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Faculty of Nursing
E-Learning
Prepared by
Zeinab shaban ali kareem
Assistant lecture of maternity and newborn health nursing
Supervised byDR. SafaaAbd El-Rahman
Professor of Nursing Administration department
Dr/Mona Thabet
Lecturer of Nusing Administeration department
Faculty of Nursing–El Minia University
2019-2020
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— General objective
At the end of this session the doctorate students will be able to gain knowledge and skills related to E-Learning.
— Specific objectives
-Identify the term of E-Learning.
-Identify types of E-Learning -Mention principle of E-Learning
-Determine Characteristics of E-Learning
-Discuss advantages &disadvantage of E-Learning -Identify barrier of E-Learning
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Outlines:
Introduction
Definition
Types of E-learning
Characteristics of a Good e-Learning Course
Principle of E-learning
Advantages & Disadvantages of E-Learning
Barrier to E-Learning
Role of the instructor
References
4 Introduction :
Education is no longer limited to the classroom environment. New ways of teaching and learning are being developed mainly to reach a greater number of students.
These new methods offer maximum amount of flexibility to students as well as educators. A set of teaching and /or learning strategies to meet the learning needs of students separate from the traditional classroom setting and sometimes from traditional roles of faculty. It is application of telecommunication and electronic devices to enable learners to receive instruction that originates from some distance location. It is a formal educational process in which the majority of the instruction occurs when learner and instructor are not the same place.
E-learning can be defined as learning and communication exercises across computers and networks or electronic sources. (Wong, 2007 ; Schank, 2002; Roffe, 2002 & Tsai & Machado, 2002; Sambrook, 2003; Fry; Wild, Grggs and Downing, 2002) have defined E-learning as ‘delivery of training and education via networked interactivity and distribution technologies. ‘According to Khan (2008), the word E- learning is used for an open, flexible, and diverse E-learning environment. ‘E- learning can be analyzed as an inventive approach for delivering learner-centered, well designed, interactive, and facilitated learning environment to anyplace, anyone, anytime by utilizing the features and resources of different digital technologies along with other forms of learning materials suited for open, distributed, and flexible learning environment’ (Khan, 2008).
5 Definition:
Electronic learning (or e-Learning or eLearning) is a general term used to refer to a form of learning in which the instructor and student are separated by space or time where the gap between the two is bridged through the use of online technologies.
What is E-learning? E-Learning is also called
Distance Learning,
Computer-Based Training (CBT),
Internet-Based Training (IBT),
Web-Based Training (WBT).
It can include text, video, audio, animation and virtual environments.
It's self-paced, hands-on learning.
Types of E-learning
6 1.Synchronous E-Learning
Synchronous learning: learning and teaching takes place in real time (same time) while the trainer and learners are physically separated from each other.
Examples include:
listening to a live radio broadcast watching live a television broadcast
audio/video conferencing
Internet telephony
online lectures
2. Asynchronous E-learning
Asynchronous learning is the fact that that the trainer prepares the courseware material before the course takes place. The learner is free to decide when he wants to study the courseware.
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In other words Asynchronous e-learning where people are not online at the same time and interaction does not occur without a time delay, allowing people to participate on their schedules.
Examples include:
self-paced courses taken via Internet or CD-ROM videotaped classes
stored audio/video Web presentations or seminars
recorded audio tapes Q & A mentoring
reading e-mail messages
Characteristics of a Good e-Learning Course
1) Engaging But Not Distracting Getting learners to focus on your material is difficult, no thanks to the amount of information on the web you can get lost
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into. Efficient course developers make focusing with the material easier by making it fun and engaging. Instead of fussing over interactive and flashy elements, they prioritize active learning by placing students in charge of their lessons.
2) Useful and Simple Simplicity and usefulness are basic elements.
3) Relevant and Meaningful
Learners may appreciate lofty theories but they need to understand first how your course can benefit them. You have to design courses that affect how learners choose or decide on their personal or professional lives. Show them the relevance of the course via showing real life implications.
4)Polished, from Start to Finish With good courses, every section is consistently polished. Quality is never compromised. The entire course is a work of a craftsman who delivers a consistent learning experience through ruthless editing, revising and polishing.
5) Easy to Access E-learning tools should be easy to access and readily available to students working at home and at school.
6) Easy to Use E-learning tools should be easy to use and fairly intuitive. This means that students should be able to figure out the basic steps for working with the tool without involved tutorials or instructions.
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TEN PRINCIPLES FOR SUCCESSFUL e-LEARNING
Principle 1: Match to the Curriculum (Anderson, et al., 2005): Pedagogy should match and be aligned with appropriate curriculum via clear objectives; content relevance; student activity appropriateness and nature of the assessment.
Principle 2: Inclusion: Pedagogy should include practice seen regarding different types/range of achievement and physical disabilities which can be specifically supported by e-learning.
Principle 3: Learner Engagement: Learners should be engaged and motivated by pedagogy.
Principle 4: Innovative Approaches
Principle 5: Effective Learning: This can be demonstrated through many ways;
using various approaches in the learning platform to permit a student to choose what suits him/her.
Principle 6: Formative Assessment: Pedagogy should ensure formative assessment.
Principle 7: Summative Assessment: This must be valid and reliable, and handle various achievement levels; it should also be free from learner’s adverse emotional impact.
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Principle 8: Coherence, Consistency & Transparency: Student activity and assessment should match each other and pedagogy should be internally coherent/consistent in matching objectives and content.
Principle 9: Ease of Use: e-learning should ensure ease of use and transparency.
Principle 10:Cost-Effectiveness: Technology solutions should be justifiable/affordable with sustainable costs.
ADVANTAGES OF E-LEARNING:
1- Individualized instructions:
E-learning provides individualized instructions suiting to the need, abilities, learning styles and interests of the learners. Thus, it is learner-centered.
2.Disadvantageous children:
it is available for those with poor health or disadvantageous conditions that can inhibit them from undergoing any institutionalized education. E-learning enables even handicapped like deaf and dumb to learn.
3 . Qualitative:
E-learning has a unique feature of arranging an access to unlimited number of students the same quality of the content that a full time student has.
4.Effective media:
E-learning can prove an effective media and tool for facing the problems of lack of trained teachers and shortage of schools .
11 5. Different learning styles:
Unlike traditional class room education, e-learning can cater to different learning styles and promote collaboration among students from different localities, cultures, regions, states and countries.
6. Flexibility:
The flexibility of e-learning in terms of delivery media (like CD, DVD, Laptops and Mobile Phones), type of courses and access may prove very beneficial for the learners.
7. Play-way spirit and learning by doing:
Learning experiences via simulated and gaming techniques may also provide the advantages of getting richer experiences by doing or .
8. Interesting and motivating:
E-learning may make the students more interested and motivated towards learning as they may get a wide variety of learning experiences by having an access to multimedia .
9. On-line, Off-line and live interaction:
The opportunities of having an on-line, off-line and live interaction between the students and teachers and among the students themselves may make the task of e- learning a joy and best alternative to the lively face-to-face interaction and real time sharing of the experiences in a traditional class room settings.
12 10. Self-learning and self-improvement:
E-learning leads to self-learning. It can be utilized for improving technical and vocational skills.
11. Evaluation and feedback:
E-learning can also provide opportunities for testing and evaluating the learning outcomes of the learners through teachers, peers and auto-instructional devices and software available with the reading material online, or through the internet and mobile phone facilities.
DISADVANTAGES OF E-LEARNING:
1. Requires knowledge and skills:
E-learning requires special knowledge and skills for the use of multimedia Internet and Web technology on the part of the users. Lack of knowledge and skills on this account may prove futile in taking advantages from the valuable services of e- learning.
2.Lack of equipment:
Most of our schools are not at all ready, willing and equipped for making use of e- learning in the proper interest of the teachers and students. Leaving aside a small number of self-financing public schools meant for children of rich parents, most of the schools in our country cannot even imagine for venturing in the area of e- learning.
13 3 .Costly:
E-learning is more costly than traditional education. E-learning tools are very expensive.
4.Feeling of isolation:
The feeling of isolation experienced by the users of e-learning is one of the main defects quite visible in any system of distance learning including e-learning. There is no face-to-face interaction and humanistic touch profoundly available in the traditional class room setup
5.Negative attitude:
an overall attitude of the learners, teachers, parents, educational authorities and society is usually found negative towards the processes and products of e-learning.
6. Adverse effect on health:
E-learning adversely effects the eyesight and some other parts of the body. The learners become physically inactive. Sometimes they become victims of physical diseases.
7 . Lack of co-curricular activities:
Co-curricular have great importance in the field of learning and education. But these activities are neglected in e-learning.
8. Technical defect:
E-learning is based on technology. When technical defect occurs, e-learning stops.
As a result, continuity of learning is broken and there is no progress in e-learning.
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Barriers To E-Learning Adoption
1. Individuals Unwilling To Change
Change is always difficult to accept and e-Learning is no exception. eLearning changes the concept of learning as know. Very often they are not aware of the benefits it brings to them as individuals and to the organization as a whole. Often, Subject Matter Experts or trainers feel threatened by eLearning thinking they are likely to be replaced
2. Unfamiliar With Self-Initiated Learning
People are tuned to the fact the learning takes place in a traditional classroom setting with a teacher/instructor taking the lead, initiating the process and guiding all along.
3. Courses Are Not Instructionally Sound
If courses do not have any direct implication on employees’ jobs, they won’t have any motivation to take it. Courses have to be designed to address specific learning goals. At the same time, they have to be instructionally sound and engaging to keep alive the interest of learners. Poorly designed eLearning courses will surely find less or no takers.
4. Expected To Complete Learning During Personal Time
If employees were to go to a traditional training program, they do so during their workday and time. However, sometimes, there is ambiguity as to when employees are expected to complete the online courses assigned to them. If they are not given
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time off during work hours to complete them and are expected to use their personal time, it is not going to down well with them.
The role of instructor in E- learning :
1. Designing and developing interactive courseware to suit each new technology.
2. Guide the student to know when they are on the right track.
3. Highlight important points made during discussion.
4. Correct misconception or misunderstanding
5. Adapting teaching strategies to deliver instruction at a distance.
6. Training and practice in the use of telecommunications systems
7. Becoming involved in organization, collaborative planning, and decision- making.
8. Evaluating student achievement, attitudes, and perceptions at distant sites.
9. Provide feedback to the student
10. The instructors must be able to use all distance learning tools that are to be used by the students in the online course and be able to guide the student in the basic use of these tools as a part of the instructional process .
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Reference
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D. Randy Garrison; Terry Anderson; Definitions and Terminology Committee (2003). E-Learning in the 21st Century: A Framework for Research and Practice. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26346-7.
Al Januszewski A.; Molenda Michael. (2007) Educational Technology: A Definition with Commentary ISBN 978-0805858617
Lowenthal, P. R.; Wilson, B. G. (2010). "Labels do matter! A critique of AECT's redefinition of the field". TechTrends. 54 (1): 38–46. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.408.648. doi:10.1007/s11528-009-0362-y.
"Technology in Education: An Overview - Education Week".
www.edweek.org. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
Geng, F. (2014). Confusing terminologies: #e-learning, learning technologist, educational technologist,…discussed by @A_L_T
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https://blogs.it.ox.ac.uk/fawei/2014/07/29/confusing-terminologies-e- learning-learning-technologist-educational-technologistdiscussed-by- a_l_t-members/
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