CAPITULO 2: MARCO TEÓRICO
2.3 Bases teóricas
2.3.2 Éxito comercial
Through this thesis, I assert that undocumented Latina migrants face systemic oppression in the United States in a unique way, due to the intersectionality of their identities as women, undocumented, and Latina. Because of this oppression, women face exclusion from American social institutions including healthcare and education, and are extremely limited in which types of labor in which they can engage. My research is of paramount importance because the
patriarchal forces of their oppression “tear at the fabric of US society,” since they exclude an entire demographic from participating fully in American society and culture (Lopez et al. 2016: 4). The oppression of undocumented Latina migrants represents a massive social cost to
American society as a whole. Yet I assert that migrant women resist this oppression by pushing against the barriers they face in the United States, and accessing social institutions despite their oppression. I found that women utilized community organizations as a means to resist their oppression, and future research should consider what aspects of such organizations are most functional as tools for women to access their own power and agency. In addition, further
research should be devoted to studying the activist movements within these organizations such as that I witnessed within Hope CommUnity Center, in order to assess how American immigration policy should be changed to reduce the oppression of undocumented Latina migrants. During the formulation of this thesis, activists at Hope, Mi Familia Vota, and FWAF campaigned for a “Clean DREAM Act” which would provide a pathway for undocumented immigrants to legalize their immigration status. Through my research, I found that the undocumented status itself is a powerful force of oppression and a huge barrier between migrant women and social institutions. With that finding, I assert that American immigration policies should move toward creating
opportunities for undocumented migrants to legalize their status, and specifically address the intersectional identity of undocumented Latina migrants, because of the specific and interrelated oppressive structures which only these individuals face. As Kimberlé Crenshaw asserted in her seminal work on intersectionality, this paradigm is necessary to address the specific interlocking systems of oppression faced by certain demographics. My research demonstrates that
undocumented Latina migrants in the United States are just such a demographic. In conclusion, I call for immigration policies which address this oppression and increase Latina migrants’ ability to legalize their status, and so enter equally into American society with the dignity inherently deserved by all human beings.
REFERENCES American Immigration Council
The Dream Act, DACA, and Other Policies Designed to Protect Dreamers. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/dream-act-daca-and-other- policies-designed-protect-dreamers.
Armenta, Amada
2017 Chapter: Who Polices Immigration? Book: The Rise of Policing as Immigration Enforcement.
Blackwell, Maylei
2015 Geographies of Difference: Transborder Organizing and Indigenous Women’s Activism. Social Justice 42(3-4):137-154.
Boston University Human Resources
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). https://www.bu.edu/hr/policies/federal- and-state-laws/immigration-reform-and-control-act-irca/
Castañeda, Heide and Milena Andrea Melo
2014 Health Care Access for Latino Mixed-Status Families: Barriers, Strategies, and Implications for Reform. American Behavioral Scientist 58(14)1891-1901. DOI: 10.1177/0002764214550290 accessed February 20, 2018
Chishti, Muzaffar with Faye Hipsman and Isabel Ball
2015 Fifty Years On, the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act Continues to Reshape the United States. Migration Policy Institute. h
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/fifty-years-1965-immigration-and-nationality- act-continues-reshape-united-states.
Coleman, Mat.
2008 Power and space in the colonial present. Political Geography 27:339-370.
Cornell Legal Information Institute
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/illegal_immigration_reform_and_immigration_responsi bility_act
Cranford, Cynthia J
2012 Gendered Projects of Solidarity: Workplace Organizing among Immigrant Women and Men. Gender, Work and Organization 19(2):142-164. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0
432.2011.00585.x accessed March 20, 2018 Das Gupta, Monisha
New York. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 33(3):532-537. http://jstor.org/stable/10.1086/523823 accessed March 28, 2018
De Haas, Hein
2010 Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective. The International
Migration Review 44(1):227-264. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20681751 accessed March 5, 2018
DeSipio, Louis
2011 A Return to a National Origin Preference? Mexican Immigration and the Principles Guiding U.S. Immigration Policy. Perspectives on Politics 9(3)567-569. http://jstor.org/stable/41622820 accessed February 20, 2018
Doering-White, John with Pilar Horner, Laura Sanders, Ramiro Martinez, William Lopez, and Jorge Delva
2014 Testimonial Engagement: Undocumented Latina Mothers Navigating a Gendered Deportation Regime. Journal of International Migration and Integration 17(2):325-340. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-014-0408-7 accessed March 29, 2018 Dreby, Joanna
2006 Honor and Virtue: Mexican Parenting in the Transnational Context. Gender and Society 20(1)32-59. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27640865 accessed February 13, 2018
2007 Children and Power in Mexican Transnational Families. Journal of Marriage and Family 69(4):1050-1064. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4622507 accessed February 13, 2018
Espinoza, Rebeca with Isela Martínez, Matthew Levin, Alicia Rodriguez, Teresa Chan, Shira Goldenbert, and María Luisa Zúñiga
2013 Cultural Perceptions and Negotiations Surrounding Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Migrant and Non-migrant Indigenous Mexican women from Yucatán, Mexico. Journal of Immigrant Minority Health 13:356-364. DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9 904-7 accessed February 20, 2018
Fernández, Lilia
2010 Review: Deconstructing Immigrant Discourse. Journal of American Ethnic History 30(1):107.
Gannett News Service.
1993 Latinas Fighting Tradition That Expects Them to be Subservient. Gannett News Service.
Goldring, Luin
2001 The Gender and Geography of Citizenship in Mexico-U.S. Transnational Spaces. Identities Global Studies in Culture and Power 7(4):501-537. DOI: 1
Gomberg-Muñoz, Ruth
2017 Becoming Legal: Immigration Law and Mixed-Status Families. Oxford University Press.
Hernández, Raúl Diego Rivera
2017 Making Absence Visible: The Caravan of Central American Mothers in Search of Disappeared Migrants. Latin American Perspectives 44(5):108-126. DOI: 1
0.1177/0094582X17706905 accessed March 20, 2018 Herrera, Giocanda
2013 Gender and International Migration: Contributions and Cross-Fertilizations. Annual Review of Sociology 39:471-489. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145446 accessed January 24, 2018
History
U.S. Immigration Since 1965. https://www.history.com/topics/us-immigration-since- 1965.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette
1992 Overcoming Patriarchal Constraints: The Reconstruction of Gender Relations Among Mexican Immigrant Women and Men. Gender & Society 6(3)393-415 Horton, Sarah B
2016 Ghost Workers: The Implications of Governing Immigration Through Crime for Migrant Workplaces. Anthropology of Work Review 37(1)11-23.
Ted Talk
2016 Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality.
https://www.ted.com/talks/kimberle_crenshaw_the_urgency_of_intersectionality. Kline, Nolan
2017 Pathogenic Policy: Immigrant Policing, Fear, and Parallel Medical Systems in the US South. Medical Anthropology 36(4):396-410. DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2016.1259621 accessed January 20, 2018
2013 “There’s Nowhere I Can Go to Get Help, and I Have Tooth Pain Right Now”: The Oral Health Syndemic Among Migrant Farmworkers in Florida. Annals of
Anthropological Practice 36(2)387-401.
2017 Life, Death, and Dialysis: Medical Repatriation and Liminal Life among Undocumented Kidney Failure Patients in the US. Political and Legal Anthropology Review (Forthcoming).
2017 “It’s Too Risky to Leave the House:” Immigrant Policing and Health-Related Mobility.
Lopez, William D. with Daniel J. Kruger, Jorge Delva, Mikel Llanes, Charo Ledón, Adreanne Waller, Melanie Harner, Ramiro Martinez, Laura Sanders, Margaret Harner, and Barbara Israel
2016 Health Implications of an Immigration Raid: Findings from a Latino Community in the Midwestern United States. Journal of Immigrant Minority Health 19:702-708. DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0390-6 accessed February 20, 2018
Mukherjee, Sahana with Ludwin E. Molina and Glenn Adams
2013 “Reasonable Suspicion” About Tough Immigration Legislation: Enforcing Laws or Ethnocentric Exclusion? Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 19 (3):320-331. DOI: 10.1037/a0032944 accessed May 1, 2018
National Public Radio, Morning Edition
2017 Fear of Deportation Spurs 4 Women to Drop Domestic Abuse Cases in Denver. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
National Statistics. https://ncadv.org/statistics
National Economic and Social Rights Initiative
What is the Human Right to Health and Health Care? https://www.nesri.org/programs/what- is-the-human-right-to-health-and-health-care
National Farmworker Ministry
Labor Laws. http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/labor-laws/ Novak, Nicole L. with Arline T. Geronimus and Aresha M. Martinez-Cardoso
2018 Change in birth outcomes among infants born to Latina mothers after a major immigration raid. International Journal of Epidemiology 839-849. DOI: 1
0.1093/ije/dyw346 accessed February 20, 2018
Neumann, Inga D. with Alexa H. Veenema and Daniela I. Beiderbeck
2010 Aggression and Anxiety: Social Context and Neurobiological Links. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 4(12). DOI: 10.3389fnbeh.2010.00012 accessed March 29, 2018
Pessar, Patricia R. and Sarah J. Mahler
2003 Transnational Migration: Bringing Gender In. The International Migration Review 37(3):812-846.
Pew Research Center
2014 Religion in Latin America: Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region. http://www.pewforum.org/2014/11/13/religion-in-latin-america/
Rhodes, Scott D. with Amanda Tanner, Stacy Duck, Robert E. Aronson, Jorge Alonzo, Manuel Garcia, Aimee M. Wilkin, Rebecca Cashman, Aaron T. Vissman, Cindy Miller, Karen Kroeger, and Michelle J. Naughton
United States: An Exploratory Qualitative Community-Based Participatory Research Study.
Salcido, Olivia and Cecilia Menjívar
2012 Gendered Paths to Legal Citizenship: The Case of Latin-American Immigrants in Phoenix, Arizona. Law & Society Review 46(2):335-368.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/23252279 accessed February 13, 2018. Seelye, Katharine Q. and Bidgood, Jess
2017 ‘Don’t Open the Door’: How Fear of an Immigration Raid Gripped a City. New York Times.
Silvey, Rachel.
2006 Geographies of Gender and Migration: Spatializing Social Difference. The International Migration Review 40(1):64-81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27645579 accessed March 21, 2018
Sinke, Suzanne M.
2006 Gender and Migration: Historical Perspectives. The International Migration Review 40(1)82-103. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27645580 accessed March 21, 2018 Speed, Shannon.
2006 At the Crossroads of Human Rights and Anthropology: Toward a Critically Engaged Activist Research. American Anthropologist 108(1):66-76.
Sullivan, Richard and Kimi Lee
2008 Organizing Immigrant Women in America’s Sweatshops: Lessons from the Los Angeles Garment Worker Center. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 33(3):527-532. http://jstor.org/stable/10.1086/523823 accessed March 28, 2018 Tanfani, Joseph
2017 In January, President Trump vowed to hire 5,000 new Border Patrol agents. It never happened. LA Times.
https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/dream-act-daca-and-other- policies-designed-protect-dreamers
UCLA Labor Center
The Bracero Program. https://www.labor.ucla.edu/what-we-do/labor-studies/research- tools/the-bracero-program/.
Waslin, Michele
2011 Remembering the Benefits of IRCA, 25 Years Later. American Immigration Council: Immigration Impact. http://immigrationimpact.com/2011/11/07/remembering- he-benefits-of-irca-25-years-later/
Weiner, Jeff
2017 Orlando draws ire of immigration activists over Trust Act. Orlando Sentinel. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/politics/political-pulse/os-orlando-sanctuary-cities- activists-20171114-story.html
Willen, Sarah S. with Jessica Mulligan and Heide Castañeda
2011 Take a Stand Commentary: How Can Medical Anthropologists Contribute to Contemporary Conversations on “Illegal” Im/migration and Health?. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 25(3)331-356. DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1387.2011.01164.x accessed January 21, 2018
Zavella, Patricia
2016 Contesting Structural Vulnerability through Reproductive Justice Activism with Latina Immigrants in California. North American Dialogue 19(1):36-45 DOI: