The DUNE international project, the US particle physics roadmap, and the deliverables for this workshop

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The DUNE international project, the US particle physics roadmap, and the deliverables for this

workshop

Sergio Bertolucci

Valencia, 2/11/2022 INFN

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2015 P5 recommendation:

Pursue the physics of neutrino mass

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What has happened since the first MoO workshop

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- DOE contribution to LBNF/DUNE divided in 5 subprojects

• Far site excavation

• Buildings and Site Infrastructures at SURF

• Far Detector

• Near Site Conventional Facilities and Beamline

• Near Detector

- Laborious definition of the total DOE project cost and of the associated spending profile

- Turning point at the beginning of 2022:

- A new and accelerated spending profile from DOE

- A CD-1Reaffirmation Review (CD-1RR) in July 2022

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CD-1RR (July 2022)

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Propose of review:

• Reaffirm alternative selected (1.2MW upgradeable neutrino beamline; contributions to capable near detector; contributions to 20kt fiducial underground argon TPCs at first oscillation maximum;

facilities to support expansion/upgrades)

• Re-establish project point estimate and cost range

• Implement subproject execution strategy

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Review was built on:

• The new “CD-1RR Funding Profile”

• February DOE HEP guidance to cap project’s contribution to Near Detector at $200M (which must include expenditures to date)

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Hybrid review, but most reviewers were on-site:

• Very strong support from LBNF/DUNE partners, with senior representatives of CERN, INFN, IN2P3, and STFC participating in person and expressing strong commitment

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Outcome

• All eight subcommittees recommended proceeding to CD-1RR milestone

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CD-2 Summary

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• Baselined the first subproject – Excavation at Far Site. Official approval received on 19 August.

• Baselining the second subproject – Building & Site Infrastructure at Far Site – right now.

- DOE completed Independent Cost Estimate – closely aligned with our estimates

- DOE CD-2/3 IPR is set for 15 – 17 November; ESAAB anticipated first quarter CY2023.

• Planning for baselining for the third and fourth subprojects (FDC and NSCFB) in 2023

- CD-3a reviews scheduled in November and December, respectively, to

be able to make long lead procurements

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CD-2 Summary

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Schedule summary: LBNF/DUNE 2028 2031

Submitted and approved by DOE CD1 -RR

July 2022

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Impressive Progress of the Excavation at SURF

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Near Site Conventional Facilities

Status:

• 100% final design completed on 28 Sep 2021 for the

Beamline Complex and Near Detector Complex

• NSCF will start construction upon funding availability

(possibly better sooner than later)

Existing Main Injector Absorber

Decay pipe

Target hall

Primary beam line

SAND detector

ND complex

Muon spectrometer ND Lar

detector

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Far Detector Partners

All scope defined in Consortia Annexes to Multi-institutional MOU

Anode Plane Assemblies - FD1

TPC Electronics FD1, FD2-B

Charge Readout Planes - FD2

High Voltage FD1, FD2

Electronics FD2-T

CALCI FD1, FD2

Photon Detection

FD1, FD2 Data Acquisition

FD1, FD2, ND

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Near Detector Partners

11/29/21, 11'53 AM DAY 01 ISO.JPG

Page 1 of 1 about:blank

ND-LAr SAND

TMS

Data Acquisition FD1, FD2, ND

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Constraints on Near Detector

• The DUNE-US Project has been charged with a “Build to cost” mandate; this applies to all sub-projects

• The DUNE-US Near Detector has been given two more specific constraints :

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Total Cost of DOE contribution : not to exceed $200M (including $26M spent to date)

• At least 50% of the remaining $174M must be put in a category called “Objective Scope”

• <~50% of the $174M will be assigned to ”Threshold Scope” which will be the minimum scope that the project will be REQUIRED to deliver

• DOE has indicated that the Threshold scope must provide the capability of doing science

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“doing science” means collecting data from Day 1 of neutrino beam that can be used to produce oscillation results

• The collaboration standpoint is that to produce a publishable oscillation result requires a Near Detector which is functionally the same as the Far Detector -> a liquid argon time projection chamber

• We want to emphasize that we have significant Partner contributions to the Near

Detector coming from Bern for ND-LAr and INFN for SAND; we need to leverage

these contributions with a sensible approach to utilizing the DOE funding.

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ProtoDUNEs 2017-2020

2022 - 2024 Full scale production quality modules

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FD1 – Anode Plane Assemblies

• Optimization of the production plan…

• After consultations inside the APA consortium, and between the UK and US

projects we have proposed an optimized production plan for 150 + 2 APAs for FD1;

4 are already at CERN

• This plan still needs official approval by Change Control Boards on both UK and US projects

- In the new plan, the UK would construct 134 APAs at Daresbury

• A 5^thwinder will be added to the existing 4

- The US will construct 14 APAs at Chicago, with the possibility to assemble more if necessary

- The UK supplies frames, geometry boards, grounding mesh panels and combs

- The US (PSL) will manufacture 160 sets of CR boards, G-bias boards, CE adapter boards, cable harnesses, SHV boards and procure the required capacitors

- The UK will procure all (76) shipping frames - 10% of the APAs will be cold tested at CERN

- All APAs will be inspected and stored at Fermilab, and then shipped to SURF for installation

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Production Schedule

• Last APAs ship from Daresbury in January 2027

• The Chicago schedule is conservative; could make several more APAs from UK sourced parts if schedule requires that

Production schedule

• 148 APAs will be made in addition to the 4 now at CERN for ProtoDUNE II.

• This gives us 150 + 2 spares for FD1.

• The last APAs will ship from Daresbury in January 2027.

• The Chicago schedule is conservative. We could implement gains in assembly time developed at Daresbury to make 2 or more extra APAs from UK-sourced parts if the FD1 schedule requires that.

12 Sept 2022 C. Touramanis | DUNE CM: APA 5

2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Daresbury 4 25 30 35 40

Chicago 2 4 4 4

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Daresbury factory:4 operating winders, 5

^th

in preparation.

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Chicago factory

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FD1 Photon System SiPMs

• September 2021 : down select to 50% Hamamatsu (S16517) and 50%

FBK (NUV-HD-CRYO-TT)

• March 2022 : production and testing for PD-HD-II complete; failure rate in QC testing <1% in 4000 SiPMs

• Tenders for the mass production (300,000) prepared by Spain and INFN

- Delivery of 1000 boards per month starting end of October 2022

- Delivery of 2000 boards per month starting in August 2023

- Completion : June 2025

Photosensors (SiPMs)

• Production and test of SiPMs for ProtoDUNE-SP completed in March 2022. Failure rate in QC testing

<1% over 4000 SiPMs.

• Tender for the mass production:

- 100,000 Hamamatsu SiPMs purchased by Spain in Dec. 2021. Test sample (100 boards, 600 SiPMs) delivered in April. 1 failure + some minor mechanical issues. First delivery (1000 boards, 6000 SiPMs) in late September

- 100,000 FBK SiPM are being purchased by Spain. Expeced first delivery: Dec. 2022

• 50,000 Hamamatsu and 50,000 FBK sensors will be purchased by INFN. The tender for this purchase is in progress (expected completion of the tender: Oct. 2022)

• SiPMs in protoDUNE: no failures have been recorded so far in the cold box tests of APA1, APA2, APA4

• Down-selection to two final completed in Sep.

2021: 50% sensors from Hamamatsu (custom SiPM S16517) and 50% from FBK (custom SiPM NUV-HD-CRYO-TT)

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FD2-VD technical progress

• R&D and prototyping progress

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HV stability and 6m drift in NP02 completed

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Coldbox CRP1, CRP1b, CRP2(TDE) complete

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CRP3 soon, CRP4-5 later this year

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PDS dedicated coldbox runs, including GaAs PoF

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CRP5a assembled at Yale, in transit to BNL for CE/test

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ProtoDUNE-VD installation plan being developed

Vertical Drift TB

Cold Box

ProtoDUNE-VD

CRP2 – top, coldbox x-ARAPUCA 1

x-ARAPUCA 2 x-ARAPUCA 3

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FD2 – Charge Readout Planes

CRP5a – bottom at Yale

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Technical Progress on Near Detector

Progress on ArgonCube 2x2: critical test of multi-module operation in NuMI beam at FNAL

• Two modules test at Bern and delivered to LArTF@FNAL

– Testing, assembly, modifications, op. reviews underway

– Elec./HV/Power/DAQ Racks assembled

• MINERvA plane installation underway in NuMI Near Hall

• Delivery of critical cryo components in coming months

• 3rd module to be assembled, operated at Bern in coming months

• New analysis organization coming together

SAND

• STT:

- Mockup tests (JINR), test beam (CERN) - Gas leak measurements (JINR)

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GRAIN

- Planning for large-scale prototype

TMS

• Coil-induced noise on SiPM signal test at Wichita

• Discussion on scintillator production at FNAL

• Potential steel sources from OPERA, MINOS ND

• “Shorter” design

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ND LAr status

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The Muon Spectrometer (TMS)

• Consortium Status : report from Consortium leaders Hugh Gallagher and Tom LeCompte

- A very strong mix of groups with a variety of expertise on similar experiments (MINOS, Minerva, T2K) or analogous subsystems in DUNE or SBND

- A balanced mix of senior and junior collaborators - A highly capable group of simulation, reconstruction

and analysis experts

• Roles and Responsibilities

- Scintillator + WLS fiber : Minnesota, ANL, Rochester, W&M, FNAL, Tufts (MINOS, Minerva experience)

- Steel and Coils : W&M, SLAC

- SiPM photodetectors, electronics, DAQ : VT, Mainz Cambridge, Houston

- Software, simulation and Reconstruction : KSH, Rochester, Mississippi, Witchita State, U.

Atlantico

• Several ideas under consideration to optimize design

4 9-12-2022 | DUNE Collab Mtg

TMS Consortium Status

Since the last collaboration meeting Tom and I have visited or met with nearly all of the groups that have expressed an interest in TMS.

Overall, a very strong mix of groups with a variety of expertise on similar experiments (MINOS, MINERvA, T2K), or analogous subsystems in the DUNE or SBND program.

A balanced mix of senior and junior researchers.

A highly capable group of simulation, reconstruction, and analysis experts.

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The Muon Spectrometer

48-strip scintillator module (grey) Forty 15-mm

thick steel layers

Sixty 40-mm thick steel

layers

Coils (orange)

~ 7m (height) x 5m (width) x 7m (deep)

Physics Requirements:

1. Enables ND-LAr measurement of muon neutrino interactions with a

comparable phase space and resolution (5%) to the FD.

2. Sign selection (>95%).

3. Large mass – can play a role in beam monitoring.

AND, movestogether with ND-Lar moves – PRISM.

I I I

I I

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Module with 48 scintillator strips

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SAND Milestones

• Design review of Yoke + Magnet + ECAL and related installation procedures : April 2023

• Preliminary design review of STT : November 2023

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Prototyping through 2024

• Preliminary design review of GRAIN : April 2024

DUNE ND-SAND

(Luca Stanco)

• Consortium News

• ECAL/Magnet

• STT

• GRAIN

• Physics & Software

• Conclusions

Collaboration Meeting, September 12, 2022

SAND, a multipurpose detector with an high-performant ECAL, light-targeted tracker, LAr target, all of them in a magnetic field

Operations begun

2022/09/07

Cleanup and removal of non re-usable instrumentation

Installation of scaffolding

Luca Stanco | DUNE-SAND 11

un-cabling…

Drft chamber removed (new tool)

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Long-baseline oscillation analysis:

major update in early 2024

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Goal: Complete respin of oscillation sensitivities, including full ND simulation & algorithmic reconstruction, with multiple samples

including ND-LAr+TMS and SAND

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Successful workshop at CERN August 15-19: progress toward

updated cross section uncertainty model, ND sample integration, new fitting techniques

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Much work remains: systematics, systematics, systematics

Nuclear initial state model (see L. Munteanu talk)

Physics with beam, ND and 2 FD modules starts end 2030-early 2031.

DUNE Phase I meets the initial P5 recommendation.

Phase I ND

Phase I FD

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DUNE – Phase I

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LBNF will provide caverns for 4 detector modules at SURF

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1

^st

detector to be installed in NE cavern has horizontal drift (like ICARUS and MicroBooNE)

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2nd detector will go into SE cavern and has vertical drift (capitalizing on elements of the dual phase development)

Note : DUNE Science begins when FD1 is filled and turned on

and recording tracks

n’s from FNAL

APA* Horizontal Drift

*Anode Plane Assemblies

**Charge Readout Planes CRP** Vertical Drift

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DUNE Phase I: definitive MO, sensitivity to maximal CPV

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Phase I will do world-class long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics:

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Only experiment with 5σ mass ordering capability regardless of true parameters Discovery of CPV at 3σ if CP violation is large

High precision disappearance parameters, (e.g. surpass current Δm

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error in ~2-3 years)

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depends on beam ramp-up

Δm

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Mass ordering

CPV

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Current best measurement

PDG avg.

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DUNE Phase II

Increase statistics:

• Fermilab proton beam upgrade to 2.4 MW

• Two additional 17 Kt FD modules

Reduce systematics:

• Near detector upgrade:

{ND-LAr + MCND} (movable) + SAND

Phase II ND

Phase II FD

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DUNE’s long-term P5 goals require Phase II

(C. Marshall talk at Snowmass)

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DUNE needs full Phase II scope to achieve precision physics goals defined in P5 report

CPV sensitivity for 50%

of δ

CP

values shown,

precision measurements are similarly affected

Timescale for precision physics is driven by

achieving full scope on

aggressive timescale, early ramp-up is not as relevant

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Phase II requires 40kt, 2.4MW, an upgraded near detector ( ibidem )

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To achieve the precision physics goals, including CPV sensitivity for a broad range of δ

CP

values, all three upgrades are required

Plots show the effect of removing one of them, resulting in a significant loss of sensitivity

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MoO: expanding scope while preserving core physics (ibidem)

Additional 20 kton fiducial mass is

critical for core oscillation physics, low energy and BSM goals of DUNE – it is part of Phase II.

It is a priority for DUNE that FD-3 and FD-4 meet the needs of the LBL program, including the systematic

constraints of the Near Detector

We welcome new ideas for expanding the physics scope → the broader HEP community should decide which

scope expansions to pursue

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The path to Phase II

• Keep the start of Phase I on the fastest possible lane.

• Involve the community at large (NF,EF, AF, CF) in a thorough discussion to explore complementarities and scope extensions of the DUNE Physics program.

• Promote a robust support for a wide program of R&D targeted to exploit at best the opportunities offered by world class infrastructures like LBNF and PIP II.

• Examine alternatives/priorities/synergies in PHASE II planning

• Continue to extend the international engagement

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My Take on the Deliverables of this Workshop

• Define (and agree upon) the overarching boundary conditions

• Discuss the most efficient organization for the next steps:

- Inside DUNE?

- A parallel structure?

• Discuss how to interface with the international R&D program on

“liquid detectors”

• Define a realistic timeline

• Get organized to convey the message to Strategy Panels and to the community at large.

I am 100% sure that we have three intense days in front of us!

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Thank You

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