4 Conceptos básicos de los PLC de la forma más sencilla
4.3 Áreas de memoria, direccionamiento y tipos de datos
When trying to determine a character's stroke order, the first thing that should be done is to identify the character's structure. Once the structure has been identified, we can then begin to determine the character's stroke order. Referring back to the section entitled Character Structure 字的结构, we can apply the Stroke
Order Rules to every type of character structure in that section. As you read through the following examples, observe how the stroke order of each character conforms to the Stroke Order Rules. Notice how you begin to get a feeling and comprehension for the way in which the strokes of a character are arranged into a particular stroke order.
the character as well as the stroke's Chinese and English name. The total "Stroke count" for each character is also given. If the character contains more than one component, each component (for simplicity, referred to in these examples as "pieces") will be shown separately (when possible for it to be entered via keyboard) along with it's accompanying stroke order and stroke count.
Independent Character Structure 独体字的结构:
Of all the structures, the Independent Character structure is the simplest in construction. Unlike the Compound-Component structures, it is not divided into pieces and the inside character is comprised of just one component.
Examples:
书shu1 - Stroke order: top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, lower 横折钩 heng2zhe2gou1 Horizontal Bend Hook, center 竖钩shu4 Vertical, last is the 点dian3 Dot Total Stroke Count: 4
也ye3 - Stroke order: center 横折钩heng2zhe2gou1 Horizontal Bend Hook, center 竖shu4 Vertical, last is the 竖弯钩 shu4wan1gou1 Vertical Curve Hook Total Stroke Count: 3
电dian4 - Stroke order: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, center 横 heng2 Horizontal, bottom 横 heng2 Horizontal, last is the 竖弯钩 shu4wan1gou1 Vertical Curve Hook
Total Stroke Count: 5
Compound-Component Character Structures 合体字的结构:
1. The Left-Right Structures 左右结构
These structures are divided vertically into two pieces, a left and a right. The left piece should be written first, the right piece should be written last. There are five kinds of Left-Right Structures 左右结构.
a. Left-small Right-large 左窄右宽
In this structure, the left piece is smaller than the right piece.
Examples:
你ni3 - Stroke order: Left piece 亻: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, center 竖shu4 Vertical Stroke Count: 2
Right piece 尔: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, top 横钩 heng2gou1 Horizontal Hook, Bend Hook, center 竖钩shu4gou1 Vertical Hook, lower-left 左点zuo3dian3 Left-Falling Dot, last is the lower-right 长点 chang2dian3 Long Dot
Stroke Count: 5 Total Stroke Count: 7
汉han4 - Stroke order: Left piece 氵: top 点dian3 Dot, middle 点dian3 Dot, bottom 提ti2 Lift Stroke Count: 3
Right piece 又: left 横撇heng2pie3 Horizontal Left-Falling, last is the right 捺na4 Right-Falling
Stroke Count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 5
的de - Stroke order: Left piece 白: top 点dian3 Dot, left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2
Horizontal Stroke Count: 5
Right piece 勺: left-top 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 横折钩 heng2zhe2gou1 Horizontal Bend Hook, last is the 点dian3 Dot
Stroke Count: 3 Total Stroke Count: 8
b. Equal left and right 左右相等
In this structure, the left piece and the right piece are equal in size.
Examples:
以yi3 - Stroke order: Left piece: left 竖提shu4ti2 Vertical Lift, middle 点dian3 Dot Stroke Count: 2
Right piece: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, last is the lower-right 长点 chang2dian3 Long Dot
Stroke Count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 4
c. Left-large Right-small 左宽右窄
In this structure, the left piece is larger than the right piece.
Examples:
外wai4 - Stroke order: Left piece 夕: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 横撇heng2pie3 Horizontal Left- Falling, last is the center 点dian3 Dot
Stroke Count: 3
Right piece 卜: left 竖shu4 Vertical, last is the right 点dian3 Dot Stroke Count: 2
Total Stroke Count: 5
刻ke4 - Stroke order: Left piece: top 点dian3 Dot, top 横heng Horizontal, middle 撇折pie3zhe2 Left-Falling Bend, middle-lower 撇pie3 Left-Falling, left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, last is the lower-right 长点 chang2dian3 Long Dot Stroke Count: 6
Right piece 刂 : left 竖shu4 Vertical, last is the right 竖钩shu4gou1 Vertical Hook
Stroke Count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 8
d. Left-large Right-up and down 左边和右上右下
In this structure, the left side contains one piece and the right side is divided equally into a top and bottom piece.
Examples:
够gou4 - Stroke order: Left piece 句: top 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 横折钩 heng2zhe2gou1 Horizontal Bend Hook, center (3 strokes): left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折 heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, bottom 横 heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 5
Right-upper piece 夕: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 横撇heng2pie3 Horizontal Left-Falling, last is the center 点dian3 Dot
Right-lower piece 夕: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 横撇heng2pie3
Horizontal Left-Falling, last is the center 点dian3 Dot
Stroke Count: 3 Total Stroke Count: 11
d. Left-up and down Right-large 左上左下和右边
In this structure, the right side contains one piece and the left side is divided equally into a top and bottom piece.
Examples:
都dou1 - Stroke order: Left-upper piece: top 横heng2 Horizontal, center 竖shu4 Vertical, bottom 横heng2 Horizontal, last is bottom 撇pie3 Left-Falling Stroke Count: 4
Left-lower piece 日: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2
Horizontal Bend, center 横heng2 Horizontal, bottom 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 4
Right piece 阝: right 横撇弯钩heng2pie3wan1gou1 Horizontal Left-Falling Curve Hook, last is 竖shu4 Vertical
Stroke Count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 10
2. The Top-Bottom Structures 上下结构
These structures are divided horizontally into two pieces, a top and a bottom. The top piece should be written first, the bottom piece should be written last. There are five kinds of Top-Bottom Structures 上下结 构:
a. Top-short Bottom-long 上短下长:
In this structure, the top piece is shorter(smaller) than the bottom piece.
Examples:
字zi4 - Stroke order: Top piece 宀: top 点dian3 Dot, left 左点zuo3dian3 Left-Falling Dot, right 横钩heng2gou1 Horizontal Hook
Stroke Count: 3
Bottom piece 子: top 横钩heng2gou1 Horizontal Hook, center 竖钩 shu4gou1 Vertical Hook, last is the center 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 3 Total Stroke Count: 6
写xie3 - Stroke order: Top piece 冖: left 左点zuo3dian3 Left-Falling Dot, right 横钩heng2gou1 Horizontal Hook
Stroke Count: 2
Bottom piece 与: top 横heng2 Horizontal, middle 竖折折钩
shu4zhe2zhe2gou1 Vertical Bend Bend Hook, last is the center 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 3 Total Stroke Count: 5
b. Equal top and bottom 上下相等:
Examples:
是shi4 - Stroke order: Top piece 曰: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, center 横heng2 Horizontal, last is the bottom 横 heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 4
Bottom piece 疋: top 横heng2 Horizontal, middle 竖shu4 Vertical, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, left-bottom 撇pie3 Left-Falling, last is the 捺na4 Right-Falling
Stroke Count: 5 Total Stroke Count: 9
c. Top-long Bottom-short 上长下短
In this structure, the top piece is longer (bigger) than the bottom piece.
Examples:
点dian3 - Stroke order: Top piece 占: top 竖shu4 Vertical, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, left 竖 shu4 Vertical, middle 横折 heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, bottom 横 heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 5
Bottom piece 灬: left 左点zuo3dian3 Left-Falling Dot, middle 点dian3 Dot, middle 点dian3 Dot, 长点chang2dian3 Long Dot Stroke Count: 4
Total Stroke Count: 9
息xi1 - Stroke order: Top piece 自: top 点dian3 Dot, left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2
Horizontal Bend, center 横heng2 Horizontal, center-bottom 横 heng2 Horizontal, bottom 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 6
Bottom piece 心: left 左点zuo3dian3 Left-Falling Dot, middle 卧钩wo2gou1 Lying Hook, middle 点dian3 Dot, right 点dian3 Dot Stroke Count: 4
Total Stroke Count: 10
d. Top-two Bottom-large 左上右上和下边
In this structure, the bottom contains one piece and the top is divided equally into a left and right piece.
些xie1 - Stroke order: Top-left piece 止: right 竖shu4 Vertical, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, left 竖 shu4 Vertical, last is bottom 提ti2 Vertical Lift
Stroke Count: 4
Top-right piece 匕 : right 左点zuo3dian3 Left-Falling Dot , last is the 竖弯钩shu4wan1gou1 Vertical Curve Hook Stroke Count: 2
Bottom piece 二: top 横heng2 Horizontal, bottom 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke Count: 2
Total Stroke Count: 8
e. Top-large Bottom-two 上边和左下右下:
In this structure, the top contains one piece and the bottom is divided equally into a left and right piece.
最zui4 - Stroke order: Top piece 曰: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, center 横heng2 Horizontal, last is the bottom 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke Count: 4
Bottom-left piece 耳: top 横heng2 Horizontal, left 竖shu4 Vertical, right 竖 shu4 Vertical, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, middle 横 heng2 Horizontal, last is bottom 提ti2 Vertical Lift Stroke Count: 6
Bottom-left piece 又: left 横撇heng2pie3 Horizontal Left-Falling, last is the right 捺na4 Right-Falling
Stroke Count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 12
3. The Two-side Enclosure Structures 两面包围结构
These structures are divided diagonally into two pieces, a top and a bottom which gives the appearance that there is an "inside" portion/piece of the character being enclosed on two sides by an enclosing
"outside" portion/piece of the character. The rules for which piece should be written first will depend on the type of structure you are dealing with and are explained below for each respective structure. There are 3 kinds of Two-side Enclosure Structures:
a. Upper-left enclosure 左上包围结构
In this structure, the enclosing piece is in the upper-left part of the structure and should be written first. The enclosed piece is in the lower-right part of the structure and should be written last. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 6a.
Examples:
厅ting1 - Stroke order: Upper-left piece 厂: top 横heng2 Horizontal, right 撇pie3 Left-Falling Stroke count: 2
Lower-right piece 丁: top 横heng2 Horizontal, center 竖钩shu4gou1 Vertical Hook
Stroke count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 4
应ying1 - Stroke order: Upper-left piece 广: top 点dian3 Dot, top 横heng2 Horizontal, last is the right 撇pie3 Left-Falling
Stroke count: 3
Lower-right piece: left 长点chang2dian3 Long Dot, middle 长点
chang2dian3 Long Dot, right 左点zuo3dian3 Left- Falling Dot, last is the bottom 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke count: 4
Total Stroke Count: 7
b. Upper-right enclosure 右上包围结构
In this structure, the enclosing piece is in the upper-right part of the structure and should be written first. The enclosed piece is in the lower-left part of the structure and should be written last. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 6a.
Examples:
习xi2 - Stroke order: Upper-right piece : top 横折钩heng2zhe2gou1 Horizontal Bend Hook Stroke count: 1
Lower-left piece: top 点dian3 Dot, bottom 提ti2 Vertical Lift Stroke count: 2
Total Stroke Count: 3
可ke3 - Stroke order: Upper-right piece : top 横heng2 Horizontal, 竖钩shu4gou1 Vertical Hook Stroke count: 2
Lower-left piece 口: left 竖shu4 Vertical, middle 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, last is bottom 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke count: 3 Total Stroke Count: 5
c. Lower-left enclosure 左下包围结构
In this structure, the enclosed piece is in the upper-right part of the structure and should be written first. The enclosing piece is in the lower-left part of the structure and should be written last. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 6b.
Examples:
这zhe4 - Stroke order: Upper-right piece 文: top 点dian3 Dot, top 横heng2 Horizontal, left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, last is right 捺na4 Right-Falling Stroke count: 4
Lower-left piece 辶: top 点dian3 Dot, middle 横折折折heng2zhe2zhe2zhe2 Horizontal Bend Bend Bend, last is bottom 平捺 ping2na4 Flattened Right-Falling
Stroke count: 3 Total Stroke Count: 7
建jian4 - Stroke order: Upper-right piece: top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, closing bottom 横heng2 Horizontal, lower- bottom 横heng2 Horizontal, most-bottom 横heng2 Horizontal, last is the 竖 shu4 Vertical Curve Hook Stroke count: 6
Lower-left piece 廴: left 横折折撇heng2zhe2zhe2pie3 Horizontal Bend Bend Left-Falling, last is bottom 平捺ping2na4 Flattened Right-Falling
Stroke count: 2 Total Stroke Count: 8
4. The Three-side Enclosure Structures 三面包围结构
These structures are divided horizontally/vertically into two pieces. The outer/enclosing piece surrounds the inner/enclosed piece on three sides. The rules for which piece should be written first will depend on the type of structure you are dealing with and are explained below for each respective structure. There are 3 kinds of Three-side Enclosure Structures:
a. Left-top-right enclosure 左上右包围结构
In this structure, the enclosing piece is in the upper part of the structure and should be written first, the enclosed piece is in the lower part of the structure and should be written last. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 6a.
Examples:
风feng1 - Stroke order: Upper piece 几: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, top 横弯钩heng2wan1gou1 Horizontal Curve Hook
Stroke count: 2
Lower piece 乂: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 捺na4 Right-Falling Stroke count: 2
Total Stroke Count: 4
同tong2 - Stroke order: Upper piece 冂: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折钩heng2zhe2gou1 Horizontal Bend Hook
Stroke count: 2
Lower piece: top 横heng2 Horizontal, left 竖shu4 Vertical, middle 横折 heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, last is bottom 横heng2 Horizontal
Stroke count: 4 Total Stroke Count: 6
b. Top-left-bottom enclosure 上左下包围结构
In this structure, the enclosing piece surrounds the enclosed piece on the top, left and bottom sides. The top enclosing piece should be written first, then the enclosed piece and last the left and bottom enclosing piece. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 6c.
Examples:
医yi1 - Stroke order: Upper enclosing piece 一: top 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke count: 1
Middle enclosed piece: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, top 横heng2 Horizontal, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, last is right 捺na4 Right-Falling
Stroke count: 5
Lower enclosing piece ∟: 竖折shu4zhe2 Vertical Bend Stroke count: 1
Total Stroke Count: 7
区qu1 - Stroke order: Upper enclosing piece 一: top 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke count: 1
Middle enclosed piece 乂: left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 捺na4 Right-Falling Stroke count: 2
Lower enclosing piece ∟: 竖折shu4zhe2 Vertical Bend Stroke count: 1
Total Stroke Count: 4
c. Left-bottom-right enclosure 左下右包围结构
In this structure, the enclosed piece is in the top part of the structure and should be written first. The enclosing piece is in the bottom part of the structure and should be written last. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 6b.
Examples:
画hua4 - Stroke order: Upper piece: top 横heng2 Horizontal, inner 田 has 5 strokes: inner-left 竖 shu4 Vertical, inner-top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend, inner-middle 横heng2 Horizontal, inner-middle 竖shu4 Vertical, last is the inner-bottom 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke count: 6
Lower piece 凵: bottom 竖折shu4zhe2 Vertical Bend, right 竖shu4 Vertical Stroke count: 2
Total Stroke Count: 8
5. The Complete Enclosure Structures全包围结构
outer piece completely surrounds the inner piece on four sides. The left, top and right side of the outer surrounding piece are written first, then the inner piece, then last the bottom outer surrounding piece. The stroke order is dictated by Stroke Order Rule 5. There are 2 kinds of Complete Enclosure Structures:
a. Four-side enclosure with internal independent component 四面包围内部呈独体结构 In this structure, the enclosed piece is composed of just one component.
Examples:
因yin1 - Stroke order: 3-side enclosure 冂: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend
Stroke count: 2
Enclosed piece 大: center 横heng2 Horizontal, left 撇pie3 Left-Falling, right 捺 na4 Right-Falling
Stroke count: 3
Bottom enclosure 一: bottom 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke count: 1
Total Stroke Count: 6
国guo2 - Stroke order: 3-side enclosure 冂: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal Bend
Stroke count: 2
Enclosed piece 玉: top 横heng2 Horizontal, middle 横heng2 Horizontal, center 竖shu4 Vertical, bottom 横heng2 Horizontal, last is bottom-right 点dian3 Dot
Stroke count: 5
Bottom enclosure 一: bottom 横heng2 Horizontal Stroke count: 1
Total Stroke Count: 8
b. Four-side enclosure with internal upper and lower component 四面包围内部呈上下结构 In this structure, the enclosed piece is composed of two components.
Examples:
圆yuan2 - Stroke order: 3-side enclosure 冂: left 竖shu4 Vertical, top 横折heng2zhe2 Horizontal