Research Project No.(1)

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Research Project No.(1)

Question no.1

Write a research on the " Requirements and Classification of Refractory Material"

Question no.2

Draw sketch illustrating the main components of industrial furnace

Question no.3 Solve the following problem

An oil-fired reheating furnace has an operating temperature of around 1340°C.

Weight of stock (Billet) to be heated is (6000 kg/h), its Specific heat of Billet is (0.12 kcal/kg/°C). Average fuel consumption is 400litres/hour. Take Specific gravity of oil is (0.92), and calorific value of oil is (10000kcal/kg).

The flue gas exit temperature is 750°C, after air pre-heater, theoretical air required to burn 1 kg of oil is (14 kg air/kg oil), and average O2 percentage in flue gas is (12%).

Air is preheated from ambient temperature of (40°C to 190°C) through an air pre- heater.

Average surface temperature of heating + soaking zone is (122°C), and average surface temperature of area other than heating and soaking zone is (80°C). Area of heating + soaking zone is (70.18 m²), and area other than heating and soaking zone is (12.6 m²)

The furnace has 460 mm thick wall (x) on the billet extraction outlet side, which is (1m) high (H) and (1m) wide. The other data are as given below.

Find out the efficiency of the furnace by Indirect method

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Write a research on the " Physical Properties of Refractory Material"

Question no.2 Draw sketch illustrating the Rotary Hearth Furnace

5.1 Using the following data, draw up a heat balance sheet for a steel ingot soaking pit for a 20 hours test period which 130 tons of ingot are heated from 250C to 1250C (atmospheric condition at 100kPa, 25C) .

Data :

1-Mean temperature of

-Air after recuperator 625C

-Blast Furnace(B.F.) gas (fuel) after recuperator 455C -Flue gases after soaking pit 1065C -Flue gases after air recuperator 780C -Flue gases after B.F. gas recuperator 535C 2-Fuel data::-

-Average B.F. gas consumption 2805 m³/h -Net calorific value of B.F. gas 3.6 MJ/m³ -B.F. gas composition (by volume):

21.9%CO, 25%CO2, 16.4%H2, 0.6%CH4, 29.7%N2 and 6.4%O2 which is burned with 20.5% excess air

3-Mean specific heats:

-Air 1.260 kJ/ m³ K

-Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) 1.298 kJ/ m³ K

-Flue Gas (FG) 1.499 kJ/ m³ K

-Steel 0.754 kJ/ m³ K

-Scale formation 1.5% (by weight) of ingot

-Scale heat formation 6650 kJ/ kg of scale

-Structural loss 275 kW

Calculate the thermal efficiency of the furnace

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Research Project No.(3)

Question no.1

Write a research on the " Thermal Insulation Fire Bricks (IFB)"

Question no.2 Draw sketch illustrating the Heat Transfer in Furnaces.

The composition of a sample of coal shows 0.872 kg of Carbon and 0.042 kg of Hydrogen per kg of fuel. If the total air supplied is (1.52) times the minimum air required.

Calculate the heat carried away by the products of combustion per kg of coal fired if they escape to the chimney at a temperature of (350C).

Take specific heat of CO2, O2, N2, and steam as 0.219, 0.25, 0.244, and 0.445 respectively.

Assume steam to be at atmospheric pressure. The boiler temperature is (15C).

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Write a research on the " Hot Thermal Insulation Material "

Question no.2

Draw sketch illustrating the Waste heat recovery from a furnace".

An oil-fired reheating furnace has an operating temperature of around 1340°C.

Weight of stock (Billet) to be heated is (6000 kg/h), its Specific heat of Billet is (0.12 kcal/kg/°C). Average fuel consumption is 400litres/hour. Take Specific gravity of oil is (0.92), and calorific value of oil is (10000kcal/kg).

The flue gas exit temperature is 750°C, after air pre-heater, theoretical air required to burn 1 kg of oil is (14 kg air/kg oil), and average O2 percentage in flue gas is (12%).

Air is preheated from ambient temperature of (40°C to 190°C) through an air pre- heater.

Average surface temperature of heating + soaking zone is (122°C), and average surface temperature of area other than heating and soaking zone is (80°C). Area of heating + soaking zone is (70.18 m²), and area other than heating and soaking zone is (12.6 m²)

The furnace has 460 mm thick wall (x) on the billet extraction outlet side, which is (1m) high (H) and (1m) wide. The other data are as given below.

Find out the efficiency of the furnace by Indirect method

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Research Project No.(5)

Question no.1

Write a research on the " Thermal Properties of Refractory Materials "

Question no.2 Draw sketch of "oil burner".

The mass analysis of the fuel as fired during a boiler trial gave the following results 86% Carbon, 4% Hydrogen, 4.6% Oxygen, 0.4% S, the reminder being ash .If the Oxygen in the fuel is in combination with Hydrogen in the form of moisture,

Determine The Hydrogen available for combustion.

Calculate The theoretical minimum weight of air required for complete combustion of 1 kg of the fuel, and

Estimate The dry flue gas analysis by mass, when 50% excess air is supplied.