Initial planning is done to successfully achieve the above mentioned objectives before the death line. Furthermore, a distribution task has been requested considering a teamwork of two engineers and the time available to do such purposes.
Project description
Project scope
A safety investigation will be carried out with a description of the elements used for this purpose.
Historical record
Where W is the current to be discharged and λ is the vaporization enthalpy of the liquid. In the case of the condenser, subcooling of 3ºC is assumed due to the inundation of the tubes.
Bibliographic study
General process
Recovery unit
Recovery process alternatives
Liquid ring compressor
Vacuum pump
Alternatives in the service liquid arrangement
Initial project planning
The continuity of electrical elements must be checked in the absence of a justifying document. Flash point: - 78°C S45 – In case of accident or discomfort, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).
PROJECTE DEVELOPMENT BASIS
Design basis
- Feed specifications
- Capacity, operative flexibility and service factor
- Products specifications
- Conditions of raw material and products at battery limit
- Standards applied and other design criteria
Service factor (percentage of time the plant can work) is different for each of the three cases. But in general, as a continuous process, it must have exactly the same service factor as the entire plant to ensure the uninterrupted functionality of the process.
Basic data for the engineering
- Utilities
- Energy prices
- Site data
- Standards and design codes
- Unit system
- Pipes, equipment and instrument codification
The VCM recovery unit can be placed on site and therefore, the battery limit of the project design can be estimated. In this section, steady state operation of the recovery unit and more specifically the liquid ring compressor and vacuum pump is provided.
BASIC ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT
Descriptions
- Project functional description
- Installation description
Inlet vacuum pump connects to diverted service water (2'' pipe) and diverted VCM (3' pipe). In the inlet compressor, as in the case of a vacuum pump, the VCM flow collects with diverted service water (3'') and bypass of VCM (3'' and 7m).
Diagram making
- Blocks diagram
- Plot Plan
- Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
The three VCM stream at about 1 bar reaches liquid ring compressor through a 6-in pipe where the pressure is increased to 7 bar. Such a sheet shows the building, utility runs and the equipment layout, the position of roads and other construction of the existing.
Basic design
- Pipe design
- Instrumentation and control design
- Equipment design
- Specification sheets
The measured variable is the outlet water temperature while the manipulated variable is the tower water flow rate. Consequently, the inlet volume flow rate in this case is greater with the volume flow rate of the tap water than when compressing dry gases. Controlling the DHW temperature: By changing the DHW temperature, the inlet volume flow of the pump/compressor can be reduced by the λI effect to obtain a better match between the required inlet volume flow and that of the selected equipment.
The flow characteristic of the chosen control valve is an equal percentage, which means that the flow capacity increases exponentially with the stroke of the valve trim. Where Fp is the pipe geometry factor required when a fitting such as reducers, elbows or tees is attached directly to the inlet and outlet connections of the control valve to be sized. In the equation above, the ƩK term is the algebraic sum of the velocity head loss coefficients of all fittings attached to the control valve.
In this case, the flow to be discharged is equal to the flow entering the vessel. First, the total pressure drop must be calculated, i.e. the sum of the drop due to pipe friction and the drop caused by the installation.
SAFETY IN PROCESS DESIGN
Process safety
- Preliminary hazard analysis
- ATEX zone
- Overpressure protection
- Auto Protection Planning
Occupational safety
- Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective Equipment
- Incidents and accidents
Such responsible persons will make appropriate decisions to reduce and take control of the consequences of the accident. Depending on the level of the accident/incident, HR, Health and Prevention are notified. Investigation Committee: This team will meet to gather all the information obtained from various parts to determine the ultimate causes of the incident and decide on the corrective measures to implant.
Once all corrective actions have been completed, another meeting will be held to assess the effectiveness of the actions and determine others if necessary. Employees should be provided with training on the proper use, maintenance, limitations and storage of personal protective equipment. Any employee currently involved in the management of a process, and any employee prior to being involved in the management of a newly assigned process, will be trained in the process review and work procedures explained in Section 8.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Emissions to the environment
- Atmosphere emissions
- Water spills
- Soil emissions
- Acoustic contamination
- Polluting fumes
Due to the fact that all control valves need to be drained, sewage is collected in all of them. Tower water is needed in the heat exchangers and so the tower water is separated by the heat exchanger controllers installed in each unit. If the maximum permitted level of noise pollution is reached during operation, the equipment will be insulated to meet the legal limit.
Catalan Statute 16/2002 currently amended by Decree Law 176/2009, sets maximum radiation levels of acoustic pollution in 60 dB during the night and 70 during the day. Since recycling unit does not have combustion, there are no polluting vapors inside the battery limit.
Solid waste
Energy and natural resources consumption
It should be pointed out that the values in table 6.3.2 show the energy consumption in each piece of equipment, but not all equipment works 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Liquid ring compressor in BDT line (C-0113B) works with a 5-hour frequency, on the other hand ring compressor in stripper line (C-0113C) works 24 hours a day 365 days a year.
INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE
- Breakdown maintenance
- Preventive maintenance
- Liquid ring compressor and vacuum pump
- Vessels
- Valves
- Time based
- Condition based
- Performance based
- Predictive maintenance
- Proactive maintenance
Periodically check the working conditions of the system using the instrumentation on the installation (pressure gauges, vacuum gauges, temperature gauges, ammeters, etc.) and that the pump/compressor is consistently handling the application it is selected for. The operation of the pump/compressor should be without abnormal vibration or noise, if any of these problems are noticed, stop the pump immediately, search for the cause and make the necessary corrections. If there is a degradation in pump/compressor performance that cannot be attributed to changes in system requirements, stop the pump/compressor and proceed with necessary repairs or replacements.
This includes the measurement or reading time (timestamp) to the nearest second, the measurement or counter-reading, and any qualitative judgments about the measurement result. This includes information on which employee performed the measurement or meter reading, and when necessary, the number of the measurement document from which the measurement or meter reading result was copied. The approach is based on measuring the condition of the equipment in order to estimate whether a device will fail during a future period, and then taking actions to avoid the consequences of those failures.
OPERATION MANUAL
- Previous steps before the startup
- VCM recovery unit previous steps
- Previous steps of Liquid ring vacuum pump and compressor
- Start-up guide
- Start-up of vent line
- Startup of BDT line
- Startup of strippers line
- Startup of liquid ring compressor and vacuum pump
- Shut down guide
- Shut down of vent line
- Shut down of BDT line
- Shut down of strippers line
- Emergency shut down
- Steady state
- Recovery unit steady state
- Liquid ring compressor and vacuum pump steady state operation
All connections and pipes must be leak-free, make sure that no external forces or moments are exerted on the pipes or pump flanges. This section lists instructions to follow during the first boot after refreshing deployments. Since it is not a new design, but an innovation, adjustment factors related to installation changes must be taken into account.
Current duty factor was considered to be 0.91 compared to the pre-renovation duty factor of 0.9. In table 1.2.1, vessels in the VCM process that only need a shell to be stored are shown. Knowing the allowable stress that the material selected (SA-516) and the pressure at which the tank must be designed shell thicken using equations 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 is then trivial to calculate.
ECONOMIC STUDY
Purchased equipment cost
From the bibliography2 all the prices of the equipment and, consequently, the cost of the purchased equipment were found. The prices found are from 2007 and so, due to inflation, equation 9.1.1 is used to know their current value in 2012. Finally, the Euro-Dollar Exchange Index of €1.315/$4 is used to determine the capital. investment in euros.
Total installation cost
Manufacturing costs
Project viability
- Cash flow
- IRR
The payback period for the given investment, which is the time required to recover the investment cost, has been calculated using Equation 9.4.2. In this section, a sensitivity analysis is made to examine the robustness of the economic study. Various production increases due to modernization improvements have been considered to make the sensitive analysis.
The term p is calculated using the ratio of the vessel pressure to the surface area of a cylinder or an ellipsoid, depending on the designed part of the vessel. Initially a service factor of 0.9 was considered, after the revamp the plant's service factor is believed to increase to 0.91. During the sensitivity analysis, the same procedure was followed as described in section 2.1.
Sensitivity analysis
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Articles & Reviews
Internet
Using Reynolds, Prandal correlations as well as Nusselt correlation for turbulent fluids, internal heat coefficient can be determined. Using Reynolds and Prandal correlations, Kern's Nusselt correlation can be used so that heat transfer coefficient can be determined using equation 1.1.14. After such calculations are made, allowable stresses can be known by the values obtained in ASME section 8 section II.
Taking into account 10% of the instrumentation costs of the total purchase costs and adding this amount to the already known purchase costs, we get €343,794 million as the basic cost of equipment (BEC). Trophic damage to the skin and bones, which includes the destruction of the bones of the fingers (also other bones), Raynaud's syndrome and a type of skin sclerosis (in case of high exposure). It can be stored in a pressure vessel (at - Provide showers and eyewashes. Usually 3 bar) at room temperature and - Have respirators available nearby.
QUIPMENT DESIGN ....................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido
Shell vessel design
Pressurized vessels
ECONOMIC BALANCE
- Purchased cost estimating
- Total installation cost
- Manufacturing cost
- Project rendibility
- Cash flow
- Sensitivity analysis
Eye contact: Flush with plenty of water for several minutes, remove contact lenses and see an eye specialist if necessary. Narcotic effects, depression of the central nervous system, dizziness, disorientation, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, death if exposure continues. Abiotic degradation: Vinyl chloride breaks down rapidly in air as it reacts with hydroxyl radicals.
Volatilization: Vinyl chloride rapidly evaporates from the water surface (half-life: several hours) or from the soil (main route) Evaporation: half-life is 0.8 hours. Bioconcentration factor, log BCF (aquatic organisms): 0.609 Organic carbon/water partition coefficient, Koc = 8 to 98 litres/kg Mobile in the soil and may reach the underground water table by percolation. Risk of spontaneous pressure increase or spontaneous combustion due to exposure: heat, light, shock or contact, other chemicals.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)
