CAPÍTULO II................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Resultados y discusión
4.1.6 Actividades económicas
1. EDUCATIONAL OUTLINE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Junior mid. Senior mid. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
school school Master’s Ph.D.
Prov. Educ. Comm. Exam State Educ. Comm. National Exam
Medical Colleges 1 2 3 **Medical Laboratory Technologist & Universities (Diploma)
1 2 3 4 5* Bachelor of Medicine, Medical Laboratory Technology 1 2 3* Laboratory Technician Diploma
Technical Secondary 1 2 3 4* Laboratory Technician Diploma Medical Schools 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* Medical Laboratory Technologist 1 2 3 (Diploma) Professional Training Course (Adult Ed.) 6* 7* 8* 9* 10*
* = work experience or internship **= plus 3 years work experience
2. COUNTRY BACKGROUND
The People’s Republic of China, with over one million schools and more than 200 million students, has the world’s largest school system. Only a tiny percentage of the population has access to higher education, and although national programs established nine years of compulsory education as its goal in 1985, completion of junior middle school is still far from universal. Although overall responsibility for schools in China rests with the State Education Commission (SEDC), most schools are under the direction of Provincial or other local bureaus of education.
Education for medical laboratorians in China takes place at both the secondary and post-secondary levels. Training takes place in Technical Secondary Medical Schools and in Medical Colleges and Universities which offer Medical Laboratory Science programs.
Students completing junior middle school (9 years of schooling) are eligible to enter programs (by Provincial exam) in Technical Secondary Medical Schools. There are 560 Technical Secondary Medical Schools in China, of which 64 offer laboratory technology programs. These programs, which are for junior middle school graduates, are 3 years in duration plus -year work experience.
Students completing senior middle school may enter 2-year programs at Technical Secondary Medical Schools, or may sit for the National Entrance Examinations to enter: 1) a 5 -year university/college program, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Medicine Medical Laboratory Science. (4-year Bachelor’s programs also exist, although they are being phased out), or 2) a 3-year Diploma program (a “special course”) at the university level leading to the title Medical Technologist.
Technicians trained at the secondary level may advance to the level of Technologist either through work experience (5 years), plus a 3-year adult education “professional training” program, or through extended work experience (of 10 years) alone.
Technologists trained at the Bachelor’s level may sit for examinations to enter the 3-year master’s program at medical colleges and universities and upon completion may sit for further examinations to enter doctoral programs, also normally 3 years in duration. Specialization occurs only at these post-graduate levels.
3. LEVELS AND LENGTH OF TRAINING 1. Laboratory Technician -(Diploma)
a. 3 years of training in a technical secondary medical school, following junior middle school, or a total of 12 years of school, plus 1 year work experience.
b. 2 years of training in a specialized medical school or hospital, following senior middle school, or a total of 14 years of school, plus 1 year work experience.
2. Medical Laboratory Technologist - (Diploma)
a. 3 years of training in college or university (special course class), following senior middle school, or a total of 15 years of school, plus 3 years work experience.
b. Technician level training followed by 5 years of work experience and 3-year Professional Training Course (adult education).
c. Technician level training followed by 10 years of work experience.
Medical Laboratory Technologist (Bachelor of Medicine Medical Laboratory Technology)
5 years of training in college or university (Bachelor’s level) following senior middle school, or a total of 17 years of school, with year work experience.
ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS 1. Laboratory Technician -(Diploma)
a. Admission to Technical Secondary Medical School for the Technician diploma requires a minimum of 9 years schooling (completion of junior middle school) and is contingent upon success in the Provincial Education Commission examination.
2. Medical Laboratory Technologist - (Diploma)
a. Admission to the 3-year Medical Laboratory Technologist (Diploma) at a Medical
College or University program requires graduation from a senior middle school, and passing a State Education Commission National Examination , or
b. Admission to the 3-year Professional Training Course (adult education) requires the Technician level Diploma followed by 5 years of work experience
c. Technician level training followed by 10 years of work experience.
2. Medical Laboratory Technologist (Bachelor of Medicine Medical Laboratory Technology)
Admission to one of the colleges or universities that have a Medical Laboratory Science program for a Bachelor’s level Medical Laboratory Technologist degree, requires a minimum of 12 years of schooling (completion of senior middle school) followed by attainment of an acceptable score on the National Examination (held by the State Education Commission) at the university admission level. A slightly lower score on this examination will qualify the candidate for admission to colleges and universities which offer the 3-year Medical Laboratory Technologist diploma (3-year special course).
5. SCOPE OF THE FIELD
Programs for medical laboratorians are polyvalent with specialization occurring only at the Masters and Doctoral levels. All medical laboratorians from both Technical Secondary Schools and from colleges and universities are assigned work upon completion of studies at various hospitals and research institutions. Graduates from the adult education “professional training course” generally return to the laboratory in which they gained their previous work experience.
Graduates of Technical Secondary Schools generally work as Technicians or as Technologists’ assistants in all grades of hospitals or in public health or scientific research institutions. Their work involves primarily routine laboratory testing. Graduates of the 3-year “special course” for the Medical Laboratory Technologists diploma are generally assigned to work at smaller, county-level or industrial hospitals.
Graduates of the 5-year programs in Medical Colleges and Universities are primarily assigned to the laboratories at large hospitals. A number are also assigned to conduct research or to work in laboratories of public health institutions.
The specialized professional with a post-graduate degree may be assigned to teach at the university level, to conduct research or to direct a division or department in one of the large hospitals.
The working hierarchy of medical laboratorians is as follows: 1) Technician - primarily routine work
2) Technologist - primarily routine work; may also be a Technician with more than 10 years of working experience. 3) Senior Technologist - A Technologist with more than five years of working experience or a technician with more than 15 years of work experience and may be in charge of a division.
Chief Technologist - A Technologist with a Bachelor’s degree and more than 10 years of work experience and may be in charge of a division or head of a department.
6.CURRICULUM
Sample Curriculum
Shanghai Medical University
4-Year Bachelor of Medicine Medical Laboratory Technology- 1989
Year 1 1st Term 2nd Term
Subject Hours Hours Theory Practical Theory Practical