[PDF] Top 20 A manual for economic assessment of drinking water interventions

... example of the challenges that social cost-benefit analysis might face in the drinking-water field would be a factory employing local people while polluting their drinking-water ... See full document

... mode of action, then a simple additive approach is ...modes of action, but may differ in potency (i.e. the impact of similar concentrations/doses will ...effects of the mixture can be ... See full document

... means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps ... See full document

... Six detailed regional assessments have been done using FSSIM involving different farm types (e.g., arable and livestock), different scales (e.g., individual farm types, catchments and[r] ... See full document

... sources of electricity, and availability of technical and servicing support and replacement ...cost of replacement parts as well as consumable items such as calibration standards and batteries – must ... See full document

... level of risk is used for broad equivalence between the levels of protection afforded to toxic chemicals and those afforded to microbial ...pathogens. For these purposes, only the health ... See full document

... 飲料水には、緑膿菌、非結核性抗酸菌、アシネトバクター、アエロモナスおよびアスペルギルス など、様々な微生物が含まれていることがある。これらの微生物が、ヘルスケア施設の大半の患 者を含めて、一般集団による水の摂取を通して健康上問題となるという証拠はない。しかし、例え ば好中球数が500/µL以下の重度免疫不全症患者が、安全に摂取できるようにするためには、さ ら に 追 加 し て 処 理 す る こ と が 必 要 で あ る （ 関 連 ... See full document

... exergy of the production to be ...process of NaOH from the ecoinvent database, that is used for CExD, relates to a production mix consisting of electrolysis of NaCl by 55% mercury ... See full document

... facilities for menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is critically important for women’s health, safety and ...and water for washing the body as required, and access to safe and convenient ... See full document

... reviews of these early studies emphasized that these studies had a major ...values of DW parameters, such as total hardness, calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg), exposures were likely subject to ... See full document

... impact of plastic and microplastic pollution, public engagement and political commitment has ...number of plastics released into the environment are critical to the effort to minimize adverse impacts ... See full document

... advantage of using data from household income and expenditure surveys is the ability to link information about costs to household characteristics, including the household’s main source of drinking ... See full document

... Values for IMF did not differ between treatments (P > ...start of the water supplementation period (pre-scan at -56 d to 0 d, ...Supplementation of the drinking water ... See full document

... species of cyanobacteria and cell-bound cyanotoxins, particularly microcystins, and taste- and odour-causing compounds, depending on pH, coagulant type and ...release of cyanotoxins and taste- and ... See full document

... meeting of experts assembled by WHO in Rome in ...consequences of long-term consumption of water that had been “manufactured” or “modified” to add or delete ...consumption of ... See full document

... BANOBRAS PROGRAMS Drinking water, sewage and sanitation Infrastructure for communications and transportation Urban infrastructure Saving and efficient use of electric power New urban dev[r] ... See full document

... three-quarters of the surface of the Earth, however, the scarcity of fresh water is considered one of the most critical global problems to be ...one-fifth of the world population ... See full document

... In the first edition of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, published in 1984, a health-based guideline value of 0.0003 mg/litre was rec- ommended for 1, 1-dichloroethene[r] ... See full document

... years of replacing native forest by plantations of exotic species, a decline in runoff was observed along with an alteration of downstream water users (Iroumé and Palacios ...be of ... See full document

... calls for a substantial increase in the safe reuse of ...disposal of was- tewater and sludge are routinely collected in some re- gions to inform responses to water scarcity and pollu- ... See full document