Stainless Steel in Figures
2014
Disclaimer
The Interna onal Stainless Steel Forum believes that the informa on presented is technically correct.
However, ISSF does not represent or warrant the accuracy of the informa on contained in this document or its suitability for any general or specifi c use. The material contained herein is by necessity general in nature; it should not be used or relied upon for any specifi c or general applica on without fi rst obtaining competent advice. ISSF, its members, staff and consultants specifi cally disclaim any and all liability or responsibility of any kind for loss, damage, or injury resul ng from the use of the informa on contained in this brochure.
For more informa on about the ac vi es of ISSF, or the sta s cs in this booklet, please contact:
Secretary-General, ISSF Rue Colonel Bourg 120 B-1140 Brussels, Belgium T: +32 (0)2 702 89 16 F: +32 (0)2 702 89 12 E: [email protected]
Website
More informa on about the work of ISSF can be found at worldstainless.
org.
Extranet
Members can access the worldstainless Extranet at:
h p://extranet.worldstainless.org Please note: you must have a valid user ID and password to access this site.
For more informa on about the worldstainless Extranet, please contact Jo Claes ([email protected]).
Unless otherwise indicated, all data in this booklet has been provided by the Interna onal Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF).
Data has also been provided by:
1. Interna onal Monetary Fund (IMF)
2. Yale University: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (Reck et al.)
3. Vale Inco
Data Sources
Further Information
Table of Contents
Secretary-General’s Message ... 4
SecƟ on 1: History and CompeƟ Ɵ on
Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop produc on ... 5Regional share of stainless steel produc on (2005 versus 2013) ... 5
Stainless steel versus plas cs - produc on evolu on (1980 - 2012) ... 6
Compound annual growth rate of major metals (1980 - 2013) ... 6
SecƟ on 2: Actual Performance
Stainless melt shop produc on (2007 - 2013p) ... 7Stainless melt shop produc on by quarter (2012 and 2013) ... 8
Stainless steel foreign trade (2012 and 2013) ... 9
Foreign trade exports of stainless steel (2012 and 2013) ... 10
Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap (2012 and 2013) ... 11
Apparent stainless steel use by region (2001 - 2013p) ... 12
Stainless melt shop produc on by region (2002 - 2013) ... 12
Stainless melt shop produc on by grade category (2002 - 2013) ... 13
Global stainless melt shop produc on by quarter (2002 - 2013) ... 13
SecƟ on 3: PotenƟ al
Demand versus real stainless steel use - Europe (Q1 2003 - Q4 2013p) ...14Demand versus real stainless steel use - Americas (Q1 2003 - Q4 2013p) ...14
Demand versus real stainless steel use - Asia, excluding China (Q1 2003 - Q4 2013p) ..15
Demand versus real stainless steel use - China (Q1 2003 - Q4 2013p) ...15
Demand versus real stainless steel use - World (Q1 2003 - Q4 2013p) ...16
Per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (2000, 2005, 2010) ... 16
Per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (2005 and 2010) ... 17
GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita (2005 and 2010) ... 18
Comparison of direct versus total stainless steel use (2005 and 2010) ... 19
Secretary-General’s Message
Dear Members
This is the third edi on of what has now become fi rmly established as a regular ISSF publica on: Stainless Steel in Figures.
Several of our members have commented to me that they fi nd its contents useful as a reference source for sta s cal data regarding our industry. As in previous years, we repeat our request to those of you who may have comments or sugges ons for ways in which this publica on can be improved, to send me a message.
As I indicated in my preface to last year’s
edi on, our goal is to build our own reliable sta s cal database, with regular up- dates and consistent repor ng standards, which members can use for their own decision making purposes. We have achieved a lot in our fi rst 17 years and we plan to build on those achievements in the years ahead.
This year we welcome Kai Hasenclever to the ISSF Team, as the successor to Peter Kaumanns, whose research and sta s cal development work led to the publica on of the fi rst edi on of this booklet.
Kai brings several years of experience in a variety of fi elds within the industry to ISSF and he would welcome any ideas or sugges ons which our members may have.
Kai may be reached by email at [email protected], but he will also be available throughout the Annual Conference in case anyone would prefer to talk to him directly.
John Rowe Secretary-General,
Interna onal Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) Brussels, May 2014
First oil crisis
Second oil crisis
First Gulf war Asian crises 2001 recession
World ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂů
crisis
1 Mt
38.1 Mt (2013)
1950 2013
Compound annual growth KƌŝŐŝŶĂůƟŵĞƐĞƌŝĞƐ͗ϱ͘ϵϰй dƌĞŶĚŐƌŽǁƚŚ͗ϱ͘ϱϯй
DŝůůŝŽŶŵĞƚƌŝĐƚŽŶŶĞƐ;DƚͿ
34%
11%
13%
39%
3%
China Other Asia
(excluding China)
19%
6%
50%
23%
2%
EU-27 Americas Rest of world
Section 1: History and Competition
Figure 1: Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop producƟ on (slab/ingot equivalent): 1950 – 2013 (in Mt)
Figure 2: Regional share of stainless steel producƟ on: 2005 (leŌ ) and 2013 (right)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Stainless steel
WůĂƐƟĐƐ
Index: 1990 = 100
35.4 Mt (2012)
1980 2012
6.9 Mt
Lead
Carbon steel
Stainless steel Aluminium Zinc Copper
2.04%
2.34%
2.66%
3.62%
5.32%
2.35%
Average: 2.42%
Section 1: History and Competition
Figure 3: Stainless steel producƟ on versus plasƟ cs producƟ on: 1980 – 2012. The producƟ on evoluƟ on of both is similar, though stainless steel is more volaƟ le.
Figure 4: Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2013
Country/Region 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Belgium 1,521 1,471 1,045 1,306 1,241 1,241 1,298
Finland 975 957 726 998 1,003 1,078 1,080
France 308 297 202 276 300 285 300
Germany 1,505 1,574 1,320 1,509 1,502 1,313 1,091
Italy 1,558 1,471 1,216 1,583 1,602 1,696 1,556
Spain 1,105 998 693 844 807 844 855
Sweden 645 574 445 546 586 510 501
United Kingdom 351 340 224 279 330 294 257
Other EU 148 158 114 152 188 195 211
European Union 8,115 7,838 5,986 7,494 7,559 7,455 7,147
USA 2,171 1,925 1,617 2,201 2,074 1,977 2,030
Brazil 433 390 324 409 413 391 425
Americas 2,604 2,315 1,942 2,609 2,486 2,368 2,454
Japan 3,882 3,567 2,607 3,427 3,247 3,166 3,175
South Korea 1,942 1,660 1,677 2,048 2,157 2,167 2,143 Taiwan, China 1,515 1,297 1,468 1,514 1,203 1,109 1,067
China 7,206 6,943 8,805 11,256 14,091 16,087 18,984
India 1,966 1,832 1,721 2,022 2,163 2,279 2,403
Asia 16,510 15,299 16,277 20,267 22,861 24,807 27,772
South Africa 651 528 546 480 443 503 492
Russia 143 135 86 122 125 112 152
Ukraine 124 104 67 118 147 118 112e
World 28,146 26,218 24,904 31,090 33,621 35,363 38,130
Section 2: Actual Performance
Table 1: Stainless melt shop producƟ on (ingot/slab equivalent) in 1,000 metric tonnes: 2007 – 2013.
Note: A major correc on of Chinese data in 2011 means data from 2011 onwards is not comparable with earlier years.
Western Europe/ Africa Central & Eastern Europe
The Amer
icas Asia (excluding China) China World
Quarter 1
2012 2,211 87 607 2,226 3,790 8,922
2013 2,157 94 598 2,170 4,575 9,594
% change -2.5 7.8 -1.5 -2.5 20.7 7.5
Quarter 2
2012 2,065 98 613 2,236 4,006 9,017
2013 1,951 114 596 2,149 4,584 9,394
% change -5.5 16.5 -2.7 -3.9 14.4 4.2
First half
2012 4,276 184 1,220 4,462 7,796 17,939
2013 4,108 207 1,195 4,319 9,160 18,988
% change -3.9 12.4 -2.1 -3.2 17.5 5.8
Quarter 3
2012 1,756 90 603 2,118 4,015 8,582
2013 1,576 93 629 2,168 5,016 9,482
% change -10.3 3.5 4.4 2.4 24.9 10.5
Quarter 4
2012 1,798 85 545 2,140 4,275 8,843
2013 1,813 107 630 2,301 4,809 9,660
% change 0.8 26.8 15.7 7.5 12.5 9.2
Second half
2012 3,553 175 1,148 4,258 8,291 17,424
2013 3,388 201 1,260 4,469 9,825 19,142
% change -4.6 14.8 9.7 5.0 18.5 9.9
Full year 2012 7,829 359 2,368 8,720 16,087 35,363
2013 7,496 408 2,454 8,788 18,984 38,130
% change -4.3 13.6 3.6 0.8 18.0 7.8
Section 2: Actual Performance
Table 2: Stainless melt shop producƟ on (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes: 2012 compared to 2013
Cold flat 47.0%
Hot coils 25.4%
Cold bars/wire 7.6%
Semis flat 1.4%
Hot bars/wire rod 8.4%
Semis long 3.0%
Hot plate and sheet 7.2%
Cold flat
47.2% Hot coils
26.0%
Cold bars/wire 7.3%
Semis flat 1.4%
Hot bars/wire rod 8.4%
Semis long 2.6%
Hot plate and sheet 7.0%
Stainless steel foreign trade in 2012
Figure 5b: Stainless steel foreign trade in 2013
DesƟ naƟ on
NAFTA LaƟ n America Western Europe Eastern Europe Middle East Africa Asia Others Total
NAFTA 427.5 79.8 148.8 1.5 2.8 1.5 82.8 1.1 745.6
La n
America 37.6 57.7 8.1 0.3 1.5 3.3 10.8 0.1 119.3
Western
Europe 846.3 87.3 5,278.3 698.8 63.8 82.7 510.3 22.8 7,590.3
Eastern
Europe 13.7 0.8 201.1 156.6 2.7 0.7 6.2 0.0 381.9
Middle East* 4.3 0.3 6.3 0.3 n/a 0.0 7.1 0.4 18.6
Africa 36.6 40.5 88.9 8.2 16.9 6.5 91.9 1.1 290.07
Asia 395.4 155.0 849.0 204.5 145.4 73.4 4,292.5 76.5 6,191.6
Others 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.1 2.6
Total 1,761.4 421.3 6,580.7 1,070.1 233.1 168.5 5,002.5 103.1 15,340.6
Section 2: Actual Performance
DesƟ naƟ on
NAFTA LaƟ n America Western Europe Eastern Europe Middle East Africa Asia Others Total
NAFTA 488.8 62.0 141.8 0.9 2.9 1.0 66.3 1.1 764.7
La n
America 12.9 48.9 8.8 0.3 1.4 1.7 13.7 0.1 87.8
Western
Europe 638.6 68.9 5,258.4 763.9 60.9 78.8 495.6 31.9 7,397.0
Eastern
Europe 12.2 1.0 206.9 165.6 0.4 0.5 6.7 0.5 393.8
Middle East* 3.5 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.4 9.7
Africa 26.5 42.7 81.4 17.6 17.3 10.9 98.2 1.1 295.7
Asia 325.0 153.4 1,112.7 222.0 184.5 84.6 4,653.8 76.4 6,812.3
Others 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 2.1
Total 1,507.8 377.0 6,812.3 1,170.3 267.4 177.4 5,338.4 112.5 15,763.1
Table 3b: Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 2013 (1,000 metric tonnes).
Includes feedstock material for further processing.
Table 3a: Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 2012 (1,000 metric tonnes).
Includes feedstock material for further processing.
Note: *Indicates imports from that region.
DesƟ naƟ on
NAFTA LaƟ n America Western Europe Eastern Europe Middle East Africa Asia Others Total
NAFTA 168.5 1.2 206.5 0.0 0.2 0.1 574.0 0.2 950.6
La n
America 0.2 0.0 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.2 0.0 62.8
Western
Europe 3.3 0.6 2,256.3 112.9 5.7 0.2 471.1 0.0 2,850.1
Eastern
Europe 0.0 1.3 423.9 58.7 0.0 0.0 18.4 0.0 502.3
Middle East* 0.1 0.0 31.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.5 0.0 87.6
Africa 0.0 0.0 29.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.2 0.0 62.6
Asia 1.1 0.0 14.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 563.1 0.0 578.7
Others 0.0 0.0 10.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.9 0.0 46.2
Total 173.2 3.1 3,020.8 171.7 6.5 0.3 1,765.1 0.3 5,140.9
DesƟ naƟ on
NAFTA LaƟ n America Western Europe Eastern Europe Middle East Africa Asia Others Total
NAFTA 192.9 1.8 45.5 1.9 0.7 0.5 628.0 0.4 871.6
La n
America 0.2 0.0 41.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.0 48.5
Western
Europe 0.9 0.0 2,223.2 105.5 1.2 1.0 375.4 0.0 2,707.2
Eastern
Europe 0.0 1.6 346.3 40.2 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.0 396.4
Middle East* 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.1 0.0 82.4
Africa 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 19.9 0.0 24.7
Asia 0.2 0.0 8.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 548.6 0.0 557.5
Others 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.3 0.1 41.1
Total 194.3 3.4 2,684.9 147.6 2.3 1.7 1,694.7 0.5 4,729.3
Note: *Indicates imports from that region.
Table 4b: Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap in 2013 (1,000 metric tonnes).
Table 4a: Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap in 2012 (1,000 metric tonnes).
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia (excl. China) China Others 2012 2013 p
5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011* 2012 Western Europe/Africa Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia (excl. China) China
24,546
28,146 26,218
24,904
20,690 22,840
24,570
28,706
31,094
33,621 -0.1% -2.0% -6.8% -5.0%
+7.8% +10.4% +7.6% +16.9% +24.9% N/A
2013 35,363 +5.2%
38,130 +7.8%
Section 2: Actual Performance
*Major correc on of Chinese data for 2011, not comparable with previous years.
Figure 6: Apparent stainless steel use by region: 2001 - 2013p
Figure 7: Stainless melt shop producƟ on (slab/ingot equivalent) by region: 2002- 2013 (in 1,000 metric tonnes)
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072008 2009 2010 2011*
CrMn grades (200 series)
CrNi grades (300 series) Cr grades (400 series) Other/not known
22.1 22.0 23.0 22.8 29.9 25.024.5 28.1 27.927.8
71.3 70.6 65.5 64.7 55.2 52.962.3 56.9 57.456.5
5.7 6.5 9.4 10.4 13.4 20.8
10.9 12.5 13.613.2
2012
26.954.317.4 25.025.4 25.625.5 54.652.5 52.052.8 18.620.7 20.920.4
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2013 2013
29.955.213.4 25.453.020.2
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012
Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
2011* 2013
*Major correc on of Chinese data for 2011 and 2012. Not fully comparable with previous years (especially CrMn grades).29.929.955.255.213.413.4fllblh(ll) *Major correc on of Chinese data for 2011, not comparable with previous years.
Figure 8: Stainless melt shop producƟ on (slab/ingot equivalent) by grade: 2002-2013
Figure 9: Stainless melt shop producƟ on (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter:
2002-2013 (in 1,000 metric tonnes)
Section 3: Potential
Stainless Steel Demand Index
Index: 2005 = 100
80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Real Stainless Steel Use
Stainless Steel Demand Index
Index: 2005 = 100
70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Real Stainless Steel Use
Where demand exceeds use, subs tu on of stainless steel by other materials may be occurring.
Figure 10: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - Europe (Q1 2003 to Q4 2013p)
Figure 11: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - The Americas (Q1 2003 to Q4 2013p)
Real stainless steel use: portion of apparent stainless steel use which is really used to produce goods containing stainless steel.
Stainless Steel Demand Index 80
90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Real Stainless Steel Use
Index: 2005 = 100
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Stainless Steel Demand Index Real Stainless Steel Use
Index: 2005 = 100
Stainless Steel Demand Index:
aggregated produc on index weighted by main stainless-using industrial sectors, and by market size.
Figure 12: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - Asia, excluding China (Q1 2003 to Q4 2013p)
Figure 13: Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - China (Q1 2003 to Q4 2013p)
Stainless Steel Demand Index 80
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Real Stainless Steel Use
Index: 2005 = 100
Section 3: Potential
Taiwan, China Korea
Japan Ital y Sweden
GermanySpain USA Australia
United Kingdom France
Thailand South Afric
a ChinaTurkey
Russia Mexico
Brazil Indonesia India 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
2000 2005 2010
Stainless steel demand versus real stainless steel use - World (Q1 2003 to Q4 2013p)
Figure 15: Comparison of per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel - selected countries - 2000, 2005 and 2010 (kg/capita). Source: IMF, Yale.
Taiwan, China Korea
Japan Ital y Sweden
GermanySpain USA Australia
United Kingdom France
Thailand South Afric
a ChinaTurkey
Russia Mexico
Brazil Indonesia India 0
5 10 15 20 25
Taiwan, China Korea
Japan Ital y Sweden
Germany Spain USA
Australia United Kingdom
France
Thailand South Afric
a
China Turk
ey Russia Mexico
Brazil Indonesia India 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Figure 16: Per-capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (kg/capita) for selected countries - 2005 (top) and 2010 (boƩ om). Source: IMF, Yale.
0 5 10 15 20 25 US$5,000
US$10,000 US$15,000 US$20,000 US$25,000 US$30,000 US$35,000 US$40,000 US$45,000
Taiwan, China Germany
United Kingdom
Thailand
Spain
Korea
Mexico
China India
Australia
Italy
Indonesia
France
Sweden
Turkey
USA
Japan
South Africa Brazil
Russia
kg/capita GDP/capita
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
US$5,000 US$10,000 US$15,000 US$20,000 US$25,000 US$30,000 US$35,000 US$40,000 US$45,000 US$50,000
Taiwan, China Germany
United Kingdom
Thailand
Spain Korea
Mexico
China India
Australia
Italy
Indonesia
France
Sweden
Turkey USA
Japan
South Africa Brazil
Russia
kg/capita GDP/capita
Section 3: Potential
Figure 17: GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita in 2005 (top) and 2010 (boƩ om). Source: IMF, Yale.
Taiwan, China
Korea
Japan Italy
Germany South Afric
USA a
United Kingdom
France
Spain Russia China
Mexico
Brazil India
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Direct use Total use
kg/capita
Taiwan, China
Korea
Japan Italy
Germany South Afric
USA a
United Kingdom
France
Spain Rus China
sia Mexico
Brazil India
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Direct use Total use
kg/capita
Figure 18: Comparison of direct stainless steel use (mill products) versus total stainless steel use (plus trade balance of stainless containing goods) in 2005 (top) and 2010 (boƩ om). Source: IMF, Yale, Vale Inco.