Top PDF NORMAS DEL TRABAJO Y COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, UNA DISCUSION RECURRENTE

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the understandings and exercise of citizenship of subjects involved in the implementation of the GAM strategy in the macro-region of the 4th Regional Healthcare Coordination of Rio Grande do Sul. Its specific objectives are to describe the relations of knowledge and power around the psychiatric medications which the group of GAM activists is built upon, as well as to reflect on how abnormalities were introduced in the discourses of normality in the political exercise. Through a support participant observation, this study gathered managers, professionals, scholars and users in conversation circles to exchange experiences on GAM strategy. Both the meetings and the content of GAM user guide and moderator guide were analyzed based on the archeogenealogical perspective of Michel Foucault. The force field established by researchers considering the individuals’ freedom to constitute a critical subject of mental health was discussed in this study, as well as the awareness practices of listening and speaking in building user activism. It can be concluded that the exercise of citizenship in mental health involves stating the psychiatric vulnerability of the subject and problematizing the principles of normality by introducing the abnormality in this discursive field.

Abstract This paper aims at proposing validat- ed principles to underpin clinical management as a means to transform healthcare for integrat- ed healthcare systems. The starting point was the conception of clinical management based on structuring elements that do not separate man- agement, care and education. The authors’ pro- posal was submitted to specialists so that a con- sensus could be reached. At the end of the process, the following principles of clinical management were presented: (1) Focus on health needs and comprehensive care, (2) Quality and safety in healthcare, (3) Articulation and legitimation of different health practices and types of knowledge to face health problems, (4) Power sharing and co-accountability among managers, health profes- sionals and citizens in healthcare production; (5) Education of people and organizations; (6) Focus on outcomes that add value to health and life; (7) Transparency and accountability regarding col- lective interests. It is concluded that the principles of clinical management express connections that shed new light on management, healthcare, and education in integrated healthcare systems, re- quiring critical awareness in relation to the simul- taneity of “permanence” and change in practices. Key words Clinical management, Delivery of healthcare, Health systems, Health management Roberto de Queiroz Padilha 1

it is probable that the high prevalence of frail individuals (28.8%) has an association with the high indices observed for high blood pressure, CCI and DM. The literature emphasizes that in- flammatory diseases such as high blood pressure, CRI, cardiovascular diseases and DM are asso- ciated with the development of the frailty syn- drome in the elderly person, by the mechanism of activation of the proinflammatory pathways in the organism over the long term. Release of the biomarkers Interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive Protein (CRP) in the organism influences met- abolic and homeostatic dysregulation, causing a predisposition to frailty 28 .

partner violence from the gender symmetry and asymmetry concepts. Seventy-nine papers were selected for analysis, and most were published in the 2006-2014 period (78.5%). The fields of journals that addressed the subject were psycho- logy (32.9%) followed by public health (27.9%) and nursing (27.6%). Of the researchers, 46.8% work with the feminist theoretical line discourse, whose gender approach is asymmetrical. They mostly produce qualitative research with a sample consisting of women only (81.1%), and 78.3% collected data from violence victims’ support ser- vices. When looking at the characteristics of the studies conducted by researchers from the theore- tical line of family sociologists who advocate gen- der symmetry (25.3%), qualitative and quantita- tive approaches were used in similar proportions. Bidirectional violence was identified in 80% of this research. We noted a strong leadership of the feminist theoretical line, which was identified in the discourses of the researchers. We stress the re- levance of the discussion of the data with different theoretical frameworks, since analysis in isolation, regardless of the field, runs the risk of being biased and thus weaken the results.

Abstract This study aims to analyze intimate partner violence from the gender symmetry and asymmetry concepts. Seventy-nine papers were selected for analysis, and most were published in the 2006-2014 period (78.5%). The fields of journals that addressed the subject were psycho- logy (32.9%) followed by public health (27.9%) and nursing (27.6%). Of the researchers, 46.8% work with the feminist theoretical line discourse, whose gender approach is asymmetrical. They mostly produce qualitative research with a sample consisting of women only (81.1%), and 78.3% collected data from violence victims’ support ser- vices. When looking at the characteristics of the studies conducted by researchers from the theore- tical line of family sociologists who advocate gen- der symmetry (25.3%), qualitative and quantita- tive approaches were used in similar proportions. Bidirectional violence was identified in 80% of this research. We noted a strong leadership of the feminist theoretical line, which was identified in the discourses of the researchers. We stress the re- levance of the discussion of the data with different theoretical frameworks, since analysis in isolation, regardless of the field, runs the risk of being biased and thus weaken the results.

Abstract This paper aims to understand how and to what extent interdisciplinary teams sup- porting public schools in the Brazilian and Por- tuguese context characterize and develop violence prevention actions. The research was carried out from an exploratory study through interviews with 24 professionals and later, a thematic ana- lysis was done. The results indicate that preven- tion is always pointed out as a possibility in the Portuguese Program; in the Brazilian program, in addition to prevention-oriented discourses, limits regarding the realization of preventive activities in schools are also mentioned. In the locations in- vestigated, flagged prevention actions are shown incipiently when compared to actions advocated by the WHO and the Pan American Health Orga- nization. It is argued that a more strategic vision of the Ministry of Education and the Education Secretariats could contribute to avoid the sole accountability of schools concerning prevention of violence and thus enhance the decline of this phenomenon and favor its effects in the long term. Key words School, Prevention, Violence, Pro- gram

Abstract This paper aims at proposing validat- ed principles to underpin clinical management as a means to transform healthcare for integrat- ed healthcare systems. The starting point was the conception of clinical management based on structuring elements that do not separate man- agement, care and education. The authors’ pro- posal was submitted to specialists so that a con- sensus could be reached. At the end of the process, the following principles of clinical management were presented: (1) Focus on health needs and comprehensive care, (2) Quality and safety in healthcare, (3) Articulation and legitimation of different health practices and types of knowledge to face health problems, (4) Power sharing and co-accountability among managers, health profes- sionals and citizens in healthcare production; (5) Education of people and organizations; (6) Focus on outcomes that add value to health and life; (7) Transparency and accountability regarding col- lective interests. It is concluded that the principles of clinical management express connections that shed new light on management, healthcare, and education in integrated healthcare systems, re- quiring critical awareness in relation to the simul- taneity of “permanence” and change in practices. Key words Clinical management, Delivery of healthcare, Health systems, Health management Roberto de Queiroz Padilha 1

What motivates the theory-based conception is the old idea of the ‘unity of science’ in which all theories will eventually be reduced to physics forming a complete unified science of everything, able to derive all scientific laws from one ‘ever more adequate grand scheme’. Science’s continuous change is presented as evidence for the implausibility of the so-called unity of science. even within the physical sciences we have an amazing diversity of theoretical entities, properties and facts which require different methods of investigation. It is, therefore, quite implausible to think of unified science that integrates both astrophysics and genetics. Maybe this requirement of a unified language of science may be weakened so as to accommodate part of what we are looking for. But the main issue remains, that is the dilemma concerning the kind of physics presupposed in the attempted theory-based characterization of physicalism. Hempel objects that any theory-based definition of physicalism will be either trivially true or false. is it present-day physics that holds this authoritative role? Or is it a future, complete physics? We know that current physics is subject to continuous change, since there is always the possibility of making progress by discovering new physical properties. If ‘physical property’ is defined by present-day physics, then properties discovered only by future physics would be, by definition, non-physical. So physicalism would be false. If we have in mind a future, complete physics, that is, a physical theory that explains everything, then genuine mental properties may have to be included in this final physics, making physicalism trivial. In sum, the first horn of the dilemma says that if physicalism is defined through present-day physics, then it is false. The second horn of the dilemma says that if physicalism is defined through future physics, then it is trivially true. Hence there is no possibility of coming up with a clear concept of physical that relies solely on the authoritative role of physical sciences. thus, an adequate and non-trivial question of physicalism cannot even be formulated given the theory-based conception.

tives about abortion experiences available in an online community to discuss the methods and strategies to which women resort, facing the legal impossibility of voluntarily interrupting a pre- gnancy and the effects of the criminalization of induced abortion. The methodology used was vir- tual ethnography, observing the platform Women on Web, collection and analysis of 18 narratives publicly available without restrictions, selected between November 2016 and January 2017. The narratives report mixed methods to perform an abortion, with widespread use of Cytotec. Some cases include hospitals and medical clinics in the paths, whether to conduct examinations or attend to intercurrences. The internet appears as a po- pular tool to gather information, negotiate and even purchase abortive drugs, as well as a plat- form to share experiences. We concluded that the narratives point to insecurities, risks, and violence to which women are submitted in clandestine set- ting; they show the relevance of debate on decri- minalizing abortion in Brazil, and also reinforce the existence of a shared abortion culture, as stated in other studies.

female drivers tend to perceive themselves and to be perceived by men as prudent, attentive and cautious, with a tendency to obey traffic rules, practicing a more defensive direction, with a greater vision of danger and causing fewer ac- cidents. On the other hand, they are also seen as slow, insecure and dangerous drivers. Men see themselves and are seen by women as reck- less and aggressive at the wheel: they jump the queues, they make risky maneuvers, they brake at the last minute. However, they are identified as safer and more determined. Authors affirm that these perceptions reflect a patriarchal society that encourages men not to respect the rules of traffic to assert themselves as machos, imposing them- selves by virility.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the narra- tives about abortion experiences available in an online community to discuss the methods and strategies to which women resort, facing the legal impossibility of voluntarily interrupting a pre- gnancy and the effects of the criminalization of induced abortion. The methodology used was vir- tual ethnography, observing the platform Women on Web, collection and analysis of 18 narratives publicly available without restrictions, selected between November 2016 and January 2017. The narratives report mixed methods to perform an abortion, with widespread use of Cytotec. Some cases include hospitals and medical clinics in the paths, whether to conduct examinations or attend to intercurrences. The internet appears as a po- pular tool to gather information, negotiate and even purchase abortive drugs, as well as a plat- form to share experiences. We concluded that the narratives point to insecurities, risks, and violence to which women are submitted in clandestine set- ting; they show the relevance of debate on decri- minalizing abortion in Brazil, and also reinforce the existence of a shared abortion culture, as stated in other studies.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the main characteristics of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) mortality in Brazil for the period 1996-2015, focusing on the 10-29 years’ age group. This is a two-step study consisting of (i) a bibliographic re- view on the topic of traffic violence in Brazil, and (ii) a study on RTA mortality in the Mortality Information System (SIM). The former situates the state of the art of scientific production on the theme and produces the theoretical reference for the analysis of the latter. During the period, about 39,000 people died by RTA, of which about 13,200 adolescents and young people died. The coun- try should curb mortality to somewhere around 19,500/year and, among adolescents and young people, to 6,500/year to achieve SDG 3.6. With the establishment of the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB), RTA mortality rate fell between 1997 and 2000. The rate increased in the subsequent decade. The focus on adolescents and young peo- ple help us understand that, in the post-CTB and Prohibition, male black and brown motorcyclists became the main victims. The literature provides data analysis and shows that reduction is cur- rently submitted to an articulated discussion that involves worker’s health, gender, employment, ur- ban mobility and advertising policies. Concerning SDG, this means that achieving SDG 3.6 is a pro- cess that involves interacting with policies target- ing other SDGs.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the impact of frailty, multimorbidity and disability on the survival of elderly people attended in a geriatric outpatient facility, and identify the clinical risk factors associated with death. It is a longitudinal study, with 133 elderly people initially evaluated in relation to frailty, multimorbidity (simulta- neous presence of three or more chronic diseases) and disability in Daily Life Activities. The Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze survival time, and the Cox regression was used for association of the clinical factors with death. In follow-up over six years, 21.2% of the participants died, survival being lowest among those who were fragile (p < 0.05). The variables frailty (HR = 2.26; CI95%: 1.03–4.93) and Chronic Renal Insufficiency (HR = 3.00; CI95%: 1.20–7.47) were the factors of highest risk for death in the multivariate analy- sis. Frailty had a negative effect on the survival of these patients, but no statistically significant association was found in relation to multimor- bidity or disability. Tracking of vulnerabilities in the outpatient geriatric service is important, due to the significant number of elderly people with geriatric syndromes that use this type of service, and the taking of decisions on directions for care of these individuals.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the process of medicalization in current societies, starting from the description of the way in which medi- cine gradually appropriated various aspects of everyday life that were once part of the life cycle of people. At the theoretical level, we are based on authors such as Descola and Latour, who prob- lematize the dichotomy between Nature and Cul- ture, and propose the need to think from a supe- rior episteme. Methodologically, this theoretical proposal enables an analysis of the medicalization that can illuminate what is hidden in the dis- course and biomedical practices: the sociocultural, political and economic processes that are part of these “objects” of Medicine. From this perspective, the presentation of them as scientific facts, objec- tively isolatable and manipulable by medical sci- ence, is in crisis. Thus, our analysis, based on the concept of “quasi-objects” or “hybrids”, problema- tizes such objectification, while providing critical tools to reflect on the medicalization of life in to- day’s societies.

The increased requirements on supervision, control, and performance in modern power systems make power quality monitoring a required practice for utilities. Power Quality is related to a set of parameters about disturbances in voltage and current with goals of monitoring, mitigating, regulating. It makes possible the distribution of electricity to end users according to accepted requirements for normal operation of the electrical distribution system and characteristics of voltage (magnitude, frequency, symmetry, waveform etc.). Some electronic devices, such as microprocessors, micro- controllers, sensitive computerized equipment etc., use ground as the reference for all their internal operations and connect throughout the plant. This makes them susceptible to ground differences and to power quality problems. Power disturbances compromise product quality, increase downtime, and reduce customer satisfaction. By knowing the amount of harmonics, transient impulses and noise distortion in the system, it is possible to take appropriate actions to reduce the harmful effects [1], [2].

Abstract The scope of this paper was to assess the temporal and geographical trends of diarrhea and its implications on the demands of hospitaliza- tions of children under five years of age in the state of Pernambuco in 1997 and 2006. Databases of two population-based surveys were assessed with probabilistic samples of 2078 children (1997) and 1650 children (2006) evaluated in 18 municipal- ities of Pernambuco, including the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Urban Interior and Rural Interi- or. Prevalence was considered to involve the occur- rence of cases on the day or in the two weeks prior to the interview and as admissions, service cases with minimal hospital stay of 24 hours in the pe- riod, covering up to one year before the interview. The prevalence of diarrhea in Pernambuco had a statistically non-significant decline (19.8% to 18.1%; p = 0.192). However, a statistically-sig- nificant reduction was observed (16.9% to 10.5%; p = 0.003) in the Metropolitan Region of Reci- fe. The number of admissions increased by more than double (2.7% to 5.5% in the State and from 1.6% to 3.8% within the Metropolitan Region of Recife), in contrast with national trends. There- fore, diarrhea in the State appears as the main component of the demands of pediatric hospital- izations during the period under scrutiny. Key words Diarrhea, Prevalence, Hospitaliza- tion and child health

Table 5 shows that, for men, being 40 years old or more led to a higher prevalence ratio for heavy drinking than among those 39 years old or less (PR 1.84). Having lost the crop due to hail (PR 1.63), selling the tobacco to scammers (PR 2.10), being a smoker (PR 1.92), delimbing trees (PR 2.53), and having chronic lumbar pain (PR 2.10) were positively associated with the out- come. Those who took part in religious activi- ties had a 70% lower prevalence ratio for heavy drinking. Working more than 12 hours a day during harvest lost significance in the adjusted analysis.

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prev- alence and violence-associated factors in the work environment of female correctional officers in Brazil. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 15 female correctional facilities in Brazil’s five regions. Pearson’s chi-square test was performed. The Odds Ratio and Confidence In- tervals were estimated for factors that showed a significant association or were confounding fac- tors. The prevalence of having experienced at least one violent occurrence during professional duty as an officer was 28.4%. An interesting factor is fact that agents themselves are identified as the main suspects of robbery (74.6%), moral violence (68.1%) and sexual harassment (66.8%) against their co-workers. Working in more than one cor- rectional facility increased the chance of suffering from violence (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.51 – 6.9). The main associated factors are: working in temporary detention centers, age of admission to the prison system and low social support among co-workers. Violence in the Brazilian prison environment is of great magnitude and considered a complex phe- nomenon with multiple causes. To combat this, it is necessary to adopt intersectoral actions, capa- ble of intervening both in the prison environment and in society.

Abstract: This study aims to trace the historical context of how did the cooperative cataloging, prominent jobs that forwarded the cataloging for the cooperative use, the difficulties and also the adjustments that the concept has undergone throughout its existence. We intend to show the advantages and disadvantages of their use by the institutions and the way professionals has been working in practice its potential.

a percentage increase of 137% in the hospital- ization rates. These findings may be attributed to easier access to hospitals and a greater will- ingness on the part of the parents to seek these health care services. A third hypothesis is less acceptable, namely as a trend, cases of diarrhea are becoming less frequent, but far more serious. However, there is no empirical evidence in this respect in scientific studies, in technical reports or in the lay press. On the other hand, explaining this as being due to a greater demand and access to hospitals, gains greater consistency when one considers that, in all the areas of the State survey, there was a considerable increase in the general hospitalization rates for children due to all caus- es, which translates into a well-defined trend in relation to pediatric diseases, which is far more accentuated in cases of diarrhea.