NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN T2K AND DUNE EXPERIMENTS

NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN T2K AND DUNE EXPERIMENTS

Alexander Izmaylov

Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (UV and CSIC), Valencia, Spain

Jornadas sobre los proyectos científicos del IFIC

January 17-18, 2019

GROUP GOALS AND STRUCTURE

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• Experimental studies of neutrino properties with accelerator experiments

• Study of neutrino oscillations parameters (PMNS matrix), neutrino interactions, “new physics” in neutrino sector

• T2K long-baseline experiment in Japan

• Future DUNE “mega-science” project in USA

Who we are? → The ones solving the neutrino puzzle

• Anselmo Cervera (CT)

• Michel Sorel (CT)

• Pau Novella (RyC)

• Alexander Izmaylov (postdoc)

• Pablo Fernández (JdC, postdoc)

• Maria Antonova (PhD student, LaCaixa foundation )

• Miguel Angel Garcia (PhD student)

• Francisco Chacon Rubio (Master Student)

Open questions:

• CP-violation in lepton sector? δ_CP value?

• Mass hierarchy(MH), “normal” (NH) or “inverted”(IH):

• m₁<m₂≪m₃ or m₃≪m₁<m₂?

• Octant of θ₂₃: <, > or = 45^o?

• Dirac/Majorana, steriles, CPT…

NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS

Oscillations governed by

• three mixing angles:

• θ₁₂≈34^o, θ₁₃≈9^o, θ₂₃≈45^o

• two mass squared differences:

• Δm²₂₁≈7.6x10^-5eV² and |Δm²₃₂|≈2.4x10^-3 eV²

• source-detector baseline and neutrino energy

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Atmospheric Accelerator Reactor Solar

Neutrino mixing:

Pontecorvo-Maki- Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrix

* PDG 2018

T2K (TOKAI-TO-KAMIOKA) EXPERIMENT

• World-leading neutrino oscillations physics project

• T2K — long-baseline neutrino oscillation accelerator experiment in Japan

• International collaboration:

• ~500 members, 67 institutes, 12 countries

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IFIC participation since 2006

T2K EXPERIMENT: CONCEPT

• Near and far detectors

• Near detector (ND280) measurements are essential to study neutrino beam properties prior to oscillations → key element for oscillation analysis (OA)

• neutrino interactions measurements + “new physics” with ND

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ND• TPC calibration and data- taking

• Overall data-taking coordination

• Software for ND tracking

• Analysis software

• ND samples for OA Super-Kamiokande, SK

T2K EXPERIMENT: HIGHLIGHTS

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• Good agreement with reactor experiments

• T2K best fit (NH): sin

= 0.0277

• PDG 2016: sin

= 0.0210±0.0011

• 2

exclusion for CP-conservation independent of OA

• Large CPV favoured

• 31.6x10

POT (~40% of expected POT)

• ~50/50 neutrino/antineutrino modes

• Favours maximal θ

mixing

• Interesting tensions with NOVA

• More data needed for improvements

T2K EXPERIMENT: IMPACTS OF THE GROUP

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• Data-taking and calibration of the ND detectors: TPC and SMRD + timing calibration

• M.Sorel, A.Cervera, A.Izmaylov, M. Antonova, P. Novella

• Tracking software (A.Cervera, A.Izmaylov): key to combine information of ND280 sub-detectors

• Used for other projects: T2K-II, NOMAD, Wagasci/Baby-MIND, NEXT, DUNE

• Analysis software for ND: base for all ND studies including inputs for OA

• Coordination of theT2K WGs

• ND software: A.Cervera and A.Izmaylov (till 2018)

• ND inputs for OA + ND280 physics (A.Izmaylov)

• “New physics” studies in T2K (A.Izmaylov)

• OA work

• VALOR (Valenica-Lancaster-Oxford-Rutherford) framework (T2K-DUNE)

• M.Antonova responsible for VALOR-based T2K OA for 2019 - …

• T2K+reactors+SK global fits: M.Antonova, P.Novella, P.Fernandez in collaboration with UAM

T2K-II Protons-On-Target Request

JFY

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027

MR Beam Power [kW]

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

1400 21POT]Integrated Delivered Protons [10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

POT]21 . [10 July)−(Oct.Delivered Protons / Period

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

MR Power Supply upgrade

T2K-II Protons-On-Target Request

T2K FUTURE PROSPECTS

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• Solving neutrino puzzle requires further T2K data-taking with improved beam and detectors

• Improvements in ND analyses and SK: decrease systematic uncertainties → IFIC group impacts

• T2K phase-II proposal to start in ~2021 and run till 2026 (Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE time):

• Near detector upgrade

• Work on ND80 upgrade depends largely on the group inputs

• Tracking and analysis software

• Actual active participation depends on the funding/resources

3σ

SUPER-KAMIOKANDE REFURBISHMENT

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T2K to continue data-taking in spring 2019

IFIC members (M.Antonova) made valuable contributions

• In 2018 for the first time in a decade SK tanks was open

• Detector repair and Gd doping

• Improved neutron capture: CP-sensitivity and SN signal

Important input for IFIC being present in further T2K/SK analyses

NEUTRINO PUZZLE: FURTHER STEPS

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• Currents accelerator experiments give hints of CP-violation and will further increase our knowledge on neutrino properties

• Not enough to make definitive discovery: CP-effects sensitivity on ~3σ level

• New generation projects are needed!

• DUNE experiment in USA

• Hyper-Kamiokande project in Japan

DUNE sensitivity,

bands` width - variation of θ

DUNE EXPERIMENT

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• DUNE - new leading-edge mega-science project based in USA

• Neutrino science and proton decay studies

• 175 institutions from 32 countries + strong CERN involvement, ~1300 collaborators

• 40Kton (FV) Liquid Argon (LAr) modules in far detector

• Single-phase (SP) and double-phase (DP) technologies

• Schedule: 2022 -first module installation; 2026 - neutrino beam

ProtoDUNE-DP

PROTODUNE PROJECTS AT CERN

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• Novel LAr technology requires profound tests

• Prototypes at CERN: both SP and DP detectors

• Production, installation and design validation; long-term stability checks; calibration and performance with test-beam and cosmics; interactions of hadrons on Ar

• Status: SP started beam data-taking in fall 2019, further data and analysis in 2019-2020

ProtoDUNE-SP

PROTODUNE PROJECTS AT CERN

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IFIC IN DUNE

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• A. Cervera: technical coordinator of the Cryogenics Instrumentation and Slow Controls (CISC) consortium

• M.Sorel: physics subgroup of the Dual Phase Photon detector consortium (previously: nucleon decay analysis coordinator)

• P. Fernández: installation/integration subgroup of the CISC consortium;

simulation, reconstruction and analysis of the beam instrumentation in ProtoDUNE-SP

• Software and analysis:

• T2K ND280 analysis software being adopted for ProtoDUNEs and DUNE

• Analysis of the ProtoDUNE-SP data

IFIC IN DUNE

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• New laboratory in IFIC for cryogenics tests for DUNE

• Temperature measurements are crucial for LAr maintenance

• Tests of temperature sensors and materials for ProtoDUNE and DUNE: calibration @ 2mK level

• Design and development of the T-gradient monitor for ProtoDUNE-SP → further work for DUNE

• Fruitful collaboration with IFIC engineers & technicians

SUMMARY

• Neutrino physics is on the cutting edge of the efforts of understanding nature

• Neutrino quest is now centred on CP-violation search in lepton sector, some hints for strong CPV (T2K, NOVA)

• New generation of experiments is needed: DUNE and Hyper-K to make a definite discovery of the CPV (>5σ) and neutrino mixing properties

• IFIC group has made important and highly-recognised contributions to T2K neutrino program and its breakthrough results on neutrino oscillations

• Current activities of the group are largely focused on the DUNE project

• IFIC members lead various detector hardware efforts

• Collaboration with IFIC and CERN engineers on detector instrumentation

• Software and data analysis for (Proto)DUNE

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Thank You

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NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN T2K

“Disappearance" channel

• Precise measurement of “atmospheric” parameters θ₂₃ and Δm²₃₂ and CPT test via ν vs anti-ν analysis

18 P (⌫

! ⌫

) ' 1 (cos

✓

sin

2✓

) sin

✓

m

L 4E

◆

“Appearance” channel: measuring θ₁₃ and probing CP-violation (CPV)

• Leading term defines the octant of θ₂₃: <, > or = 45^o

• Sub-leading term accounts for CPV: enhanced effect when comparing neutrino and antineutrino data

Leading term

From Phys. Rev. D64 (2001) 053003

CP-violating

“+” sign for anti-ν

P (⌫

! ⌫

) ' sin

2✓

sin

✓

⇥ sin

[(1 x) ] (1 x)

+O(↵

)

m²₃₁

↵ = | m²₂₁

m²₃₁| ⇠ 1

30 = m²₃₁L 4E

CP-conserving

+↵ cos

⇥ sin 2✓

sin 2✓

sin 2✓

⇥ cos sin[x ] x

sin[(1 x) ] (1 x)

↵ sin

⇥ sin 2✓

sin 2✓

sin 2✓

⇥ sin sin[x ] x

sin[(1 x) ] (1 x)

* T2K leading efforts

T2K DATA TAKING

• POT (Protons on Target) for present results (Jan 2010 - May 2018):

• 1.51x10²¹(ν mode) + 1.65x10²¹(anti-ν mode) POT (47.8.% : 52.2%)

19 2018:

stable operation at ~480 kW 2010:

start operation

T2K results release:

νμ 1^st release

νe app 3.1σ

νe app 7.3σ

1^st constraint on δCP

ν_μ highest precision on θ23

2018 results

2018:

50/50

for FHC/RHC

THE T2K COLLABORATION

Canada TRIUMF

U. B. Columbia U. Regina

U. Toronto U. Victoria U. Winnipeg York U.

France

CEA Saclay IPN Lyon LLR E. Poly.

LPNHE Paris

Germany Aachen

20 500 members, 67 institutes, 12 countries

Italy

INFN, U. Bari INFN, U. Napoli INFN, U. Padova INFN, U. Roma Japan

ICRR Kamioka ICRR RCCN Kavli IPMU KEK

Kobe U.

Kyoto U.

Miyagi U. Edu.

Okayama U.

Osaka City U.

Tokyo Institute of Tech Tokyo Metropolitan U.

U. Tokyo

Tokyo U. of Science Yokohama National U.

Poland

IFJ PAN, Cracow NCBJ, Warsaw

U. Silesia, Katowice U. Warsaw

Warsaw U. T.

Wroclaw U.

Russia INR RAS

Spain

IFAE, Barcelona IFIC, Valencia

U. Autonoma Madrid

USA

Boston U.

Colorado S. U.

Duke U.

Louisiana State U.

Michigan S.U.

Stony Brook U.

U. C. Irvine U. Colorado U. Pittsburgh U. Rochester U. Washington

Vietnam IFIRSE IOP, VAST Switzerland

U. Bern U. Geneva

United Kingdom Imperial C. London Lancaster U.

Oxford U.

Queen Mary U. L.

Royal Holloway U.L.

STFC/Daresbury STFC/RAL

U. Liverpool U. Sheffield U. Warwick

T2K Experiment International Collaboration

T2K: SPANISH GROUPS IMPACT

• Spanish groups provide important and in many ways crucial contributions to the T2K experiment

• Near Detector:

• Magnet operations (IFAE), TPCs (IFAE and IFIC), near detector calibration, reconstruction and analysis

• Conveners of the groups responsible of the data-taking coordination, neutrino interactions modelling, tracking, analysis framework

development, “exotics” physics searches

• UAM actively participates in the Super-Kamiokande calibrations + work on Gd addition

• Further work beyond current activities:

• T2K+SK+reactors global fit (IFIC+UAM with T2K-UK/Japan groups)

• T2K ND280 analysis software for DUNE(-SP) analyses

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