Recognition of the other

Additionally –this is the second fundamental critique addressed by Butler to the psychoanalytical canon– the privileging of the phallus as the signifier of the Law and its structural identification with the penis lead Lacan to reify a contingent product of the imaginary, and stabilize the phallus by inscribing it within the symbolic realm. In other words, Butler argues that Lacan does not conceive of the symbolic order as, actually, a social and political order, which does not transcend culture because it is itself cultural. In line with Foucault’s genealogical method, she interprets those identities associated with sexual binarism not as unchanging realities, but as contingent effects of a biopoli- tical apparatus. Thus, Butler counters both Freud and Lacan with a highly counterintui- tive thesis: that gender difference is not so much the product of a cultural elaboration of bodily differences or symbolic positions, as a set of biopolitical norms that shape bodily differences, symbolic positions and gender identities. Drawing on Adrienne Rich’s con- cept of compulsory heterosexuality, Butler calls this set of norms “heterosexual matrix”. To her, the foreclosure of homosexuality in Freud and Lacan is rooted in the binary and heterosexist apparatus of power, which regulates sexuality in our societies and is stren- gthened by both authors.

The translation gesture is a variable force movement, starting and ending with a stationary state. Essentially, the 6 translation gestures are the same but moving in different directions. After the gesture starts, the acceleration value in the direction of movement increases quickly, then changes its direction, and finally returns to zero. So ideally, the acceleration in the axis along the movement direction should look like a sinusoid in one period, and the acceleration data in the other two axes should be close to zero (see Fig. 4). The axis where this pattern appears and the order of the appearance of the curve’s peak and valley indicate the direction of the movement. For example, Fig. 4 represents a ‘Right’ movement (sinusoid-like curve in the x axis, with the peak appearing earlier than the valley).

3) Final deviation computation using individual models. With these final deviations, normalized vectors (also ca- lled patterns), can be obtained to form a diagnostic space and perform the fault recognition. Gas turbine fault diag- nostics, particularly the gas path fault identification, is based on pattern recognition techniques such as Radial Basis Network (Loboda et al., 2010), Probabilistic Neural Network (Tsalavoutas et al., 2000), Bayesian Network (Romessis and Mathioudakis, 2004) and Multi-Layer Per- ceptron (MLP) (Roemer and Kacprzynski, 2000; Volponi et al., 2000; Sampath and Singh, 2004). The latter techni- que has been applied widely in the past years and has shown that is it not inferior to other methods (Loboda et al., 2010). Therefore, this work uses the MLP to calculate the probability of correct diagnosis. The methodology utilized is implemented in Matlab. Its neural network toolbox (Beale et al., 2014) assists in an efficient develop- ment of the algorithm.

insight I came close to in the essay on ‘Presence and Representation’, though it was scarcely more than a hunch at the time. I observed that, for the ethnographer, there is a kind of experiencing the other ‘that may grow with time and, at any rate, needs time to grow’ (1990c: 769, 1991: 221). In fact, a similar idea had occurred to me in Time and the Other where I said that in order to be knowingly in each other’s presence we must somehow share each other’s past. Tentative and cryptic as this may have been, eventually it made me realize how important a role remembering plays in the kind of speaking of others we call ethnography. This idea began to take shape when I worked on a study of reports on the exploration of Central Africa, first discussed in an article called ‘Remembering the Other’ (1999, reprinted in Fabian, 2002a: ch. 9; see also Fabian, 2000). Essentially it was a continuation of the argument regarding coevalness as a condition of communicative research, now with a focus on recognition. What made this concept productive was that it led me to think about ethnographic inquiry as re- cognition, as cognizing and remembering.

Abstract: In pattern recognition, it is well known that the classifier performance depends on the classification rule and the complexities presented in the data sets (such as class overlapping, class imbalance, outliers, high-dimensional data sets among others). In this way, the issue of class imbalance is exhibited when one class is less represented with respect to the other classes. If the classifier is trained with imbalanced data sets, the natural tendency is to recognize the samples included in the majority class, ignoring the minority classes. This situation is not desirable because in real problems it is necessary to recognize the minority class more without sacrificing the precision of the majority class. In this work we analyze the behaviour of four classifiers taking into a count a relative balance among the accuracy classes.

In van Engelen et al. [2004] a unified framework for nonlinear dependence test- ing and symbolic analysis (e.g., value range analysis and array region analysis) is proposed. The core of the framework is the computation of chains of recur- rences that represent the updating of the variables assigned in a loop body. An algorithm that uses this information to recognize generalized inductions even in the presence of complex if-endif constructs is described. The XARK com- piler has been successfully applied to predict and understand the behavior of memory hierarchy [Andrade et al. 2007] by building and manipulating chains of recurrences that represent the memory accesses of array references. Thus, extending XARK to fully support the chains of recurrences formalism would widen its scope of application by providing a standard interface with other compiler techniques. Furthermore, XARK builds a hierarchical representation of the source code as kernels and dependence relationships between kernels, which enables optimizing and parallelizing compilers to apply restructuring techniques that go far beyond induction variable substitution. An example ap- plication was presented in Arenaz et al. [2004], where XARK was used as a powerful information-gathering infrastructure to generate parallel code based on the recognition of kernels (e.g., irregular array assignment and irregular array reduction).

The libraries used to develop the recognition and speech synthesis modules were Microsoft® SAPI SDK version 4.0. These libraries add the advantage that the application not only uses the engine included in SAPI, but rather engines of other developers can also be recognized by the application if they are compatible with SAPI.

Most members of the large nuclear-encoded family of penta- tricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are predicted to be targeted to mito- chondria and plastids and a number of these play relevant roles in the maturation of organellar RNAs. Here we report the novel Mitochondrial Editing Factor 26 (MEF26), which consists of twenty PPR domains and C-terminal E and DYW domains. Analysis of plastid and mitochondrial RNA editing in two homozygous mutant lines of this gene revealed that two sites out of 434 are affected in different mitochondrial tran- scripts. While at one site, cox3-311, editing is completely abolished in the absence of MEF26, the other site, nad4-166, is still partially edited. Full editing at both sites is recovered in the mutants by complemen- tation with a wild type MEF26 gene. The different editing ef fi ciencies at these sites suggest the presence of an additional RNA editing factor which can distinguish between the highly similar cis-elements of nad4-166 and cox3-311 and recognize only nad4-166. Application of the recently proposed amino acid code for RNA recognition by PPR pro- teins ranks cox3-311 and nad4-166 sites at fi rst and second positions of the most probable targets of MEF26, respectively. Analysis of putative MEF26 orthologs in several other plant species reveal that the two amino acids involved in the recognition of the nucleotides in the cis- element (6th amino acid in one PPR motif and 1st amino acid in the next PPR motif) are conserved, suggesting their functional involvement in editing the same sites.

prising a couple of hundred lipid molecules per bilayer, to micron-sized platforms with thousands of molecules readily observable by conventional wide-field light microscopy (Griffie, Burn, & Owen, 2015; Maxfield, 2002; Rao & Mayor, 2014; van Zanten & Mayor, 2015). Functionally, lipid domains play important roles in the cell by way of the lateral separation of chemical spe- cies in the plane of the membrane. The chemical analysis of the postsynaptic apparatus in the peripheral nervous system shows that cholesterol is a very abundant component (see review in Barrantes, 1989) of this specialized mem- brane. This sterol is an essential partner of the nAChR, affecting its distribution and several of its functional properties in the peripheral synapse, the neuromus- cular junction (Barrantes, 2010, 2012). The lateral heterogeneity of lipids in the postsynaptic membranes of the Torpedo electrocyte was an early biophys- ical finding: protein-associated lipids were shown to be immobilized with respect to bulk membrane lipid (Marsh & Barrantes, 1978), and subsequent work has shown that cholesterol-like molecules form part of this protein- immobilized pool (Barrantes, 2007). The functional implications of this finding became apparent when it was demonstrated that cholesterol is an essential component for maintaining nAChR agonist-dependent state transitions in the postsynaptic membrane (Criado, Eibl, & Barrantes, 1982). It has been pro- posed that there are two cholesterol populations in nAChR-rich membranes from Torpedo: an easily extractable fraction that influences the bulk fluidity of the membrane and a tightly bound receptor-associated fraction (Leibel, Firestone, Legler, Braswell, & Miller, 1987).

In this paper, an empirical comparison of DNBCs and standard HMMs was presented. DNBCs incorporate conditional independence among gesture features given the state into HMMs framework. DNBCs i) provide competitive error dispersion and recognition rates in various problems in gesture recognition, ii) require fewer parameters, iii) improve training time, and iv) permit structural learning and feature selection techniques to construct such dependences. In addition, we showed that a set of natural and simple posture and motion gestures allows us to correctly classify gestures. We also showed that classification performance of recognizers with these posture-motion data surpass motion- based ones. Also, an adaptive skin-color scheme to track the right hand of multiple people with different skin tones under different lighting conditions was described, and its implementation made available for other research groups. An extensive and comprehensive set of experiments was carried out with gestures taken from a single person, from multiple people, and with variations on distance and rotation. An additional product of this work is a freely accessible gesture database with more than 7000 samples of 9 gesture classes performed by 15 people. Our results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and that DNBCs are a suitable alternative that opens the way to important issues such as feature selection and on-line learning.

Although Rips (1994) included these properties in PSYCOP, an algorithm that illustrates the consistency of his natural logic theory of deductive reasoning, only a few experiments have been specifically conducted in relation to DeMorgan´s laws (Carriedo, Moreno, Gutiérrez & García Madruga, 1998; Rader & Sloutsky, 2001). The main findings have been collected for the case of disjunctive reasoning premises in syllogistic tasks. Several studies suggest that content and context are critical variables for the propositions included in the premises of a syllogism when different deductive tasks are presented (Martín & Valiña, 2002). It has also been noted that the inclusive and exclusive negations of a disjunction behave in different psychological manners (Rader & Sloutski, 2001). The inclusive interpretation, that is, p or q or both, was more frequent in abstract and concrete contexts rather than in threat or election contexts (Newstead, Griggs & Chrostowski, 1984). Richardson and Ormerod (1997) found that familiarity and causality in conditionals promote the reduction of logical errors in syllogistic tasks that include disjunctions. The same authors gave other significant suggestions for the present study in the context of the experimental paradigm of recognition. The tasks of this paradigm typically require the selection of the correct answer among a list of options. Such options are usually syllogism conclusions. Their evidence suggests that subjects do not spontaneously recognize the equivalence between a disjunction and a conditional that includes a negation in a premise (Richardson & Ormerod, 1997).

relationships gain consistency through gestures of availability, recognition and care, and that the reiteration of this committed presence is what consolidates trust, complicity and a space where one can expose oneself even when most vulnerable. Such bonds tend to not entail a search for complementarity or completeness, brought about by romantic ideals - but they are also not free from needs of acceptance and appreciation. What seems to maintain such relationships thus is the continuous affirmation of affection and solidarity through forms of accompaniment which are not free from tension or conflict, but that are sustained in time through reciprocal practices. In this sense, María Lugones writes that:

julio de 2010. Véase, por ejemplo, la reciente entrevista realizada al internacionalista Marcelo Kohen: “La Cour internationale de justice a dit qu’une déclaration unilatérale ne viole pas le droit international, car c’est une simple déclaration d’intention”. (“La Corte Internacional de Justicia ha dicho que una declaración unilateral no viola el derecho internacional, porque es una simple declaración de intención”). Kohen, Marcelo, “Pour le droit international, il ne s’est rien passé à Barcelone”, entrevista realizada por Simon Petite, en Le Temps, 27 de octubre de 2017, disponible en: https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2017/10/27/marcelo-kohen-droit-international-ne-sest-rien-passe-barcelone. Véase también, la conclusión del artículo de Elena Cirkovic: “Indeed, international law does not contain clear rules on how to respond to declarations of independence. The Court was not requested to provide an opinion on the principle of recognition by other states. Declarations of independence depend on the act of recognition by other states […]” (“De hecho, el derecho internacional no contiene normas claras sobre cómo responder a las declaraciones de independencia. No se pidió a la Corte que proporcionase una opinión respecto del principio de reconocimiento por parte de otros Estados. Las declaraciones de independencia dependen del acto de reconocimiento de otros Estados […]”). Cirkovic, “An Analysis of the ICJ Advisory Opinion…”, p. 912; véase asimismo, la conclusión a la cual llega Jure Vidmar: “Catalonia does not have a right to independence, and at the same time it is not doing anything illegal internationally when claiming or declaring independence. For better or worse, this is everything that the international law of statehood has to say on the matter. The rest is a political game”. (“Cataluña no tiene un derecho a la independencia, y al mismo tiempo no está no está haciendo nada internacionalmente ilegal al reivindicar o declarar la independencia. Para bien o para mal, esto es todo lo que el derecho internacional del statehood tiene que decir al respecto. Lo demás es un juego político”).Vidmar, Jure, “Catalonia: The Way Forward is Comparative Constitutional Rather than International Legal Argument”, en EJIL Talk, 24 de octubre de 2017, disponible en: https://www.ejiltalk.org/catalonia-the-way-forward-is-comparative-constitutional- rather-than-international-legal-argument/; y en Law Blogs Maastricht, Maastricht University, 25 de octubre de 2017, disponible en: https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/blog/2017/10/catalonia-way-forward-comparative-constitutional- rather-international-legal-argument [Consultada 10 de agosto de 2018].

All the time history matrices have the same dimension as before (100X300). The frequency is the principal variable that defines a simulated signal associated, in real piano notes, with a pitch. A signal is similar to another if they have similar fundamental frequency falling inside a certain interval of error. The resulting singular vectors of the decomposition will be the “reference” of the signal. They are the basis set of a new space where we will project other signals that we want to recognise. We search for similarities between the projected signal and the vectors of the basis set to recognise the notes present in the signal.

one is often tempted to refuse to give pre-political protest actions (such as riots or other forms of collective violence) any kind of legitimacy. however, it would be wrong to conclude that a feeling is always irrational when it is not rationally articulated, or that legitimacy depends only on universal rights and social justice, separate from individual motivations and psychological factors. the ethics of recognition can be used to elaborate a normative framework at the level of motivation for protest actions in order to describe its normative dynamic and its specific claims to validity. it can be used to show how various forms of the social denial of recognition can lead individuals to react in different ways and with different means against the social injustice they experience. furthermore, it can be seen that the motivational basis for political action (in the classical sense of the term) is not a positive representation of moral principles. rather, it comes from experiences of what is no longer bearable, i.e. feelings and practical reactions to peculiar social situations. Under these conditions, the theory of recognition helps to disclose the political content of some apparently pre-political protest actions. an analysis of the demand for “respect” in

However, it will not be always possible to infer the succession of facts and events from the study of the walls and the location of the materials. Correlation between materiality, placement of the object and the succession of historical events it is not immediate. It is often full of blackouts, empty spaces and falsifi cations, and its interpretation requires carrying out a meticulous investigation with all the historical techniques at our disposal. Historical study of the building must contribute with a rational explanation of the succession of constructive facts which, from the placement of the foundation stone on virgin ground, have been modelling the fi rst confi guration of our building until reaching the one it has nowadays. It is precisely at this point where the recognition of the stratifi ed character of historical architecture opens a very important parenthesis in the methodology and research techniques. Following an archeaological methodology, the stratigraphic study allows us to obtain a chronological sequence of the construction of a historical building. The most important consequence PRINCIPLE OF MATERIALS IMMOBILITY

After a journey of more than 20 years, the International Association of Educating Cities (IAEC) has grown, consolidating itself and diversifying its activities and services so as to strengthen the commitment of its members with the values of the Educating Cities Charter and to make it known to a greater number of cities. The IAEC is also a young organisation, open and dynamic and we would like to remain so. With the present plan we aim to search for a joint response to the new challenges and to make proposals for improvements that strengthen the education in the city for better coexistence and greater social cohesion and solidarity.

leave NY in four days, was docked. The fact that the buildings of the port looked abandoned and deserted is revealing, for it foregrounds the decline of industrial port jobs. The decline is simultaneous to another process, the economic boom of Wall Street in the 1980’s (Naimou 52). The experience of the crew on the Urus straddles both tendencies, for the stranded men stand at the end (or a continuation) of colonial histories but are caught in the intricacies of a ghost or spectral capitalism. Both tendencies are represented converge in the name of the ship. The newly named ship, the Urus, as the Captain/owner later reveals, is only conceivable under the changing conditions of neoliberal capitalism and its attending practices, such as the translocalized division of labor, national polities and economies increasingly porous and less sovereign; and the setting of many people in motion (Comaroff and Comaroff 25). At the same time, the name of the ship, “urus,” refers to an extinct large long-horned wild ox of Europe that is the ancestor of domestic cattle, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary. As the novel enfolds, the crew will reveal itself as the cattle, the Third World labor that has historically sustained commercial ventures from colonial times to the present. Moreover, the word “Urus,” newly painted on the prow (20), offers a visual and historical palimpsest of those past ventures. Significantly, the word Urus is also the “you are us” and the “UR-US,” an UR text (Silva Gruexz 67) that creates a repeated sense of history from slavery to the present. Anchored and stranded, the Urus will hardly move in space, but it does move in time, as it reckons back the specter of slavery, a specter that is always ready to come back. Berthed in the middle of desolation, the boat was immediately sized up by Bernardo as a “broken eggshell” (20), and so he tells Esteban. For the hopeful youngster, however, the pessimistic voice of the old man pertains to someone who is all too used “to everything going wrong” (21). On board they are greeted by the captain, the “primero oficial,” Mark (23), and his dog, Miracle. Captain Elias explains the lack of electricity on board because of an explosion when en route from New Brunswick, Canada. They would be delayed in port until some spare parts arrived from Japan. Bernardo was aghast at the explanation, and the image of the ship as a disastrous carcass gradually and painfully reveals itself.

In terms of hierarchical level: about half of the archives in Spanish universities have the category of “services”, whereas AUAH is kept as a plain “section”. The CAU's advice is that the archives must have the category of services as the best pattern to achieve enough authority, visibility and autonomy to develop their functions.

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