A QCD Dark Matter Axion Direct-Detection Experiment

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Chang Lee, Aug. 2021

MADMAX: A QCD Dark Matter

Axion Direct-Detection Experiment

17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2021) ID #362

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MADMAX: A QCD Dark Matter Axion Direct-Detection Experiment

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TAUP 2021 #362 Chang Lee

Axion

• Strong CP problem: why ?

• PQ solution: new dynamic field

• QCD explicitly breaks symmetry → Axion.

θ ≈ 0

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QCD

f a

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Axion Search

• Cold dark matter candidate

• Post-inflationary: m a ~100μeV

post-in

flationary scenario

http://physicstuﬀ.com/ how-do-magnets-work/

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TAUP 2021 #362 Chang Lee

Axion-induced emission

Inverse-Primakoﬀ

axion field a ω a

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Inverse-Primakoﬀ

magnetic field B e

axion field a ω a

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TAUP 2021 #362 Chang Lee

Inverse-Primakoﬀ

magnetic field B e

axion field a

E 0 α = − g aγ B e

ε 0 a

ω a

Axion-induced electric field

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• No E field inside metal

E-field discontinuity

ω a

Metal:

E α = 0

E 0 α = − g aγ B e

ε 0 a

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• E-field can not be discontinuous.

E-field discontinuity

ω a

Metal:

E α = 0

E 0 α = − g aγ B e

ε 0 a

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Axion-induced emission

traveling wave

ω a

E 0 γ = − E 0 α

Metal

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traveling wave

ω a

magnetic field B e

ω a ω a

Metal

Detection?

< 0.5 photons per hour  (25 GHz, 1m 2 , 10T)

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“Dish antenna”, BREAD, and FUNK

FFT

frequency

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TAUP 2021 #362 Chang Lee

• What if we reflect back the radiation?

Dielectrics

Metal

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“Boost” by dielectrics

Γ

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• changes by , so does .

• → -1, → ∞.

E α 1

1 + Γ E γ

Γ E α

Dielectrics

Metal

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Γ

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TAUP 2021 #362 Chang Lee

• →-1 with more dielectric layers. “Boost” further.

• “Series section matching”

Γ E γ

Dielectrics

Metal

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Proof-of-principle

DIN EN 20 216 - A2 (420 x 594)

Hauptprojektion Gewicht...: 4,008 kg

mm Dimensionen :

Ma e ohne Toleranzangabe nach DIN ISO 2768 m K

Werkstoff

Zeichnungsnummer / EDV Nr.:

Software...: Inventor 2018

Blatt: 4 Gesamtzahl: 4 V17.b Teil:

100mm Setup mit Taper

LHe Cryostat

MadMax

Projekt

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik

(Werner-Heisenberg-Institut)

gezeichnet geprueft geplottet

Tag Name

15.05.2020 Oberm ller

München

+0,1 -0,1

Ma stab

031-0417-001.idw 1 : 2

(1 : 5)

Entwurf 17.02.2020

sapphire spacing ring

copper mirror parabolic taper

J. Doane, Int. J. Infrared Milli. Waves 5 (1984)

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reflectivity magnitude [dB]

power boost

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Room temp reflectivity

Cryogenic measurement ongoing:  

hidden photon search

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re flectivity re flectivity

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• 100mm system in Mar 2022 during the SPSS shutdown.

Morpurgo magnet: 

1.6 T dipole

4 days, 410 K T sys

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room temperature, SNR=5,

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TAUP 2021 #362 Chang Lee

Scale-up Toward the QCD axion search

• Larger system

• Power from dielectric boundaries constructively interference.

• Tuning by moving disks

• Larger magnet

• Cryogenic system & low-noise receiver

Mirror Dielectric Disks Receiver

B e

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80 discs LnAlO3

50 MHz

Δν

ν = 2 × 10⁻³

LaAlO 3

power boost

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MADMAX collaboration

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MADMAX prototype

DFG recently funded! 

To be commissioned in

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20 x φ30cm disks piezo positioners  

& laser interferometer liquid helium bath

antenna & cold electronics

test in MORPURGO during SPSS shutdown 2024

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Prototype activities

• Piezo positioner tested @ 4K

• Test @ 5T to follow

• Quantum amplifier with 1K noise temp

Reversed Kerr TWPA arXiv:2101.05815 from substrate 1K!

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Full MADMAX

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Conductor quench test successful!

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Future projection

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Summary

• Axion is a solution for Strong CP problem and dark matter.

• MADMAX: post-inflationary QCD axion search using dielectric haloscope.

• A proof-of-principle setup is ready for data taking this winter

• Prototype: UHH @ 2022/23.

• Both tested in CERN magnet: first physics results.

• Full MADMAX:  

Commissioning @ DESY HERA North Hall>=2028.

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