PDF From B anomalies to ﬂavored searches at the LHC

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From B anomalies to flavored searches at the LHC

J. Martin Camalich

June 13th 2019

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The SM quark Flavor Puzzle

CKM and mass matrices: Parametrizations of flavor phenomena in the SM Strong hierarchies in masses and mixings (PDG)

m

up

= 0.0022(5) GeV m

top

= 173.0(4) GeV

Specific values of light quarks seem “tuned” (Anthropic arguments!) Origin of CP-violation

Why does Nature need three generations at all?

Where is “flavor” coming from?

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Precision physics programme in (quark) Flavour Physics

Quark mixing in precision regime since decades ago!

I

High-Luminosity LHC: Expected 10

¹⁵

b ¯ b pairs !!

HL-LHC Yellow Book A. Cerriet al., arXiv: 1812.07638

ca. 200 pages PDG

I

3 mixing angles and 1 CPV phase

I

6 quark masses

CKM: Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa paradigm

V

CKM

'







1−λ²/2 λ Aλ³(ρ−iη)

−λ 1−λ²/2 Aλ²

Aλ³(1−ρ−iη) −Aλ² 1







λ = 0.2253(7), A = 0.808(22),

¯

ρ = 0.132(22), η ¯ = 0.341(13)

Jure Zupan, arXiv: 1903.05062

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 3 / 18

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Precision physics programme in (quark) Flavour Physics

Quark mixing in precision regime since decades ago!

I

High-Luminosity LHC: Expected 10

¹⁵

b ¯ b pairs !!

HL-LHC Yellow Book A. Cerriet al., arXiv: 1812.07638

ca. 200 pages PDG

I

3 mixing angles and 1 CPV phase

I

6 quark masses

CKM: Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa paradigm

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The Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC)

Theorem: FCNC are “Loop-Suppressed” in the SM!

I

Prototypical example: FCNCs

M

SM

∼

Weak

z}|{ G

F Loop

z }| { y

_t²

16π

²

Flavor

z }| { (V

ts^∗

V

tb

)

²

| {z }

GIM

I

Flavour observables probe (indirectly) very high energy scales!

M. Neubert at EPS 2011

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 4 / 18

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Effective field theories and bottom-up approach to new physics

Legacy of Flavor Physics Program

I

High precision measurements of SM mixing parameters

I

Discover New Physics OR set the lower bounds on Λ

Flavor

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Flavor physics was instrumental in discovering and shaping the SM

I

Nuclear β-decays: Discovery weak interactions and neutrino

I

Rare Kaon-decays: Discovery of the charm quark

I

Kaon decays: Discovery of CP violation = ⇒ Discovery of 3 generations

Expect the unexpected ...

Thanks to Zoltan Ligeti for sharing this

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 6 / 18

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The Flavor Anomalies

Gauge interactions are generation independent!

Hints for Lepton Flavor Universality Violation (LFUV)?

“The flavour of new physics”, JMC & J. Zupan, CERN courier, May/June 2019

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Anomalies I: Status of LFUV in b → s` + ` −

Leptons do not feel the strong force!

R

_K(∗)

=

^{B( ¯}^B→K^(∗)^µ⁺^µ⁻⁾

B( ¯B→K^(∗)e⁺e⁻) SM

' 1

Deficits on R

_K(∗)

measured by LHCb

Signal of µ-to-e LFUV at (combined) 4σ!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 8 / 18

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Anomalies I: Status of LFUV in b → s` + ` −

Leptons do not feel the strong force!

R

_K(∗)

=

^{B( ¯}^B→K^(∗)^µ⁺^µ⁻⁾

B( ¯B→K^(∗)e⁺e⁻) SM

' 1

Deficits on R

_K(∗)

measured by LHCb

I

LHCb: poor efficiency in electrons!

I

Measure double ratios: Robust and validation

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Other “anomalies” in ∼ 100 observables of the b → sµ

⁺

µ

⁻

(S. Jäger talk)

Current-current interpretation!

L

eff

⊃

^C⁹⁽¹⁰⁾

Λ²New−Physics

(¯ sγ

^µ

P

L

b)(¯ µγ

µ

(γ

5

)µ) Λ

New−Physics

∼ 30 TeV!!!

UV completions: Z

⁰

’s and leptoquarks

Extra bounds from low energy e.g. Z

⁰

I

B

s

- B ¯

s

mixing

Z^′

b s

¯

s ¯b

I

Requires small Z

⁰

bs coupling! (e.g MFV)

I

Neutrino trident production

I

Controls Z

⁰

µµ coupling!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 9 / 18

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Other “anomalies” in ∼ 100 observables of the b → sµ

⁺

µ

⁻

(S. Jäger talk)

L

eff

⊃

^C⁹⁽¹⁰⁾

Λ²New−Physics

(¯ sγ

^µ

P

L

b)(¯ µγ

µ

(γ

5

)µ) Λ

New−Physics

∼ 30 TeV!!!

I

“Colored” gauged L

µ

− Lτ

Altmannshoferet al.PRD89(2014)095033

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Other “anomalies” in ∼ 100 observables of the b → sµ

⁺

µ

⁻

(S. Jäger talk)

L

eff

⊃

_Λ2^C⁹⁽¹⁰⁾ New−Physics

(¯ sγ

^µ

P

L

b)(¯ µγ

µ

(γ

5

)µ) Λ

New−Physics

∼ 30 TeV!!!

I

“Agnostic” simplified Z

⁰

models: pp → µ

⁻

µ

⁺

X LHC and beyond...

Allanachet al.JHEP1903(2019)137

Could be far from production @ LHC (or FCC!!)

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 9 / 18

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Anomalies II: Status of LFUV in b → cτ ν decays

R

_D(∗)

=

^{B( ¯}^B→D^(∗)^τ⁻^ν)^¯

B( ¯B→D^(∗)`⁻ν)¯

where ` = e, µ

Babar, Belle and LHCb are independently in tension with SM!

G. Caria @ Moriond EW 2019 (arXiv:1904.0879)

I

NEW: Belle with semi-leptonic tag

F

Consistent at ∼ 1σ with SM!!

I

World average now at ∼ 3σ from SM. . . S. Jäger talk

Why studying the R D

^(∗)

anomalies?

Λ

New−Physics

∼ 3 TeV

If true, find the “ultimate” collider search

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EFT of new-physics in b → cτ ν

Low-Energy EFT Lagrangian

L_eff⊃−^{GF Vcb}√

2 [(1+^`_L)`γ¯_µ(1−γ₅)ν_`·¯cγ^µ(1−γ₅)b+^`_R`γ¯_µ(1−γ₅)ν_`¯cγ^µ(1+γ₅)b +^`

SL`(1−γ¯ ₅)ν_`·¯c(1−γ₅)b+^`

SR`(1−γ¯ ₅)ν_`·¯c(1+γ₅)b+^`_T`σ¯_µν(1−γ₅)ν_`·¯cσ^µν(1−γ₅)b]+h.c.

,

I

The SM + 5 New-Physics operators

Matching to high-energy Lagrangian – SMEFT

I

Symmetry relations for

Γ F

In charged-currents

^`_R

:

O

Hud

= i Λ

²_NP

H ˜

^†

D

µ

H

u ¯

R

γ

^µ

d

R

RHC is lepton universal:

^`_R

≡

_R

+ O(

^v⁴

Λ4 NP

) ⇒ Cannot explain LFUV in R

_D(∗)

!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 11 / 18

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EFT of new-physics in b → cτ ν

Low-Energy EFT Lagrangian

2 [(1+^`_L)`γ¯_µ(1−γ₅)ν_`·¯cγ^µ(1−γ₅)b+^`_R`γ¯_µ(1−γ₅)ν_`¯cγ^µ(1+γ₅)b +^`

SL`(1−γ¯ ₅)ν_`·¯c(1−γ₅)b+^`

SR`(1−γ¯ ₅)ν_`·¯c(1+γ₅)b+^`_T`σ¯_µν(1−γ₅)ν_`·¯cσ^µν(1−γ₅)b]+h.c.

,

I

The SM + 5 New-Physics operators

Introducing light right-handed neutrinos N

R(See e.g.Robinson, Shakya & Zupan, JHEP 1902 (2019) 11) I

5 extra New-Physics operators

I

They do not interfere with the SM!

2 ˜^`_R `γ¯µN_R¯cγ^µ(1+γ₅)b

Consider 5 operators to explain R

_D(∗)

:

^τ_L

, ˜

_R^τ

,

^τ_S_L

,

^τ_S_R

,

^τ_T

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Trajectories of EFT scenarios: pre- and post-Moriond ’19

Tensor Vector

Scalar- Tensor

SM

Best scenario also enters through NEW current-current interactions

Rui-xiang Shi, Li-sheng Geng, B. Grinstein, S. Jäger & JMC, 1905.08498

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 12 / 18

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Crossing-symmetry connection to the mono-tau signature at the LHC

Greljo, JMC & Ruiz-Álvarez, PRL122, 131803

I

The proton is flavored. . .

^I

Cross-section at s m

²_W

σ

NP

σ

SM

∼ P

i

L

ib

⊗ |V

ib

|

²_v^s4

α

Γ

|

^τ_Γ

|

²

L

ud

⊗ |V

ud

|

²_v^s4

_M2 W s

²

I

NP suppressed by CKM and PDF’s

I

NP enhanced by s

²

/M

_W⁴

I

NP sensitivity is quadratic

Search excess in tails of pp → τ + MET!

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Crossing-symmetry connection to the mono-tau signature at the LHC

I

The proton is flavored. . .

I

Allows one to do LHC precision physics!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 13 / 18

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LHC data and simulations of pp → τ h X + MET

W

⁰

searches available from run 2 (13 TeV)

I

ATLAS: 36.1 fb

⁻¹PRL120, 161802, arXiv:1801.06992 [hep-ex]

I

CMS: 35.9 fb

⁻¹PLB792, 107, arXiv:1807.11421 [hep-ex]

I

Signal vs. SM background

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

) [GeV]

miss ,pT τ T( m

−2 10

−1 10 1 10 102

Events ATLAS W+jets estimation

W+jets EFT Tensor coupling W', m=2 TeV, 22% width

“No-loose theorem” for the discovery of NP at the LHC LHC is sensitive to NP scenarios addressing anomalies!

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Simplified mediators for the R D

(∗)

anomaly

1

Uncolored mediators

¯ c, ¯ b

W

^′

, H

b, c ¯ ν, τ

⁺

τ

⁻

, ν

I

Jacobian bump search

2

Colored mediators

¯ c, ¯ b

LQ b, c

¯ ν, τ

⁺

τ

⁻

, ν

I

Excess in tails

Mediator SU(3) SU(2) U(1) Current Scalar Tensor

W

_µ⁰

1 3, 1 0, +1 X X X

H 1 2 +1/2 X X X

S

1

3 1 -1/3 X X X

R

2

3 2 +7/6 X X X

U

₁^µ

3 1 +2/3 X X X

Charged Higsses challenged by B

c

lifetime!

Alonso, Grinstein & JMC,PRL118, 081802

A total of 8 different solutions!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 15 / 18

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LHC constraints on W 0 and leptoquark solutions

1

W

_L⁰

in SU(2)-triplet ruled out by B

s

mixing and pp → τ

⁺

τ

⁻Faroughy, Greljo & Kamenik ’16 2

W

_R⁰

ruled out except if broad (Γ

W⁰

& 0.5M

W⁰

)!

Greljo, JMC & Ruiz-Álvarez, PRL122, 131803 3

A total of six leptoquark scenarios

I

E.g. U

₁^µ

produces both LH and RH solutions

Only leptoquarks can explain the R

_D(∗)

anomalies

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Combined explanations of R D

(∗)

and R K

(∗)

anomalies

New current-current semileptonic operators

Bhattacharya et al. ’14, Alonso et al. ’15, Greljo et al. ’15, . . .

SMEFT operators

Q

_`q(ijkl)⁽¹⁾

=

_Λ¹2

( ¯ Q

_Lⁱ

γ

^µ

Q

_L^j

)(¯ L

_L^k

γ

µ

L

_L^l

), Q

_`q(ijkl)⁽³⁾

=

_Λ¹2

( ¯ Q

_Lⁱ

γ

^µ

~ τ Q

_L^j

) · (¯ L

_L^k

γ

µ

~ τ L

_L^l

)

1

Warning A Coupling to 3

^rd

generation: Large radiative LFUV in τ and Z decays!

O. Sumensari talk,

(Alonsoet al’13, Ferruglioet al.’16)

2

Lepton flavor structure:

F

Large enhancements C ˜

τ τ

C ˜

µµ

ruled out by B → K

^(∗)

νν unless C

_{τ τ}⁽¹⁾

' C

⁽³⁾_{τ τ}

F

Charged-lepton flavor violation! in e.g. B → K

^(∗)

τ µ unless there is “flavor alignment”

Glashow et al. ’14, Alonso et al. ’15, . . .

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 17 / 18

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Combined explanations of R D

(∗)

and R K

(∗)

anomalies

New current-current semileptonic operators

Bhattacharya et al. ’14, Alonso et al. ’15, Greljo et al. ’15, . . .

SMEFT operators

Q

_`q(ijkl)⁽¹⁾

=

_Λ¹₂

( ¯ Q

_Lⁱ

γ

^µ

Q

_L^j

)(¯ L

_L^k

γ

µ

L

_L^l

), Q

_`q(ijkl)⁽³⁾

=

_Λ¹₂

( ¯ Q

_Lⁱ

γ

^µ

~ τ Q

_L^j

) · (¯ L

_L^k

γ

µ

~ τ L

_L^l

)

Buttazzo et al. ’17

U

₁^µ

vector leptoquark has challenging UV completions!

Potential to discover New Physics!

2

The fate of the Flavour Anomalies:

I

Much more data is needed and coming!

I

Leptoquarks preferred solutions (Only plausible explanation of R

_D(∗)

)

I

Z

⁰

are candidates if only concerned by FCNC anomaly b → s``

3

Strong interplay with LHC searches:

“No loose theorem”: HL-LHC has the potential to discover “the model”. . . . . . whatever it might be ...

PDF From B anomalies to ﬂavored searches at the LHC

From B anomalies to flavored searches at the LHC

Where is “flavor” coming from?

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 3 / 18

Precision physics programme in (quark) Flavour Physics

Theorem: FCNC are “Loop-Suppressed” in the SM!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 4 / 18

Effective field theories and bottom-up approach to new physics

Rare Kaon-decays: Discovery of the charm quark

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 6 / 18

The Flavor Anomalies

Deficits on R

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 8 / 18

Anomalies I: Status of LFUV in b → s` + ` −

Extra bounds from low energy e.g. Z

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 9 / 18

Other “anomalies” in ∼ 100 observables of the b → sµ

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 9 / 18

Anomalies II: Status of LFUV in b → cτ ν decays

EFT of new-physics in b → cτ ν

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 11 / 18

EFT of new-physics in b → cτ ν

Tensor Vector

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 12 / 18

Crossing-symmetry connection to the mono-tau signature at the LHC

The proton is flavored. . .

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 13 / 18

LHC data and simulations of pp → τ h X + MET

Simplified mediators for the R D

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 15 / 18

LHC constraints on W 0 and leptoquark solutions

and R K

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 17 / 18

Combined explanations of R D

Potential to discover New Physics!

J. Martin Camalich (IAC) FromBanomalies to flavored searches at the LHC June 13th 2019 18 / 18