INJURY AND INFLAMMATION
PRETEST PRETEST
1.
1. Which of tWhich of the follohe following are truwing are true about cell Ie about cell Injury?njury?
A.
A. Hypothyroidism and scurvy cause delayed woundHypothyroidism and scurvy cause delayed wound healing.
healing.
B.
B. Ultraviolet light promotes healing.Ultraviolet light promotes healing.
C.
C. Cerebral cortex and myocardium can regenerate after Cerebral cortex and myocardium can regenerate after injury.
injury.
D.
D. Fibrinoid necrosis occurs in TB.Fibrinoid necrosis occurs in TB.
E.
E. Enzymatic lysis of adipose tissue causes fat necrosis.Enzymatic lysis of adipose tissue causes fat necrosis.
2.
2. Which Which of the of the follofollowing awing are true?re true?
A.
A. The myofibroblastic differentiation of fibroblast causesThe myofibroblastic differentiation of fibroblast causes contraction of granulation tissue.
contraction of granulation tissue.
B.
B. Endarteritis obliterans and leukemia can be caused byEndarteritis obliterans and leukemia can be caused by radiation exposure for a long time.
radiation exposure for a long time.
C.
C. Apoptosis Apoptosis is is pathological pathological event.event.
D. phagocytosis of particulate matter in acute inflammation.
phagocytosis of particulate matter in acute inflammation.
B.
B. Lymphocytes and plasma cells contribute in chromicLymphocytes and plasma cells contribute in chromic inflammation.
inflammation.
C.
C. In vascular phase of inflammatory response, neutrophilsIn vascular phase of inflammatory response, neutrophils and monocytes move towards periphery of and monocytes move towards periphery of microcircula-tory vessels a process called pavementing.
tory vessels a process called pavementing.
D.
D. TT-lymphocytes produce antib-lymphocytes produce antibodies.odies.
E.
E. Transudate is noninflammatory fluid with few cellular Transudate is noninflammatory fluid with few cellular elements.
elements.
4.
4. Which Which of the of the follofollowing awing are true?re true?
A.
A. Unidirectional movement of Unidirectional movement of leukocytes towards leukocytes towards a a stimu- stimu-lus is called diapedesis.
lus is called diapedesis.
B.
B. Macrophages are found in glomeruli.Macrophages are found in glomeruli.
C.
C. Hepatocytes have greater regenerative capacity thanHepatocytes have greater regenerative capacity than myocardial cells.
myocardial cells.
D.
D. Mast cells have metachromatic granules.Mast cells have metachromatic granules.
5.
b. ArtArterieriolar olar diladilatattationion c.
c. AcActitive hve hypypererememiaia
d. Inflammatory exudates d. Inflammatory exudates e. Swelling and pain
e. Swelling and pain f. Slowing of blood flow.
f. Slowing of blood flow.
B.
B. Cytoplasmic micropinocytotic vesicles are increased for Cytoplasmic micropinocytotic vesicles are increased for increasing membrane permeability in acute increasing membrane permeability in acute inflamma-tion.
tion.
C.
C. C3a, C5a, 5-HTC3a, C5a, 5-HT, Kallikrein, Kallikrein, PGE2 are involved in incr, PGE2 are involved in increa- ea-sed vascular
sed vascular permeabilitypermeability.. D.
D. In a granuloma, there is polymorphonuclear leuko-In a granuloma, there is polymorphonuclear leuko-cytosis, cell debris and fibrin.
cytosis, cell debris and fibrin.
E.
E. Collagen type found in dermis, tendon, bone, cornea,Collagen type found in dermis, tendon, bone, cornea, and dentin is type IV.
and dentin is type IV.
6.
6. Which Which of the of the follofollowing awing are true?re true?
A.
A. Fab fragment consists of light chain and part of heavyFab fragment consists of light chain and part of heavy chain.
chain.
B.
B. Papain digestion of monomeric immunoglobulin resultsPapain digestion of monomeric immunoglobulin results in production of an antibody binding fragment.
in production of an antibody binding fragment.
C.
B. IgA class antibody has 4 J-chains.IgA class antibody has 4 J-chains.
C.
C. Mast cells degranulation is a property of IgE.Mast cells degranulation is a property of IgE.
D.
D. Lymphocyte surface antigen receptor is a property of Lymphocyte surface antigen receptor is a property of IgD. The deep (or
IgD. The deep (or para) cortex is the T-lymphocyte zonepara) cortex is the T-lymphocyte zone of lymph node and enlarges during antigenic stimulation.
of lymph node and enlarges during antigenic stimulation.
E.
E. The deep (or para) cortex is the T-lymphocyte zone of The deep (or para) cortex is the T-lymphocyte zone of lymph node and enlarges during antigenic stimulation.
lymph node and enlarges during antigenic stimulation.
8.
8. Which of the folloWhich of the following are true about Twing are true about T-lymp-lymphocythocytes?es?
A.
A. Helper T-lymphocytes and T4 positive cells.Helper T-lymphocytes and T4 positive cells.
B.
B. Cells bearing both T4 and T9 are common thymocytes.Cells bearing both T4 and T9 are common thymocytes.
C.
C. Prothymocytes are T10 positive cells.Prothymocytes are T10 positive cells.
D.
D. Suppressor T-lymphocytes are T9 positive cells.Suppressor T-lymphocytes are T9 positive cells.
E.
E. In the unstimulated lymph node, there are localizedIn the unstimulated lymph node, there are localized aggregates of lymphocytes in superficial cortex.
aggregates of lymphocytes in superficial cortex.
9.
9. Which Which of the of the follofollowing awing are true?re true?
A.
A. Following antigenic stimulation, para cortex enlargesFollowing antigenic stimulation, para cortex enlarges resulting in B-lymphocyte proliferation.
resulting in B-lymphocyte proliferation.
B.
B. Macrophages have a surface receptor for C3b.Macrophages have a surface receptor for C3b.
C.
C. C5a promotes emigration and accumulation of C5a promotes emigration and accumulation of neutrophilneutrophil polymorphs and macrophages.
polymorphs and macrophages.
D.
D. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an immune complex,Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is an immune complex, Arthus (type
Arthus (type 3) reaction 3) reaction to bacterial to bacterial spores on spores on mouldymouldy hay.
hay.
E.
E. Rheumatoid arthritis is an organ specific autoimmuneRheumatoid arthritis is an organ specific autoimmune disease.
A. In Di-George syndrome, there is defective B-cell functionIn Di-George syndrome, there is defective B-cell function.. B.
B. In infantile sex-linked agammaglobulinemia there isIn infantile sex-linked agammaglobulinemia there is selective B-cell defect (Bruton type).
selective B-cell defect (Bruton type).
C.
C. In severe combined immunIn severe combined immuno deficiency, o deficiency, there is defectivethere is defective B-cell and T-cell function.
B-cell and T-cell function.
D.
D. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by abnormalWiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by abnormal platelets and defective T-cell function alone.
platelets and defective T-cell function alone.
ANSWERS
C. False D. False
3. A. False: Neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophil are the main phagocytes in acute inflammation.
B. True
C. Flase: The process described is called margination.
Pavementing is adhering of inflammatory cells to vascular endothelium.
D. False: B-lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins.
E. True
4. A. False: The described process is chemotaxis. Diapedesis is movement of white cells out of the vessel through gaps in endothelial cells.
B. True C. True D. True 5. A. True B. True C. True
D. False: This description is that of an abscess. Granuloma is characterized by chronic inflammation.
E. False: Type neollagen is seen in basement membranes.
Type I is seen in the said places.
6. A. True
B. False: There are two antibody binding fragments.
C. True
7. A. True: IgM appears in a small quantity within 7 days of exposure to antigen.
B. False: IgA is selected by plasma cells as a dimmer, i.e.
two molecules, linked together by one polypeptide-J chain.
C. True D. True E. True 8. A. True B. True C. True
D. False: These are T8 positive cells.
E. True
9. A. False: Following antigenic stimulation of humoral response type, primary nodules enlarge to become germinal centers where B-lymphocytes proliferate.
B. True C. True D. True
E. False: It is a multisystem connective tissue disease.
10. A. False: There is almost complete failure of development of thymus and parathyroid with resultant defective T-cell function.
B. True C. True
D. False: Alongwith these two abnormalities, IgM and IgA are also abnormal.
CONCEPTS
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Q.1. Which of the following are true?
A. Heparin mediates type I hypersensitivity (Anaphylactic reaction).
B. Pernicious anemia and Grave’s disease are examples of immune complex diseases.
C. Contact dermatitis is an immune complex disease.
D. CREST syndrome is a form of scleroderma.
E. SLE is characterized by primary immune deficiency.
Ans. A. True: Both histamine and heparin mediate anaphylactoid reaction.
B. False: These are two examples of type II hypersensitivity reaction (cytotoxic type).
C. False: Contact dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (cell mediated type). Type III reactions are exemplified by serum sickness, SLE and glomerulone-phritis.
D. False: Scleroderma is progressive systemic sclerosis.
CREST syndrome is localized scleroderma charac-terized by anticentromere antibodies. It is characcharac-terized by calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia.
E. False: It is characterized by secondary immune defi-ciency, other examples being diabetes mellitus and alcohol abuse.
Q.2. Which of the following are true?
A. Pneumocystis carinii infection can present with osteo-myelitis.
B. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can pre-sent with CD4 counts more than 200.
C. Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVI) can present with recurrent giardial infections.
D. Average duration of latent phase in AIDS is 2 years.
Ans. A. True: P. carinii infection of lungs or bone-marrow can occur with CD4 counts of 200 to 500 cells/microliter.
With less than 50 calls/microliter counts—CMV, MAI and JC viruse infections result.
B. True: AIDS can still be present with CD4 counts more than 200, if patient is HIV positive with an AIDS defining disease.
C. True: Other diseases seen are bacterial infections, auto-immune disease, lymphoma and gastric cancer.
D. False: Average duration of latent phase in AIDS is 10 years.
INFLAMMATION
Q.1. Which of the following are true?
A. P-selectin is normally present in Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells.
B. Defects in cell adhesion is found in diabetes and corti-costeroid use.
C. Myeloperoxidase deficiency is associated with increased incidence of bacterial infections.
D. Histamine is produced by mast cells and basophils only.
E. IL-I is responsible for pain and prostaglandin E2 for pyrexial response.
Ans. A. True.
B. True: Also seen in alcohol intoxication and certain con-genital deficiencies of adhesion molecules.
C. False: Although incidence of bacterial infection may be increased, characteristically candidal infections are in-creased in myeloperoxidase deficiency.
D. False: Along with these two types of cells, platelets also store and release histamine.
E. False: IL-I is responsible for pyrexial response. Prosta-glandin E2 is responsible for pain accompanying acute inflammation.
Q.2. Which of the following are true?
A. Apoptosis is generally accompanied by inflammatory response.
B. bcl-2 and P-53 are both proapoptotic genes.
C. Caspases activate proteases.
D. Councilman bodies are found in alcoholic hepatitis.
E. Fat necrosis is also called saponification.
Ans. A. False: Apoptosis is characterized by the lack of inflammatory response.
B. False. bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis.
P-53 stimulate apoptosis.
C. True: Caspases activate proteinase as well as endonucleases.
D. False: Councilman bodies are found in apoptotic liver cells in viral hepatitis.
E. True.
Q.3. Which of the following are true?
A. Tissue based basophils are called mast cells.
B. Interstitial infiltration is a common response to viral infec-tious agents.
C. Syncytia formation is a response seen in cytopathic/
cytoproliferative inflammation.
D. Keloid is characterized by production of collgen of predo-minantly type IV.
E. Basement membrane has a net positive charge.
Ans. A. True.
B. True: For example in viral hepatitis and viral myocarditis.
C. True: The cells are altered in ultrastructure.
D. False: Type III collagen is found in keloid. Type IV collagen is found in basement membrane.
E. False: Basement membrane has a net negative charge.