I am a Nigerian and a Roman Catholic Priest of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans), the Congregation Fr. The purpose here is to provide a foundation for our investigation into the connection between some religious virtues and conflict resolution.
Introduction
It is complete because the issues in conflict are no longer part of the political agenda and/or cease to be important for the parties to the agreement; that. Therefore, it is satisfactory to all parties because it is perceived as "fair" or "just" according to their value systems; it is uncompromising, in the sense that the terms are not based on the sacrifice of unfulfilled BHNs as part of a compromised, "half-baked" solution; it is innovative, in that the solution offers a new and positive relationship between the parties; and it is non-coercive, in that the adversaries freely arrive at their own solution, without any imposition from an external authoritative agency (Mitchell, 1990).
Human need theory (HNT)
- Burton’s approach to problem-solving workshop (PSW)
- The usefulness of problem-solving workshop (PSW) approach
- Advantages of human needs theory
- Disadvantages of the human needs theory
According to Max-Neef (1992), the fulfillment of nine human needs in any society will bring peace and development in it. However, Burton's works assume benevolence on the part of the powerful for the success of a PSW approach.
Religion as the root cause of conflict
Religion has been associated with violence in the past and continues to be associated with violence in the modern world. Therefore, in conflicts where religion is a factor, it is likely to be the cause of the conflict.
Natural resources as the root cause of conflict
A second version of natural resource theory, however, argues that grievances over the distribution of natural resource profits are the cause of conflict, not greed. That is, the rebels simply want good publicity by suggesting that they are disadvantaged by a lack of equal distribution of natural resources.
The clash of civilizations as the root cause of conflict
Moreover, as for Müller's position that ethnic nationalism is driven by the “enduring tendencies of the human mind” –. Therefore, the problem is not the people; it is the institutions of the state and the lack of justice that exists within the state.
Post-colonial theory
It proceeds from the assumption that those in the West, both inside and outside the academy, should take other knowledge, other perspectives, as seriously as those in the West. Jesus recognized that it is the action of people that brings them salvation, empowers them.
Conclusion
Introduction
Background to the Roman Catholic Christian Mission
Thus the whole world was under the Pope's control, and he had the power to declare war against infidels. Moreover, two additional views asserted the Pope's powers to declare war on infidels. The Pope has no dominion in the lands of the infidels, as he only has power within the Church.
Background of Francis Libermann
- His Jewish background
- Jacob’s family background
- Christianisation of Jacob Libermann
- Why Jacob Libermann became a Christian
- Lazarus Libermann’s reaction to Jacob’s conversion
- Francis Libermann’s illness—Epilepsy
- Invitation to a “Project for the Blacks”
- Francis’s acceptance of the “Project for the Blacks”
The universality of the flock is now united in the flock formed by the Divine Shepherd himself. In February 1838 he had a major attack in the presence of the novices and was told to forget the priesthood. He spent some time with Francis and explained to him the condition of the slaves in the colonies.
Introduction
The conflict between white Europeans and the black African population
It was an obvious frustration of the satisfaction of the basic human needs (BHNs) identity, self-esteem and participation of the black population. This shows the absolute power of the white European over the black enslaved person during this period. However, these revolts were a direct result of the French Revolution of 1789 and its emphasis on the "rights of man".
The French State response
It was the conflict between the white Europeans and black people all over the world. It was a plan for peace, but peace, for the white people and not the black people. The response of the French state was not to address the unfulfilled BHNs of black people.
Francis Libermann’s response: The “Project for the Blacks”
Conflict analysis
When we look at the condition of black people anywhere in the world today, we may be tempted to think that God has cursed them from the beginning and oppressed them under the burden of ignorance and suffering. This is salvation as in the original meaning of the Latin word salus - a person's well-being in body and soul - satisfaction BHN. Therefore, in this respect, he once again participated in the colonization of blacks by insisting on the use of European religion and culture.
Conflict resolution proposal
On the other hand, Francis was deeply interested in the education of Africans, both lay and clergy; they should be educated at the same colleges. The knowledge of the layman should be of the same standard as that of the clergy. The third was the Cavally River to the Volta River, with a residence in Kumasi of the Ashanti Kingdom.
Concluding analysis
It was therefore in 1848 that the Holy Spirit Missionary's first seminary in Dakar with eight students only taught Latin and Wolof – the local language of the people of Senegal. As such, there is a need to call for accountability on the part of the local chiefs and the white people who traded in slavery. However, I have to uncover the inadequacies of Christian missionary work: the division between religions and dominion; the superiority of white people over black people; and the suppression of African faith and culture.
Introduction
The virtue of humility
With humility we learn that we must not appear more than we are; but we also know that we are more than we appear to be. It requires us to know our virtues and our vices – it is the totality of our being. Humility opens up a situation of conflict so that we recognize that the offender is more than they show through their anger.
The virtue of charity
Francis uses the virtue of humility in the sense of humus, as we have seen. Why do you see the speck in your brother's eye and never see the big tree trunks in your own?" It reminds black and white people to accept each other without preconceptions, without prior conditions and without judgments. Le Vavasseur (one of his friends who invited him to participate in the "Project for the Blacks") in 1850 about why he did not want to be active.
Concluding analysis
The next chapter examines some conflicts in Nigeria, trying to find their root causes with a view to continuing and using the religious virtues of humility and charity for a conflict resolution project with a view to stopping the cycle of oppression. Nigeria has vast natural resources and is the fifth largest exporter of crude oil in the world. We examine these five conflicts in Nigeria with the sole purpose of understanding what the actors in the conflict claim as the root cause of the conflict; we are not passing any judgment on them.
The implementation of Sharia law in Nigeria
While the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI, 2013) ranks Nigeria 144 as the most corrupt country in the world, other Sharia law countries such as Iran (144), Pakistan (127), Yemen (167) and Iraq (171) are among the most corrupt countries in the world. The lack of freedom is evident in the prohibition of alcohol; segregation of the sexes in hotels, restaurants, buses and taxis; and to educate boys and girls separately, regardless of their faith – factors that generate conflict in the state (Harnischfeger, 2004, p 432). Moreover, "the government pays the salaries of imams and finances their construction of mosques, while restricting the right of Christians to build churches" (Harnischfeger, 2004, p. 432), this also causes conflicts in the state.
Niger Delta conflict
Therefore, the people of the Niger Delta argue that they have a grievance about the distribution of proceeds from the sale of oil in their land. So, the people of Niger Delta may have no choice but to fight for their human needs of distributive justice. Therefore, the resolution of the Niger Delta conflict will have to take into account BHNs, grievances and greed factors.
The Boko Haram conflict
As such, Boko Haram is a political organization: Jama'atu Ahilis Sunna Lidda'awati Wal-Jihad (people committed to the spread of the Prophet's teachings and Jihad), and therefore they advocate Sharia law in Nigeria (Stroehlein, 2012). Therefore, we argue and conclude here that Boko Haram is a phenomenon that emerged due to the frustration of BHNs to a majority of Nigerians in the North. To resolve this conflict, it is necessary for the BHNs to be satisfied with distributive justice and cultural security for the majority of Northern Nigerians, but also to pay attention to the issue of greedy Nigerians: corruption.
Cultism in Nigerian universities
Here, the main problem affecting young men at university who perpetrate this violence is low self-esteem. By abusing non-members - women and students with good academic records - the cult student gains recognition in his society. It is imperative that the resolution of this conflict requires the satisfaction of these BHNs for young men.
Violence against children
In 1999, Soyinka called for the closure of universities in Nigeria for two years so that the authorities could deal with this crisis. Through membership in these sects, these students aim to improve their status in society and thereby fulfill these needs - by being seen as somebody. Profitable priest-prophets who claim to be able to identify witches and offer exorcisms provide further legitimation for witch accusations.
Concluding analysis
However, as our analysis of the examples above shows, the two most important factors that have fueled violent conflicts are: the frustration of fulfilling the BHNs of distributive justice, security, cultural security and identity; and the strategic expression of this frustration as an interest in transforming political power relations in order to control destiny and self-determination by dividing Nigerian society into groups and depicting them in opposition to each other. Of course, the adversarial method used by those who want power or control is facilitated by religion and ethnicity, factors that are used as boundary markers and indicators in the search for the transformation of power relations. To propose the approaches we should take, let us first look at what lessons we have learned from the Black Project, both positive and negative.
Introduction
Concluding lessons from the “Project for the Blacks”
The problematic lessons
Francis also imposed Western civilization on the indigenous population, but this was the civilization of the colonizers. Second, Francis insisted on the virtues of humility and love in dealing with the colonizers, which helped the colonizers' project. Despite these disadvantages, positive lessons have been learned from this project because it addresses some BHN of the black population.
The positive lessons
Insisting on helping black people overcome the notion that they were inferior, he said "it is a grievous sin to allow the notion to continue in the mind of the black" (ND, 1956, VII, p. 161). In addition, Francis used the virtue of charity, as in carus, the Latin meaning of the word, to show how precious and valuable black people were and deserve to be as highly valued, respected and loved as white people were. Based on these negative and positive experiences, we have drawn from the "Project for the Blacks" and we propose the following principles that can help design a conflict resolution project related to the conflicts in Nigeria.
Concluding Principles arising for conflict resolution in Nigeria
However, it was a divide and rule strategy for power and not for serving the people. This means helping people understand that they need each other and that they cannot do without the other. The use of non-violent methods is a promising approach that can help people control the power of their leaders and hold them accountable.
Concluding proposals
People weren't part of the planning, so how could I expect them to accept it. The Limits of the War-Making Power: The Contribution of the Medieval Canonists's in The Crusades, Holy War, and Canon Law.London: Variorum. Libermann's birth in 1802 as seen in the context of the church in France.