Surname: ______________________________ First name: __________________________
Telephone number: ___________________ Best time to contact: _________________________
E-mail: _______________________________
Sex: Male Female
Year of birth: ___________________
Place of birth: City ____________________ Country ___________________________________
If you were not born in South Africa, how long have you been living here? __________________
How would you rate your immediate family‘s socio-economic status on grounds of your parents‘ income? Please circle the appropriate word.
122 B. First language (mother tongue) and English as a second language
1. What is your first language? __________________________________________________
2. What is the first language of your mother? _____________
3. What is the first language of your father? _____________
4. Which language(s) did you speak at home as a child? _____________________________
5. What language did your primary caretaker (e.g. mother, grandmother, older sibling or playschool / crèche teacher) speak when interacting with you?
_____________________________
6. What is the dominant language(s) spoken in the community that you grew up in? _____________________________
7. What language(s) do you currently use when communicating with family members? _____________________________
8. What language do you use most frequently in your current place of residence (e.g. university residence, flat, student house, family home, etc.)?
_____________________________
9. At what age did you receive your first significant exposure to English (not counting the English heard in the media)? ___________________________________
10. In what context was this, e.g. at school, at a good friend‘s house, etc.? ___________________________________
123 C. Education and Language Use
1. What language(s) were used as the medium of instruction in the schools that you attended? Please also indicate the name of the schools and its location (city and country).
Languages Location
Playschool / Crèche / Preprimary School
Primary /
Elementary School
Secondary / High School
2. Which language(s) do you use:
At home
In social situations At university
When studying by yourself At your place of employment (if any)
At religious gatherings (if applicable)
124
3. Please rate your linguistic ability in English and any other languages that you know (other than your first language). Use the following abbreviations:
L = low
I = intermediate
A = advanced
NN = near native (i.e. good enough to be easily mistaken for a first language speaker of English)
Skill English _____________ _____________
Reading Writing Speaking
Understanding what you hear (listening) Overall competence
125 APPENDIX 4
Interview schedule
Participants are to be asked the following questions as part of an informal, semi- structured interview that will be tape-recorded for purposes of analysis:
1. Where did you grow up / go to school? 2. What course are you studying?
3. What are your subjects?
4. What are your first impressions of your various subjects? 5. What career do you see yourself in?
6. Do you think you made the right choice in terms of course and subjects?
7. If you were to find that you made the wrong decision in regards to your subjects or course in general, what would you do?
8. If you were to successfully complete your course, would you prefer to do a postgraduate course or immediately start earning money in the ―real world‖? 9. Did you take a gap year?
10. If so, where did you go and what did you do?
11. If not, would you like to take a gap year upon completion of your studies?
12. Would you prefer to go to London, which was a very popular choice until a couple of years ago, or to the Far East, which is becoming increasingly popular?
13. Do you stay in res?
14. If so, what are your first impressions of res life? 15. How have you been experiencing initiation? 16. If you do not stay in res, where do you stay?
17. How are you experiencing your first weeks away from home? 18. Have you made many friends yet?
19. How have been you experiencing your first couple of weeks as a Matie? 20. What do you think of RAG week?
21. Did you go to Vensters?
22. Did you go to the yearly Party oppie Braak?
126 The following questions are to be asked at the end of the interview and will not inform the current study, but possibly serve as data for a future study with a stronger
sociolinguistic approach:
1. Do you consider yourself to be ―English‖ or ―isiXhosa‖? 2. Are you equally confident and comfortable in both languages?
3. Do you perceive your isiXhosa identity or heritage as threatened by English? 4. What do you think are the advantages of being able to speak English and isiXhosa?
127 APPENDIX 5
A list of all of the non-native features found in the participants’ free speech
Please note the following coding conventions used in the transcription of the sound files: • The word or larger speech segment in which the non-native feature or error lies, is
underlined.
• If a word or phrase was omitted in the original conversation, it is indicated between *s in the relevant position, e.g. *that*.
• If only part of a sentence is quoted, the preceding and / or following omitted part of the sentence is substituted by an ellipsis in square brackets, i.e. [...].
• Unintelligible speech segments are indicated by a question mark placed in brackets, i.e. (?). A guess at what such a segment might have been is also indicated between brackets, followed by a question mark, e.g. (speaking to?). • If a word or a part of a word was unnecessarily repeated more than once, the
multiple utterances are joined by a hyphen, e.g. it-it.
• If a multi-word utterance was unnecessarily repeated more than once, the multiple utterances are separated by commas, e.g. then they will, they will, like, notice me. • If a speaker’s speech trailed off, it is indicated by an ellipsis, i.e. …
• A false start is separated from the following reformulation by an ellipsis, followed by a comma, i.e. …, .
• If a speaker was interrupted mid-utterance, it is indicated by a dash, i.e. - .
• If a quoted segment of a conversation involves utterances by both the participant and the researcher, the participant number (i.e. the abbreviated pseudonym of the participant) is listed first, followed by the participant number or the initials of the researcher, depending on who spoke first in the quoted segment of conversation, e.g.
X4: X4: I think it’s also probably specific to our province because *of* Xhosa and English and Afrikaans being the...
128 • If a segment of speech quoted below contains more than one type of non-native feature or error, only the non-native feature or error of the type currently under discussion is underlined, or in the case of an omission, indicated with an underscore. The other non-native feature(s) or error(s) are indicated in the relevant section(s).
• For purposes of anonymity, all person, place and institution names have been replaced with pseudonyms. The researcher’s name has been replaced by her initials, i.e. AP.