COMPLICACIONES PERIAPICALES
ABSCESO DENTOALVEOLAR CRÓNICO
When the foregoing conditions of placing on the market are fulfilled, the entity (manufacturer, importer, etc.) placing the equipment on the market can transfer the equipment for the purpose of further distribution and sale.
Placing on the market is a business activity to sell the already
marketable equipment.
An important rule is that as long as such marketer fails to name the entity placing the given equipment on the market, it is such marketer who shall both be regarded as the entity placing it on the market and assume the manufacturer‟s liability. So the marketer should procure, for its own sake, the equipment from a reliable source.
Appendix 3
Putting into service and use of wireless access equipment
The equipment commercially procured shall be put into service in compliance with the manufacturer‟s instruction for use and operation. It is forbidden to boost the power of any conformity certified equipment with an amplifier located either within the equipment or connected to it. In particular, no other antenna than the one specified, installed (integrated) or delivered along with the apparatus, may be used, since an antenna of higher gain may exceed the permissible radiation power.
The afore-mentioned unauthorised interventions and alterations may entail sanctioning and, in more serious cases, termination of equipment use – since they are qualified as unlicensed use by reason of intentional deviation from the conditions permitted by law. Anyone performing alterations or upgrades resulting in changes in the essential requirements (including but not limited to the use of antennas with higher gain or final amplifiers) shall be regarded a manufacturer who shall assume any and all liabilities! It means that the operator shall, among other things, conduct a new conformity certification procedure based on the new parameters of the modified equipment. This procedure, however, will fail if the parameters of a station exceed the essential technical parameters in any respect.
Important: Only radio equipment that fulfils the requirements for
placing on the market set forth in a separate law may be kept in operation; furthermore, radio equipment may only be kept in operation in the same condition as it was placed on the market. (see Article 11 of Decree 6/2004. (IV.13.) IHM).
Appendix 4
Market surveillance
In view of the seamless and successful operation of the electronic communications market, the protection of the interests of those performing electronic communications activity as well as of users, the promotion of fair and efficient market competition, and the implementation of the other objectives of the Act on Communications, the authority shall by exercising its official power carry out market surveillance as part of its official surveillance activity [see Article 67 (1) of the Eht.]. When a complaint is made, the National Communications Authority promptly investigates the case.
Should any violation of law be established in the course of a market surveillance procedure, the authority shall apply sanctions proportionate to the violation of law, following the principle of progressiveness [see Article 68 (1) of the Eht.].
In the course of its market surveillance activity, the authority shall exercise the powers listed in Articles 31 and 32 of the Eht. Should any violation of law be established, the authority may impose sanctions and penalties as specified in Articles 68 and 33 of the Eht., respectively.
In the framework of its radio controlling activity, the National Communications Authority is authorized to:
– technically monitor and explore the traffic of the radio stations, and – capture the technical data of radio transmissions.
The use of radio access devices is, for the most part, exempted from individual licensing obligation. Adherence to the technical parameters is an important means in preventing a given equipment from causing interference to other equipment. The National Communications Authority lays great emphasis on such type of controls in the course of its market surveillance activity.
These controls cover the audit of the legality of services, with special regard to the following factors:
– existence of network agreements,
– notification of the commencement of services,
– operation in compliance with the General Contract Conditions,
– methods applied by the service provider for testing the quality parameters undertaken in the General Contract Conditions,
Appendix 5
Recommendation for the limitated use of wireless access systems in the 5.6 GHz band
Three meteorological radars are operating in the 5600 – 5650 MHz band, as parts of the European weather forecast radar system. The operation of these radars is essential for Hungarian meteorology and for natural disaster prevention (in particular, flood prevention). In terms of interference, these radars have higher priority than broadband access devices. Any interference to the radars is strictly forbidden! Even unintentional disturbances resulting from the faulty operation of access devices is impermissible. Service providers and equipment operators shall ensure that the meteorological radars are protected from any interference caused by the given equipment.
The DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) circuit is a compulsory component of the broadband RLAN and WWAN devices operated in the 5.6 GHz (5470 – 5725 MHz) band and is designed to automatically divert (in case of correct functioning) any broadband device from the frequencies used by radars in operation. Experience shows, however, that insufficient operations are frequent and radars are consequently exposed to interferences.
Undisturbed operation can be guaranteed by preventing any RLAN and WWAN device from operating in the 5600 to 5650 MHz band in the environment of radar locations. This can be achieved by ensuring proper software control of the base stations.
It is desirable to effect band limitation within a circle of about 30 km radius around radar locations.
The radar locations and the recommended limitation areas are shown below:
1. Meteorological radar station, Budapest, District 18, Gilice tér 39 Coordinates of location: 47º 25‟ 46‟‟
19º 10‟ 54‟‟
Exclusion of the use of the 5600 to 5650 MHz band is recommended within the city limits (incl. downtown areas and outer locations) of the following towns/villages:
a) the entire territory of Budapest b) in Pest County:
Alsónémedi, Biatorbágy, Budakalász, Budakeszi, Bugyi, Csévharaszt, Csömör, Dabas, Dány, Délegyháza, Dunaharaszti, Dunakeszi, Dunavarsány, Ecser, Erdőkertes, Érd, Fót, Gomba, Göd, Gödöllő, Gyál, Gyömrő, Halásztelek, Inárcs, Isaszeg, Kerepes, Kiskunlacháza, Kistarcsa, Kóka, Maglód, Mende, Mogyoród, Monor, Nagykovácsi, Nagytarcsa, Ócsa, Páty, Pécel, Péteri, Pilisborosjenő, Pomáz, Solymár, Sóskút, Százhalombatta, Szentendre, Szigetcsép, Szigethalom, Szigetszentmiklós, Szigetújfalú, Taksony, Tápiósáp, Tököl, Törökbálint, Újhartyán, Uri, Üllő, Üröm, Valkó, Vasad, Vecsés, Veresegyház.
2. Meteorological radar station, Napkor.
Coordinates of location: 47º 57‟ 44‟‟ 21º 53‟ 12‟‟
Exclusion of the use of the 5600 to 5650 MHz band is recommended within the city limits (incl. downtown areas and outer locations) of the following towns/villages:
a) in Hajdú-Bihar County:
Hajdúdorog, Hajdúhadház, Nyíradony, Téglás. b) in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County:
Apagy, Baktalórántháza, Balkány, Besenyőd, Beszterec, Biri, Bököny, Buj, Demecser, Encsencs, Érpatak, Gégény, Geszteréd, Gyulaháza, Hodász, Ibrány, Jármi, Kállósemjén, Kálmánháza, Kántorjánosi, Kék, Kemecse, Kisléta, Kótaj, Laskod, Levelek, Magy, Máriapócs, Nagycserkesz, Nagyhalász, Nagykálló, Napkor, Nyírbátor, Nyírbogát, Nyírbogdány, Nyírcsászári, Nyírderzs, Nyíregyháza, Nyírgelse, Nyírgyulaj, Nyíribrony, Nyírjákó, Nyírkarász, Nyírkáta, Nyírkércs, Nyírmada, Nyírmedgyes, Nyírmihálydi, Nyírpazony, Nyírpilis, Nyírtass, Nyírtelek, Nyírtét, Nyírtura, Nyírvasvári, Ófehértó, Őr, Páhonya, Papos, Paszab, Petneháza, Piricse, Pócspetri, Ramocsaháza, Rohod, Sényő, Szakoly, Székely, Tiszabercel, Tiszarád, Tiszatelek, Újdombrád, Újfehértó, Vaja, Vasmegyer.
3. Meteorológiai radar station, within the city limits of Pogányvár, Dióskál.
Coordinates of location: 46º 39‟ 37‟‟ 17º 03‟ 45‟‟
Exclusion of the use of the 5600 to 5650 MHz band is recommended within the city limits (incl. downtown areas and outer locations) of the following towns/villages:
a) in Somogy County:
Balatonberény, Balatonkeresztúr, Balatonszentgyörgy, Balatonújlak, Csákány, Fönyed, Hollád, Kéthely, Marcali, Nagyszakácsi, Nemesvid, Sávoly, Szegerdő, Somogysámson, Somogysimonyi, Somogyzsitfa, Szökedencs, Tikos, Vörs.
b) in Veszprém County:
Balatonederics, Lesencefalu, Nemesvita. c) in Zala County:
Alibánfa, Almásháza, Alsónemesapáti, Alsópáhok, Alsórajk, Babosdöbréte, Bak, Baktüttös, Balatongyörök, Balatonmagyaród, Bánokszentgyörgy, Barlahida, Bázakerettye, Bezeréd, Bocfölde, Bocska, Bókaháza, Borsfa, Börzönce, Bucsuszentlászló, Bucsuta, Csapi, Csatár, Cserszegtomaj, Csertelakos, Csonkahegyhát, Dióskál, Egeraracsa, Eszteregnye, Esztergályhorváti, Felsőpáhok, Felsőrajk, Fűzvölgy, Galambok, Garabonc, Gellénháza, Gelse, Gelsesziget, Gétye, Gombosszeg, Gutorfölde, Gyenesdiás, Gyürüs, Hahót, Hévíz, Homokkomárom, Hosszúvölgy, Iborfia, Kacorlak, Kallósd, Karmacs, Kehidakustány, Kemendollár, Kerecseny, Keszthely, Kilimán, Kisbucsa, Kisrécse, Kissziget, Lickóvadamos, Ligetfalva, Magyarszentmiklós, Miháld, Mikekarácsonyfa, Milejszeg, Misefa, Nagybakónak, Nagykanizsa, Nagykapornak, Nagylengyel, Nagyrada, Nagyrécse, Nemesapáti, Nemeshetés, Nemesrádó, Nemessándorháza, Nemesszentandrás, Nova, Oltárc, Orbányosfa, Ormándlak, Orosztony, Ortaháza, Pacsa, Padár, Pálfiszeg, Pat, Pethőhenye, Petrikeresztúr, Pölöske, Pölöskefő, Pördefölde, Pötréte, Pusztaederics, Pusztamagyaród, Pusztaszentlászló, Rezi, Sand, Sárhida, Sármellék, Sénye, Sormás, Söjtör, Szentgyörgyvár, Szentkozmadombja, Szentliszló, Szentpéterfölde, Szentpéterúr, Teskánd, Tilaj, Tófej, Újudvar, Valkonya, Vállus, Várfölde, Várvölgy,
Vindornyalak, Vindornyaszőlős, Vonyarcvashegy, Vöckönd, Zalaapáti, Zalacsány, Zalaegerszeg, Zalaigrice, Zalakaros, Zalakomár, Zalaköveskút, Zalamerenye, Zalasárszeg, Zalaszabar, Zalaszántó, Zalaszentbalázs, Zalaszentiván, Zalaszentjakab, Zalaszentlászló, Zalaszentmárton, Zalaszentmihály, Zalatárnok, Zalaújlak, Zalavár, Zebecke.
Appendix 6
Denominations of broadband wireless access systems
The data transmission systems of broadband wireless access are named in many different ways. The various denominations, however, do not necessarily entail clear distinguishing. The situation is even more complex, since formal and commercial terminology often differs from each other and in colloquial language the different ranges of applications are frequently combined. The following is a list of the most often used denominations without an intention to provide an exact terminological identification. Sometimes we do not apply an exact definition because its use would exclude radio applications which are classified by the commercial denomination into this category.
The typical denominations are reviewed in alphabetical order. Since some items can be derived from other ones, definitions are frequently explained with reference to the etymological origin or, in certain cases, to a descendant term that can be deduced from this point.
Bluetooth
A typical solution of the WPAN (see there) according to standard IEEE 802.15.
FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)
A point-to-multipoint system where each terminal equipment is simultaneously an end-user equipment where the radio communication comes to an end.
HiperMAN (High Performance Radio MAN)
A standard developed by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) for WMAN (see there). A WiMAX (see there) can also be established on the basis of the HiperMAN standard (Figure 6).
LAN (Local Area Network)
A telecommunication network ensuring joint operation of computers installed near each other.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A computer network, whose area of coverage can be compared with that of a metropolis.
ORLAN (Outer RLAN)
An RLAN (see there), which provides a telecom connection through the propagation of outer radio waves, outside a building. RLAN and ORLAN are frequently regarded the same.
RLAN (Radio LAN)
A wireless version of the LAN system (see there). Typical distance of transmission: 150 m or less.
WAN (Wireless Access Network)
An access network that provides large area (typically nationwide) mobility. It includes mobile radio telephone systems and the IEEE 802.16e standard, which is an upgrade currently in process of a background standard for WiMAX (see there).
Typical coverage: it has a nationwide range as a result of the possibility of roaming.
The WPAN – RLAN – WMAN – WAN hierarchy is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7
Hierarchy of broadband radio access systems
WAS (Wireless Access System)
A wireless connection with the end-user terminal. WAS is the most general category of wireless access systems. All special radio access systems can be derived from WAS.
WiFi (Wireless Fidelity)
It is the trade name of an RLAN (see there) which is compliant to the IEEE 802.11 standard and operates in the 2.4 GHz band (2400 – 2483.5 MHz). The RLANs compliant to the IEEE 802.11 standard which operate in the 5 GHz band (5150 – 5350 MHz & 5470 – 5725 MHz) are also often called WiFi.
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
A WMAN (see there) that meets the requirements of a so-called WiMAX interoperability profile and obtained a certificate issued by a laboratory designated by the international organisation „WiMAX Forum‟.
Therefore, those WMAN equipment are regarded WiMAX that simultaneously satisfy all of the above conditions:
– meet the provisions of all options of the IEEE 802.16 standard, – have a WiMAX profile,
– have a WiMAX certificate obtained from a laboratory designated by „WiMAX Forum‟,
– are listed by „WiMAX Forum‟ as certified WiMAX equipment. The list of WiMAX equipment is available at:
http://www.wimaxforum.org/certification/productreg
The equipment meeting the IEEE 801.16d, IEEE 801.16-2004, and IEEE 802.18e standards are capable of meeting the WiMAX profile specifications (Figure 6). Also the ETSI HiperMAN standard (see there) offers an option that enables meeting the WiMAX requirements.
WiMAX Profile
A collection of supplementary properties a WMAN system must have to meet the technical conditions needed to qualify for a WiMAX certificate. The parameters of a WiMAX Profile are specified by the international organization WiMAX Forum.
WLAN (Wireless LAN)
WLAN is the frequently used commercial name of RLAN (see there). WLAN and RLAN are fully identical.
WMAN (Wireless MAN)
A wireless version of the MAN system (see there). WMAN implementation standards:
– IEEE 802.16 and
– ETSI HiperMAN (see there)
Both standards have sub-cases which do not fulfil the requirements for WiMAX Profile (e.g. IEEE 802.16a) and some which do (Figure 8). Typical distance of transmission: 50 km or less.
Figure 8
WMAN and WiMAX
WPAN (Wireless Personal Access Network)
Short-range transmission connection between personal devices. Typical distance of transmission: 10 m or less.
Typical standard: IEEE 802.15.
Appendix 7
Technical, procedural and organisational abbreviations
Appendix 7 provides a list of explanations of some technical, procedural and organisational abbreviations found in this Information Paper. The abbreviations of broadband access systems are explained in Appendix 6.
DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection)
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence Division Multiplex Access)
An access system whose operation is based on DSSS (see there).
EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power)
Computed quantity which cannot be measured directly. It is equal to the product of the total radiated antenna power multiplied by the antenna gain.
FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)
Bidirectional connection for simultaneous and continuous two-way transmission. The directions are distinguished by assigning different frequency band to each of them.
FH-CDMA (Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiplex Access)
An access system whose operation is based on FHSS (see there).
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications)
A collective term for telecommunications systems classified by RA (see there) in this category (e.g. UMTS (see there) and WiMAX). The IMT category was formerly called IMT-2000.
MA (Multiplex Access)
A signal processing method exclusively applied to p-mp systems. The radiation emitted by the central (base) station provides signals simultaneously to both the activated terminal stations assigned to this base station and the relay stations, if there is any. Each activated station selects its own signals from the composite signals.
In case of terminal – central station transmission, the activated stations radiate signals to the central (base) station. The central (base) station generates a composite signal from the individual ones, which incorporates all signal components in a distinguishable form.
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access)
An access system whose operation is based on OFDM (see there).
pfd (Power flux density)
p-mp (Point-to-multipoint system)
A network structure consisting of a central (base) station, terminal (user) stations as well as relay stations (if any). All terminal stations are connected to the same (central) station, either directly or via relay stations. The minimum number of (activated) terminals and relay stations operating simultaneously may not be less than two.
The harmonized standards specifying the operational parameters include multiplex access (MA, see there) in the conceptual range (terminology) of the p-mp.
Remark: the term ‘central station’ is used in connection with Fixed Wireless Systems while the term ‘base station’ is normally used in connection with mobile wireless systems.
p-p (Point-to-point link)
Transmission between a transmitter and a receiver station being exclusively in wireless connection with each other in the framework of fixed location service.
RA (Radio Assembly)
The highest decision-making body of the International Telecommunications Union‟s Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) in the period between two World Radiocommunication Conferences.
TDD (Time Division Duplex)
Bidirectional connection in the very same frequency band. The transmission corresponding to the two directions is separated in time. Signal transmission is implemented only in one direction during a given period, and it is followed in the next time interval by a transmission in the opposite direction.
TDD is especially suitable for the packet switched transmission of signals.
TPC (Transmit Power Control)
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
A standard system of third-generation cellular mobile communications (also) used in Europe.
WAPECS (Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communications
Systems)
A method for establishing terrestrial wireless access systems of flexible use. Main elements of the WAPECS principle:
– Technological neutrality, – Service neutrality,
– Public, open, transparent granting of licenses via competition, – Secondary spectrum trading.
Appendix 8
International documents on technical regulation
The discussed technical regulation is fully identical with the general regulation within the European Union. The following European regulatory documents shall be regarded relevant:
2005/513/EC Commission Decision on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of wireless access systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs).
2006/771/EC Commission Decision on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices. 2007/90/EC Commission Decision amending Decision
2005/513/EC on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs)
2008/411/EC Commission Decision on the harmonisation of the 3400 - 3800 MHz frequency band for terrestrial systems capable of providing electronic communications services in the Community.
2008/432/EC Commission Decision amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices
ERC/DEC/(01)07 ERC Decision of 12 March 2001 on harmonized frequencies, technical characteristics and exemption from individual licensing of Short Range Devices used for Radio Local Area Networks (RLANs) operating in the frequency band 2400 - 2483.5 MHz.
ECC/DEC/(04)08 ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the harmonized use of the 5 GHz frequency bands for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs).
ERC/REC/70-03 Use of Short Range Devices (SRD). Annex 3 Broadband data transmission systems. (November 2005)
ERC/REC 14-03 Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements and block allocations for low and medium capacity systems in the band 3400 MHz to 3600 MHz
MSZ EN 300 328-2 Broadband Transmission Systems.
Data transmission equipment operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques, Part 2;
Harmonized European standard covering essential requirements under Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive.
MSZ EN 301 753 Fixed Radio Systems.
Multi-point equipment and antennas.
Generic harmonized standard for multi-point digital fixed radio systems and antennas covering essential requirements under Article 3.2 of Directive 1999/5/EC.
MSZ EN 301 893 Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN).
5 GHz high performance RLAN. Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive.
EN 302 326-2 Fixed Radio Systems.
Multi-point equipment and antennas.
Part 2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive, for Digital Multi-point Radio Equipment.
EN 302326-3 Fixed Radio Systems.
Multi-point equipment and antennas.
Part 3: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for Multi-point Radio Antennas.
The foregoing technical regulatory documents shall be applied on a mandatory basis within the scope and authority specified thereby, under Decree No. 35/2004. (XII.28.) IHM on establishing the rules for the utilization of frequency bands.
Appendix 9
Relevant statutory provisions in force
The following list includes the relevant statutory provisions in force on the date of publication of this Information Paper.
1. Acts
Act C of 2003 on Electronic Communications.
2. Government Decrees
Government Decree No. 180/2004. (V.26.) Korm. on the order of cooperation by and between organizations fulfilling electronic communications tasks and organizations empowered to gathering intelligence information and applying methods for the covert acquisition of data.
Government Decree No. 346/2004. (XII.22.) Korm. on the establishment of the national allocation of frequency bands