The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations or its Member States. Patricia Holly Purcell is the coordinating author of this publication on behalf of the members of the Medellín Collaboration on Urban Resilience (MCUR).
TRIBUTE TO PARIS
PARIS AT A GLANCE
PARIS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
LEARNING FROM THE PAST AND PREPARING FOR THE
As with most cities with high urban population densities, Paris's climate threats range from heat waves and pollution, to pressure on social services and the availability of jobs and affordable housing, to security and – more recently – the influx of a new generation of refugees. The City of Paris is an enduring example of strength, innovation and reconciliation in times of crisis.
HOW TO USE THIS POCKET GUIDE
INTRODUCTION
The term "resilience" has become ubiquitous in both the public and private sectors, referring to everything from crop yields to the health of the global financial system. The purpose of this platform is to help local governments and other municipal professionals understand the primary utility of the wide range of tools and diagnostics designed to assess, measure, monitor and improve resilience at the city level.
WHAT IS MEANT BY URBAN RESILIENCE?
Issues that block groups and individuals from participating in a city's growth, such as intolerance, isolation of marginalized groups (ie, differential access to land and services), and political uncertainty, can undermine the potential "urban advantage." Focusing on one policy goal, such as climate protection, without considering others can lead to undesirable outcomes and asymmetric investments.
RESILIENCE IN THE AGE OF THE CITY
For example, about 60 percent of the area expected to be urban by 2030 remains to be built. The projected expansion in urban land coverage between 2000 and 2030 is in the range of 56–310 percent.1 By 2030, an estimated $25–30 trillion will be invested in new infrastructure, including urban road construction, water and sewers. energy and transportation systems, and buildings.
WHY EVERY CITY SHOULD PLAN FOR RESILIENCE
In 2010, 15 percent of the world's population lived in fragile and conflict-affected countries. They also host a large proportion of the population and economic activities most at risk from climate change.
GLOBAL RESILIENCE PROGRAMMES
THE IMPORTANCE OF CREDITWORTHINESS
CLIMATE-SMART, FINANCIALLY- SOUND DEVELOPMENT: THE CITY
GLOBAL MOMENTUM - THE CITY CREDITWORTHINESS
IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE
Long-term technical assistance programs are being implemented in 35 municipalities, and another 40 municipalities are finalizing their technical assistance programs.
IMPACT MILESTONES
CONTACT
ENHANCING URBAN RESILIENCE THROUGH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION: LESSONS FROM
Community participation is an integral part of the implementation of STDM as it provides transparency and builds trust in the exercise among local residents. The case study highlights the application of STDM in Mbale, a rapidly growing secondary city in eastern Uganda.
ABOUT MBALE
KEY CHALLENGES
PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTERVENTION
The project implementation led to the opening of data centers in the participating cities with the aim of bridging the data gaps that had previously limited local planning. Municipal authorities have reportedly expressed a strong interest in working with local communities to strengthen the data centers and provide sufficient space for training and technical support.
FUTURE PLANS AND INVESTMENTS
THE GLOBAL RESILIENCE PARTNERSHIP
WHY THE GLOBAL RESILIENCE PARTNERSHIP
The focus must shift to bridging humanitarian and development efforts to build resilience against a range of future threats. The Resilience Partnership will help drive a shared global agenda for resilience, better aligning humanitarian and development planning.
GLOBAL RESILIENCE CHALLENGE
In February 2015, the UN launched the Global Compact Cities Program survey of cities to advance social equity and justice, environmental sustainability and good governance in the urban environment. The City Scan survey covers three main categories of municipal activity: City Development, City Sustainability and City Governance.
THE UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL COMPACT CITIES PROGRAMME
Improving access to affordable housing through the Barcelona Housing Plan (2008 to 2016), targeting groups that have difficulty accessing housing and those at risk of losing their homes. Increasing access to safe and potable water for all citizens and improved levels of water consumption and awareness.
FUTURE PLANS AND INVESTMENTS
One of the measures to reduce emissions is the introduction of a fleet of electric mopeds for the city police, which will save 87,660 liters of petrol and represent 12,170 tonnes of CO2 reduction every year.
CITY RESILIENCE PROGRAMMES
This area contains some of the largest central business districts in the country, which is the core of an economy with an annual GDP of approx. The Lower Manhattan area also contains 35,000 affordable housing units, many of which were hit hard by Hurricane Sandy, and over 94,000 of the residents in this area are low-income, elderly, and/or disabled.
NEW YORK CITY
More than 52 million visitors visit Lower Manhattan annually to see landmarks such as the 9/11 Memorial, Wall Street, Battery Park and take the ferry to the statue. The challenge was to create protection for Lower Manhattan to ensure that New York's financial district and other critical infrastructure can function during and after the storm, while maintaining and improving the connection of local residents to the waterfront.
PRIORITY AREAS FOR INTERVENTION
The resulting proposal, “BIG U,” was unified in function yet diverse in character, responsive to the specific needs of the community yet flexible enough to evolve over time as sea levels and climate continue to change. As the winner of the Rebuild by Design competition, the East River Park portion of the proposal received $335 million from the federal government.
ROTTERDAM – CREATING AN OFFICE OF RESILIENCE
Molenaar set out to develop a Resilience Strategy for the city of Rotterdam as a whole, as the role of national and local government in the Netherlands is currently changing. As Molenaar and his team undertook stakeholder engagement and people became aware of the City's work on resilience, interest in the work grew and so did the willingness to participate.
FUTURE PLANS AND INVESTMENTS
In 2005, New Orleans was devastated by Hurricane Katrina, which resulted in the flooding of an estimated 80 percent of the city. However, many of the tensions that the city faced before Hurricane Katrina persisted and were accompanied by growing inequality.
NEW ORLEANS – RESILIENCE STRATEGY
A preliminary resilience assessment to diagnose the resilience challenges of the site and broad target areas in the first phase. Resilient New Orleans represents a critical step on the city's journey to becoming a resilient city, not a destination.
DEPLOYMENT OF THE CITYSTRENGTH DIAGNOSTIC IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
As an integrated set of initiatives, implemented by the Addis Ababa City Government with enhanced coordination between city departments and development partners, these actions and investments can have a transformative impact on the city's resilience. There is a strong commitment from the Addis Ababa city government and the mayor to strengthen the city's resilience.
RESILIENCE SUCCESS STORIES FROM UNISDR’S MAKING CITIES RESILIENT CAMPAIGN”
Dr. Piyush Ranjan Rout, co-founder and executive director of the Local Governments Network and advocate for the Making Cities Resilient campaign. In the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Civil Defense System has played an active role in raising awareness of disaster risk reduction and prevention, using campaigns and training opportunities to foster a culture of disaster resilience, with assistance to urban and rural communities.
HO CHI MINH CITY
That even increases with the subsidence of a few centimeters per year in some parts of the city. Ho Chi Minh City faces many challenges from climate change, which directly threatens social life, harms the economy and affects the quality of the city's living environment.
PRIORITY FOR INTERVENTION
The Indonesian capital of Jakarta, with about 10.2 million inhabitants (2014), is the largest city in the country. Jakarta is located in a lowland area with a relatively flat topography in the delta of several rivers, the main one being the Ciliwung River.
JAKARTA, INDONESIA
The highest observed precipitation total for a single month in Jakarta is over 800 mm (31.5 inches). The GDP projections for Indonesia as a whole show overall growth rates of 4.5 percent per year between the periods 2005 and 2030, and the population of Jakarta is expected to grow from 8.8 million to up to 25 million by 2025.
PRIORITY AREA FOR INTERVENTION
With 1.25 million inhabitants, Can Tho is the largest city in the Mekong Delta and the fourth largest city in Vietnam. Can Tho City has been ranked as a first-class city since 2009, placing it under the direct administration of the central government.
DEPLOYMENT OF THE CITYSTRENGTH DIAGNOSTIC IN CAN THO, VIETNAM
The following actions and investments can have a transformational impact on the resilience of the city as a collection of initiatives implemented by Can Tho with more efficiently coordinated support from development partners. The recommendations were discussed with the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Can Tho City People's Committee and compiled into a report that the city can take forward in collaboration with the World Bank and other development partners.
SHIMLA, INDIA
Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh and is located in the southwestern regions of the Himalayas of North India. Urban Local Bodies are the most important part of government with direct links to the community and the local people.
CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE
CRI pilot participants in Concepción agreed that the city has undergone significant transformation since the 2010 earthquake. Resilience is the result of a culture that is permanently strengthened at all levels of society.
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE PROGRAMME
Since the decline of key manufacturing industries in Durban, informal employment has increased in the municipality, which was renamed eThekwini in 2000. Durban initially responded positively to this growth in informal workers and implemented progressive legislation, although more recent changes in the municipality's approach to informal workers, particularly street vendors and market traders, have seen a breakdown in their integration into urban plans.
EMPOWERING STREET TRADERS THROUGH URBAN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
The Phephanathi project began with the formation of risk management sub-committees to raise awareness and monitor health and safety issues in markets. During this exercise, the number and placement of stands in each market were decided together.
TERMINOLOGY
Risk – A function of the likelihood/probability of a shock or stress combined with the consequence of the shock or stress.
QUALITIES OF RESILIENCE
Agile - Agility means that people and institutions are able to quickly find different ways to achieve their goals or meet their needs during a shock or when under stress. Resilience is essential to a city's ability to restore functionality to critical systems, potentially under very limited conditions.
LIST OF REFERENCES/SOURCES FOR FURTHER READING
Municipal Corporation of Shimla (2009), Municipal Corporation Shimla at a Glance, http://www.shimlamc.gov.in/page/Gener- al-Profile.aspx,.
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS’
POCKET GUIDE TO RESILIENCE
