+%.1=1'/2%.1=1%=-17*K1=% (17%+?Q-(*6+$%+%10(+=%F=+50=1%1'(-4%J1K-=%0>1%?=-6-%=-T-UL+%15-=51% ,+%,-4-'6+76*>-'(+%51F*(17*4(1%'1%@*4(V=*1%-%'1%@*4(+=*+E=1S1%F1=1%
pensar o capitalismo na sociedade brasileira atual. E dialogando
\+'(1'1%=-T-(-%5+>+%1%*,-*1%,-%W,-4-'6+76*>-'(+%-5+')>*5+X%
presente desde o início do sistema capitalista serviu para
,*44->*'1=% 1% *,-*1% ,-% F=+E=-44+% -% >+,-='*K1HL+$% 1617*1',+% +% F+,-=%,-%5+'40>+%-%,-%1I0*4*HL+%,-%?-'4%>1(-=*1*4$%5+>+%F1,=L+%
de vida.
+4*%?0451%F=*>-*=1>-'(-%-'(-',-=%(+,+%+%5+'(-U(+%F+7D(*5+$%
econômico e social para depois desenvolver seu raciocínio sobre
14%J+=>14%1(01*4%,-%*'(-'4*S51HL+%,+%(=1?17@+%'+4%=-E*>-4%J1?=*4% ,+%!-4(-%,+%.1=1'/2%.+=%*44+%B%*>F+=(1'(-%,*450(*=%14%'01'5-4%,+% F=+5-44+%,-%-UF=+F=*1HL+%6*6*,+%F-7+4%(=1?17@1,+=-4%'-4(1%=-E*L+$% 4+?%0>%'+6+%+7@1=$%1>F1=1',+]4-%F=*'5*F17>-'(-%'14%'1==1(*614%
dessas pessoas F1=1% F-=5-?-=% 1% 6*+7R'5*1% ,-% (17% F=+5-44+$% Q/%
I0-%+4%-4(0,+4%4+?=-%1%-UF=+F=*1HL+%,+%(=1?17@+%'-441%=-E*L+$% ,-% 15+=,+% 5+>% +% 10(+=$% J+51>% 1% 1?+=,1E->% ,-44-% F=+5-44+% 1F-'14%'1%>+,-='*K1HL+%,+%51>F+$%+%I0-%F1=1%-7-%-U570*%(+,1%1% 5+>F7-U*,1,-%,-44-%>+6*>-'(+2%
!% 10(+=% ,-4(151% +% F1F-7% ,+% 94(1,+% '14% *>F71'(1HM-4% -% ,-4-'6+76*>-'(+%,-4414%*',A4(=*14%'+%+-4(-%,+%.1=1'/2%9>%401% +F*'*L+$%F1=1%1(=1*=%-4(14%*',A4(=*14$%14%1,>*'*4(=1HM-4%>0'*5*F1*4% *4-'(1>%14%J/?=*514%,-%4-04%5+>F=+>*44+4%S451*4$%17B>%,-%>0*(14% 6-K-4%S'1'5*1=%14%+?=14%,-%*'J=1-4(=0(0=1%,-4414%J/?=*514$%-%,-%
desenvolver programas sociais para diminuir a incidência dos
?1*U+4% 417/=*+4% '1% 6*,1% ,+4% (=1?17@1,+=-42% 9% 0(*7*K1',+]4-% ,+4%
dados do Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico
-%"+5*17%c#F1=,-4d$%&'()'*+% +4*%F-=5-?-0%I0-%-4414%1HM-4%,14% 1,>*'*4(=1HM-4% >0'*5*F1*4% =-407(1=1>% '0>% E=1',-% 10>-'(+% ,-%'A>-=+%,-%->F=-E+4%=-715*+'1,+4%e%*',A4(=*1%,-%F=+,0HL+% 17*>-'(D5*12%g-4(151',+%14%*',A4(=*14%,-%1?1(-%,-%16-4$%4*(01,1% '1%>*5=+==-E*L+%,-%314516-7%-%1%,-%40D'+4$%7+517*K1,1%'1%=-E*L+%
de Toledo.
w% F1=(*',+% ,-4414% F+',-=1HM-4% I0-% +% 10(+=% 4-% +FM-% 1+4%
estudos dos quais indicam que as indústrias alimentícias na
5-=(14%1(*6*,1,-4%-%1%*'(-'4*S51HL+%,+%(=1?17@+%(R>%=-407(1,+%->% 6/=*+4%F=+?7->14%,-%41A,-$%-'(=-%-4(-4%1%F=-4-'H1%,-%,+-'H14$% 5+>+$%F+=%-U->F7+$ 1%h9a%ch-4L+%F+=%94J+=H+%a-F-(*(*6+d$%I0-%
é a mais evidenciada.
.1=1%&'()'*+% +4*$% ->% 5+'4-I0R'5*1% ,14% 5+',*HM-4% ,-% (=1?17@+$%,1%401 *'(-'4*S51HL+%-%,+4%?1*U+4%417/=*+4$%B%'+(/6-7% 1% J+=>1HL+% ,-% 0>% W-UB=5*(+% *',04(=*17% ,-% =-4-=61X$% '1% 5*,1,-% ,-%[1=-5@17%3G',*,+%a+',+'2%.1=1%5@-E1=%1%-441%5+'5704L+$%
o escritor recorreu a dados do Ipardes e notou que houve uma
4*E'*S51(*61%F-=,1%,1%F+F071HL+$%F=*'5*F17>-'(-%-'(=-%+4%F-=D+,+4% ,-% <iqm]<ii<% -% <iik]:;;;$% =-407(1'(-% ,+4% J1(+=-4% 1F+'(1,+4% 15*>12% #44+% =-6-71% I0-% >-4>+% (-',+% +J-=(1% ,-% ->F=-E+4$% +4% +F-=/=*+4%,1%*',A4(=*1%17*>-'(D5*1%(R>%=-Q-*HL+%F+=%-44-4%->F=-E+4%
e salientam a precariedade e insalubridade do trabalho nessas indústrias.
&4% ,*45044M-4% (=161,14% F-7+% 10(+=% '-441% +?=1% =-4-'@1,1% 4L+%*>F+=(1'(-4%F1=1%'+4%1(-'(1=>+4%e4%'+614%5+'SE0=1HM-4%,+% 4*4(->1%51F*(17*4(1$%-%F1=1%=-F-'41=>+4%14%F=+,0HM-4%4+?=-%+% >0',+%,+4%(=1?17@1,+=-4%'1%@*4(+=*+E=1S1$%Q/%I0-%>0*(+4%(=1?17@+4% (R>%4-%,-?=0H1,+%1F-'14%->%F-=5-?-=%14%>0,1'H14%,+%W(=1?17@+% F-7+%(=1?17@+X$%5+7+51',+%+%(=1?17@1,+=%->%4-E0',+%F71'+2
