Macroalgae-dominated coastal detrital beds in the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic: description, distribution and sampling methods Sergi Joher Sais. The scientific articles are preceded by a general introduction (chapter 1), in which the descriptions of the macroalgae-dominated coastal bottom and the most important sampling methods are presented, as well as the main characteristics of the study area. Contribution to the study of deep coastal bottoms: the algal communities of the continental shelf off the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean.
Results and discussion
General discussion Discussió general
Bibliography Appendix I
Tres de les comunitats que caracteritzen els paisatges que es troben a la costa de Mallorca i Menorca s'han identificat mitjançant immersions amb ROV al canal de Menorca (boscos de Spongites fruticulosus maërl i L. rodriguezii) i. Les comunitats detrítiques dominades per macroalgues descrites quantitativament de les costes europees (principalment llits de maërl, boscos de L. rodriguezii, llits de Peyssonnelia i boscos de Saccharina latissima) no es van poder distingir qualitativament. 27 a la llera de Menorca (boscos Spongites fruticulosus maërl i L. rodriguezii) i a la costa sud de Menorca (llets de P. inamoena) durant la campanya CANAL0209 (febrer/març 2009).
General introduction Introducció general
General introduction
Estan envoltats per la conca de Ligúria al nord i nord-oest, i la conca algeriana al sud-est (Acosta et al. 2002). De fet, Templado et al. 2012) distingeixen fins a 9 hàbitats diferents corresponents a aquests fons costaners dominats per macroalgues del litoral mediterrani espanyol. En aquest sentit, Templado et al. 2012) distingeixen fins a 9 hàbitats diferents corresponents a fons dominats per macroalgues en els residus costaners de la costa mediterrània espanyola.
Objectives Objectius
Objectives
We present a quantitative physiognomic characterization of major communities dominated by macroalgae on the coastal detrital bottom of the continental shelf off Mallorca and Menorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean). Action plan for the conservation of coralligenous and other calcareous bioconcretions in the Mediterranean Sea. A contribution to the study of the deep coastal detrital bottom: algal communities of the continental shelf.
2. Contribution to the study of deep coastal detritic bottoms: the algal communities of the continental shelf
Finally, several authors have reported sites of Peyssonnelia that developed on the circumlittoral bottom, mainly along the coasts of Marseille, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Balearic Islands (e.g. Huvé 1954, Carpine 1958, Parenzan 1960, Augier and Boudouresque 1978, Basso 1990, Ballesteros 1994, Joher et al. 2012), highlighting the diversity of dominant Peyssonnelia species. The purpose of this paper is to describe the species composition and abundance of three specific communities from the detrital bottom near the Balearic Islands (S. fruticulosus, L. rodriguezii and P. inamoena), which are characteristic of the three landscapes described in Joher et. al. Due to the prevalence of these communities in deep water, we did not sample them by diving, but used other sampling methods: scrapers (e.g.
Finally, SIMPER tests were used to calculate the contribution of species to the similarities within each of the three studied communities and their characteristic species. A total of 104 species were identified in samples collected from Laminaria rodriguezii forests (Table 2), with Rhodophyta accounting for 85.6% of the species (Fig. 2). A total of 106 species were identified in the Peyssonnelia inamoena community (Table 2), with Rhodophyta accounting for 85.8% of the species (Fig. 2).
Similar low abundances of members of the order Corallinales (<2 %) have been found in other Peyssonnelia beds dominated by P. Peyssonnelia beds appear to be abundant and diverse on the continental shelf of the Balearic Islands. Although the spatial structure of the communities studied here was different, the differences in species composition were small, as reflected in the low IFO values calculated for each of the communities studied (Fig. 1).
The fish fauna of the Seven Estuary and whether long-term changes in recruitment patterns of major marine species are interrelated.
3. Macroalgal-dominated coastal detritic communities from the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean
Thus, the high light transmission and low water turbulence of Mediterranean waters (especially in the Balearic Islands). In addition, different categories or facies have been described in the Mediterranean (Pérès and Picard 1964, Augier 1982, Giaccone et al. However, most of the data used in this paper come from other studies carried out in the NE Atlantic [United Kingdom, French Brittany and Galicia (Spain)] and the Mediterranean Sea [Costa Brava and the Balearic Islands (Spain), Provence and Corsica (France), Tunisia and Greece].
These analyzes (nMDS, cluster analysis and SIMPER test) were performed considering all species and also for those species considered non-maërl (non-MFS) and those considered form a maërl (MFS) to explain the significance of different types of species in group differences. In addition, 67 species (17.6%) were present in both regions (see Appendix 1 for a complete list of taxa). The number of species decreased with latitude, being highest in Galicia and very low in the UK (Fig. 1).
In the Mediterranean Sea, the samples corresponded to maërl beds, kelp forests of Laminaria rodriguezii and Peyssonnelia beds (Table 1). Similar to the small groups found in the analyzes conducted with all species, the groups found here also differed from the main groups by having a smaller number of species with contrasting occurrence frequencies. The differences in species composition were also reflected in the number of exclusive species, which was higher in the Mediterranean than in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and represented 52.4% and 30.3% of the total species, respectively.
Thus, the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean differed in species composition, as endemic and subtropical species would be found in the Mediterranean, while in the North Atlantic, temperate boreal and North Atlantic species were common. 131 incrustans also found in Galicia, and the unidentified Corallinaceae A, also found in the United Kingdom. Thus, the North Atlantic marl of L. calcareum with a poor straight layer would be in the North European Seas province although it may also occur in the Lusitanian province; the North Atlantic marl of L. calcareum with a well-developed straight layer, in the Lusitanian Province; and the five bottoms of the Mediterranean, in the province of the Mediterranean Sea.
General discussion
Regarding the qualitative comparison of coastal detrital communities with macroalgae-dominated European coasts, those described in the Balearic Islands differ not only from those found in the NE Atlantic, but also from those in other Mediterranean areas, mainly due to his great wealth. A bottom trawl with a small mesh size (20 mm) allowed the characterization of the main communities of coastal macroalgal detritus, capturing most of the species that develop in these habitats. However, the identification of macroalgae present in scientific bottom trawl fisheries can be used to complement the information obtained from faunal studies, similar to that of the MEDITS program carried out in Mallorca and Menorca.
The deep-water macroalgae-dominated coastal bottoms of the Mediterranean still remain mostly unknown, since most studies only cover the western Mediterranean, especially some places of the Spanish, French and Italian coasts (Huvé Jacquotte 1962, Pérès and Picard 1964). Picard 1965, Bourcier 1968, Fredj 1972, Augier and Boudouresque 1978, Augier 1982, Ballesteros this thesis). Furthermore, few studies have also been carried out in the NE Atlantic, although there are comprehensive studies of the maerl bottoms of Galicia and the diversity assessment of the epiflora on the maerl beds of this region (Peña 2010, Peña et al. 2014). 169 knowledge of the macroalgal coastal detrital bottoms in the Balearic Islands and other zones of the Mediterranean and the NE Atlantic.
This dissertation is a contribution to a better understanding of the detrital coastal bottoms dominated by macroalgae found on the continental shelf of Mallorca and Menorca, starting from the characterization of the main assemblages and the description of three of the communities that compose them. Concurrent with the work presented in this dissertation, members of the Marine Algues Bentòniques group from the Universitat de Girona also contributed to the characterization of the detrital macroalgal coastal bottoms of the Menorca Channel (canal0209 and CANAL0811 surveys) (Fig. 23) and the southern coasts of Mallorca- s (surveys DRAGONSAL0712 and DRAGONSAL0914), as reflected in several published works (Barberá et al. In future projects, the identification and location of coastal detrital bottoms dominated by macroalgae can be extended to other areas of the Balearic continental shelf.
A més, encara que la presència de fons marins costaners dominats per macroalgues a les Illes Balears és coneguda des de fa dos segles (per exemple, Rodríguez-Femenías 1889, Bellón-Uriarte 1921, Ballesteros et al. 1993), manca d'estudis quantitatius . s'hi ha realitzat, llevat de la descripció dels llits de Peyssonnelia per Ballesteros (1994).
Conclusions Conclusions
Conclusions
The NE Atlantic maërl of Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum with a weak erect stratum, found in the United Kingdom and Galicia. The NE Atlantic maërl of Lithothamnion corallioides and/or Phymatolithon calcareum with a well-developed upright stratum, in French Brittany and Galicia. The Mediterranean maërl of Phymatolithon calcareum and various Peyssonnelia species and a well-developed upright stratum, in the Balearic Islands.
Mediterranean maërl Spongites fruticulosus with Phymatolithon calcareum and Lithothamnion valens with a weak upright layer in the Balearic Islands. Mediterranean maërl Spongites fruticulosus with Lithothamnion corallioides and Lithothamnion valens with various species of Peyssonnelia and a well-developed upright layer in the Balearic Islands. Maërl NE Atlàntic de Lithothamnion corallioides i/o Phymatolithon calcareum amb un estrat erecte ben developed, a la Bretanya francesa in Galicia.
Maërl mediterrani de Phymatolithon calcareum i/o Lithothamnion corallioides amb una capa erecta ben desenvolupada, a la Costa Brava, Provença, Illes Balears, Còrsega, Tunísia i Grècia. Maërl mediterrani de Phymatolithon calcareum amb diverses espècies de Peyssonnelia i una capa vertical ben desenvolupada a les Illes Balears. Maërl mediterrani de Spongites fruticulosus amb Phymatolithon calcareum i una capa erecta ben desenvolupada a la Costa Brava.
Maërl mediterrani de Spongites fruticulosus amb Phymatolithon calcareum i Lithothamnion valens amb un estrat erguit ben desenvolupat, a les Illes Balears.
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