Capítulo III: Marco metodológico
Secuencia 2 – actividad 1
NeighborNeighbor
Figure 4. shielded floodlight
Figure 5. task area from shielded floodlight
Task Area
SS
nc credit 8
scHooLs credit 8
cs credit 8
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
9. exemplary performance
This credit is not eligible for exemplary performance under the Innovation in Design section.
10. regional Variations
There are no regional variations associated with this credit.
11. operations and Maintenance Considerations
Exterior luminaires must be periodically cleaned and relamped to maintain optimal light levels.
Depending on the number of exterior luminaires, it may be beneficial to implement a schedule and policy for group relamping to help avoid lamp burnouts and to minimize the labor costs associated with spot relamping. Additionally, if group relamping is identified as an operational strategy during the design phase, the initial light levels can often be reduced while still maintaining the design illuminance. A rule of thumb to determine whether group relamping is likely to be economically feasible is if the labor cost to change a lamp exceeds the cost per lamp.
12. resources
Please see USGBC’s LEED Registered Project Tools (http://www.usgbc.org/projecttools) for additional resources and technical information.
Websites
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers http://www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE advances the science of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration for the public’s benefit through research, standards writing, continuing education, and publications. To purchase ASHRAE standards and guidelines, visit the bookstore on the ASHRAE website.
California Energy Commission (CEC)–2005, California Energy Efficiency Building Standards: Lighting Zones
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2005standards/outdoor_lighting/2004-09-30_LIGHTING_
ZONES.PDF
This site describes the outdoor lighting zones developed for use in the California Energy Efficiency Building Standards (Title 24), effective 2005.
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America http://www.iesna.org
The mission of IESNA is to benefit society by promoting knowledge and disseminating information for the improvement of the lighted environment..
International Dark-Sky Association http://www.darksky.org
This nonprofit agency is dedicated to educating about and providing solutions to light pollution.
Sky and Telescope
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
Concepts in Practice Lighting: Lighting Design in Architecture, by Torquil Barker (B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1997).
The Design of Lighting, by Peter Tregenza and David Loe (E & FN Spon, 1998).
ASNI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007 User’s Manual, effective 2008.
13. Definitions
Curfew hours are locally determined times when lighting restrictions are imposed. When no local or regional restrictions are in place, 10:00 p.m. is regarded as a default curfew time.
A footcandle (fc) is a measure of light falling on a given surface. One footcandle is defined as the quantity of light falling on a 1-square-foot area from a 1 candela light source at a distance of 1 foot (which equals 1 lumen per square foot). Footcandles can be measured both horizontally and vertically by a footcandle meter or light meter.
A full-cutoff luminaire has zero candela intensity at an angle of 90 degrees above the vertical axis (nadir or straight down) and at all angles greater than 90 degrees from straight down. Additionally, the candela per 1,000 lamp lumens does not numerically exceed 100 (10%) at an angle of 80 degrees above nadir. This applies to all lateral angles around the luminaire.
Horizontal footcandles occur on a horizontal surface. They can be added together arithmetically when more than 1 source provides light to the same surface.
Light pollution is waste light from building sites that produces glare, is directed upward to the sky, or is directed off the site. Waste light does not increase nighttime safety, utility, or security and needlessly consumes energy.
Light trespass is obtrusive light that is unwanted because of quantitative, directional, or spectral attributes. Light trespass can cause annoyance, discomfort, distraction, or loss of visibility.
Safety and comfort light levels meet local code requirements and must be adequate to provide a safe path for egress without overlighting the area.
Shielding is a nontechnical term that describes devices or techniques that are used as part of a luminaire or lamp to limit glare, light trespass, or sky glow.
Sky glow is caused by stray light from unshielded light sources and light reflecting off surfaces that then enter the atmosphere and illuminate and reflect off dust, debris, and water vapor. Sky glow can substantially limit observation of the night sky, compromise astronomical research, and adversely affect nocturnal environments.
Vertical footcandles occur on a vertical surface. They can be added together arithmetically when more than 1 source provides light to the same surface.
SS
nc credit 8
scHooLs credit 8
cs credit 8
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
SS CreDit 9 tenant DeSiGn anD ConStrUCtion GUiDelineS
nc scHooLs cs
credit na na ss credit 9
Points na na 1 point
intent
To educate tenants about implementing sustainable design and construction features in their tenant improvement build-out.
Tenant design and construction guidelines benefit the Core & Shell certified project in 2 important ways: First, the guidelines will help tenants design and build sustainable interiors and adopt green building practices; second, the guidelines will help in coordinating LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors and LEED 2009 for Core and Shell Development certifications.
requirements cs
Publish an illustrated document that provides tenants with the following design and construction information:
n A description of the sustainable design and construction features incorporated in the core & shell project and the project’s sustainability goals and objectives, including those for tenant spaces.
n Information on LEED for Commercial Interiors and how the core and shell building contributes to achieving these credits.
n Information that enables a tenant to coordinate space design and construction with the core and shell’s building systems. Specific LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors credits to be addressed when applicable include the following:
• Water use reduction.
• Optimize energy performance, lighting power.
• Optimize energy performance, lighting controls.
• Optimize energy performance, HVAC.
• Energy use and metering.
• Measurement and verification.
• Ventilation and outdoor air delivery.
• Construction indoor air quality management.
• Indoor chemical and pollutant source control.
• Controllability of systems.
• Thermal comfort.
• Daylighting and views.
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
1. Benefits and issues to Consider Environmental issues
Because of the speculative nature of the real estate market, a building’s core and shell and interior tenant spaces are controlled by completely different entities. Responsibility for environmental impacts is therefore weighted differently for building owners, developers, and tenants. Tenants’
potential to reduce energy use through efficient lighting design and daylighting strategies depends on the core and shell construction, and the base building mechanical system will directly influence tenants’ ability to optimize occupants’ indoor environmental quality.
LEED for Core & Shell buildings also offer ways for tenants to take advantage of the environmental benefits built into the project and can inspire tenants to take their own steps toward environmental stewardship. Core & Shell building efforts to reduce heat islands, plant native landscapes, and install low flow plumbing fixtures can significantly reduce tenants’ energy and resource use, particularly where lease agreements require tenants to meter and pay for their own energy costs.
Economic issues
Producing tenant design and construction guidelines will not have an economic impact on LEED for Core & Shell projects; however, the strategies and recommendations in the guidelines can require upfront investments on the part of building tenants. Tenants choosing to certify their build-out projects under the LEED for Commercial Interiors Rating System may incur additional costs for commissioning and certification. However, a carefully designed core and shell will provide base building elements that support cost-effective ways for tenants to earn credits under LEED for Commercial Interiors.
2. related Credits
This credit is related to all LEED for Core & Shell credits the project team chooses to pursue within the scope of the LEED project. LEED for Core & Shell credits most likely to affect future building tenants are these:
n WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction
n EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance
n EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning
n EA Credit 5: Measurement and Verification
n IEQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
n IEQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation
n IEQ Credit 3: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan
n IEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control
n IEQ Credit 6: Controllability of Systems
n IEQ Credit 7: Thermal Comfort
n IEQ Credit 8: Daylighting and Views 3. Summary of referenced Standards There are no standards referenced for this credit.
4. implementation
The tenant design and construction guidelines are intended to educate future building tenants on the sustainability goals of the core and shell project, explain how tenants can incorporate green SS
nc na
scHooLs na
cs credit 9
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
building strategies into the build-out of their own spaces, describe the synergies between LEED for Core & Shell and LEED for Commercial Interiors, and encourage tenants to pursue LEED for Commercial Interiors certification.
The recommendations in the tenant design and construction guidelines are meant to highlight building-specific best practices. The guidelines are not meant to be design requirements for the tenant. Some projects may adopt some or all of the guidelines as tenant requirements; however, that is not necessary to meet the requirements of this credit.
Tenant design and construction guidelines must include the following:
core & shell sustainable Design and construction features
This portion of the tenant design and construction guidelines is meant to help the tenant design team understand and efficiently utilize the base building’s systems and design features. Technical information, building features, and base building environmental policies should be clearly communicated. As appropriate for the project, the guidelines will include the following:
Reduced water use. Specify the building water use reduction goals; provide information about the it’s water use fixtures and systems and how they assist in achieving these goals. Fixtures and systems recommendations should also be included. These can be presented in narrative form with product cut sheets.
Optimize energy performance. This section should outline the energy optimization features of the core and shell and provide information and recommendations about how tenants can further reduce energy use through design. Specific features to be highlighted:
Lighting power. The greatest opportunity for tenants to optimize energy consumption is in the area of lighting. LEED for Core & Shell building design can dramatically affect lighting power use by providing a base building design that allows for reduced lighting power without compromising light quality. So that tenants can optimize daylighting, a LEED for Core &
Shell commercial office building design should consider floor-to-ceiling heights, the bay size, the type of glazing, and the depth of occupied spaces. Daylight shelves and glare control devices should also be considered. Skylights for top lighting should be considered for retail or manufacturing projects to further reduce lighting power.
Information on technical and design decisions about the base building should be included in the tenant design and construction guidelines to help the tenant understand and implement strategies to reduce lighting power. Recommendations regarding base building lighting fixtures installed may also be appropriate.
Lighting controls. Lighting power is integrally linked with tenant space lighting controls.
Daylighting strategies that have been designed into the core and shell are best if coupled with tenant space layout and lighting controls. Base building design information, potential tenant space layouts, and technical recommendations should all be considered.
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC). The HVAC system that the core and shell design team chooses will have a considerable effect on the tenant build-out. The information provided should include a description of the HVAC system, along with any energy efficiency features and suggestions as to how they can be best utilized. Building orientation and site issues, such as shading from surrounding buildings, may affect passive
SS
nc na
scHooLs na
cs credit 9
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
Measurement and verification. Describe the building’s measurement and verification plan, including what option is being used and how the core and shell measurement and verification plan will be carried out. Provide information about protocols that the tenants can use to create their own measurement and verification plans.
Ventilation and outdoor air delivery. Provide design and operational information for the ventilation system. This should describe how the air is provided to the space (e.g., underfloor, overhead, displacement, or natural ventilation). Include the amount of outside air that each system is capable of providing so that tenants can determine how much outside air is available to them. This document should describe the control system and identify opportunities for the tenant to adapt or fine-tune the control system by, for example, installing monitoring devices such as CO2 sensors.
Construction indoor air quality management. The guidelines should highlight areas of the core and shell construction indoor air quality management plan that are applicable to the tenant build-out, particularly where tenant work may be sequenced at the same time.
Indoor chemical and pollutant source control. Illustrate the strategies used to achieve IEQ Credit 5. Because multiple tenants may share air return and supply systems, include information on the benefits of isolating hazardous gases or chemicals.
Controllability of systems. Describe the building’s HVAC control systems. If the building incorporates natural ventilation, describe how it can be used and how it works with the building’s other systems. For a completely mechanical system, provide details on how the tenants can use the control system to better regulate the thermal comfort in their spaces.
Thermal comfort. Explain how the building’s HVAC system will help maintain thermal comfort in the building. Provide the design criteria of the system (including indoor and outdoor conditions) and document any other assumptions made for the thermal comfort calculations (including space internal loads, clothing, and metabolic rate of the people in the space).
Daylighting and views. Many of the issues related to daylighting are addressed in sections on energy optimization; however, views should also be considered. For commercial office buildings, consider supplying a tenant layout early in the project design so that potential tenants can consider the benefits of views within their space layouts.
Employees in retail or manufacturing projects can also benefit from views to the outdoors.
Building siting and envelope design should be described.
Core and shell buildings that have been designed to optimize occupants’ views to the outdoors should provide illustrations in the guidelines so that space layouts can take full advantage of this amenity. The benefits of views to tenants can be part of the building marketing and lease negotiation process.
Commissioning. Building commissioning can help ensure that a building is operating as intended. Provide details on the core and shell commissioning process. This may include the commissioning plan or report. Provide information on the building’s design intent so that the tenant can evaluate whether the space is functioning as designed. Core and shell commissioning documents can also serve as a model for tenants to use for their own commissioning efforts.
Elimination or control of environmental tobacco smoke. If Option 1 of IEQ Prerequisite 2, Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control, is used, the smoking policy should be part of the tenant design and construction guidelines and clearly communicated during the lease negotiation. If Option 2 of this prerequisite is used, then separation, exhaust, and pressurization requirements will need to be clearly communicated so that they can be included in the tenant’s scope of construction.
SS
nc na
scHooLs na
cs credit 9
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
For mixed-use buildings that include a residential component, describe the methods used to achieve compliance with Option 3 of the prerequisite.
Recommendations for sustainable strategies, products, materials and service. This section of the tenant design and construction guidelines should describe recommended materials, products, and strategies to be employed in the tenant build-out. Descriptions of the sustainable strategies, products, materials, and services used in the core and shell building can be a resource when tenant design teams make selections for their space. For instance, if the base building has installed low-emitting materials (see IEQ Credit 4, Low-Emitting Materials), then the adhesives, sealants, paints, coatings, carpet systems, composite wood, and agrifiber products used should be listed in the guidelines. Sustainable material suppliers, manufactures, local salvaged material retailers, and construction waste recycling facilities may also be listed as resources in the guidelines.
information Regarding the LEED for commercial interiors Rating system
This section of the tenant design and construction guidelines is meant to help the tenant pursue LEED for Commercial Interiors certification. General information about the LEED for Commercial Interiors rating system must be provided, with building-specific examples of the advantages of attaining LEED for Commercial Interiors certification. This section should outline the rating system, credit by credit, and describe specific methods that future tenants can use to achieve these credits. Pay particular attention to the synergies between the core and shell designs and how they assist with achieving credits under LEED for Commercial Interiors.
5. timeline and team
The tenant design and construction guidelines should evolve during the core and shell design process with input from the project architect, design team, and building owner. This document is part of the design submittal and should be finalized as project teams complete the design development stage and move into construction documents. The guidelines should be made available to tenants as part of the lease negotiations and must be provided prior to the start of any tenant design work.
6. Calculations
There are no calculations required for this credit.
7. Documentation Guidance
As a first step in preparing to complete the LEED-Online documentation requirements, work through the following measure. Refer to LEED-Online for the complete descriptions of all required documentation.
n Retain a copy of the tenant design and construction guidelines.
8. examples
There are no examples for this credit.
9. exemplary performance
This credit is not eligible for exemplary performance under the Innovation in Design section.
10. regional Variations
SS
nc na
scHooLs na
cs credit 9
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.
For personal use only and subject to the sales order agreement terms by (BP 10303644). May NOT be copied or distributed.