Administración de Riesgos Empresariales (COSO II-ERM)

Similar to the coding process for mapping verbs to verb classes of cognitive behaviors, here the classifying process involved going to the VerbNet website and locating the verb classes associated with verbs related to reflexivity information. Both VerbNet classes and copular verbs that elicit information regarding reflexivity information are outlined in Appendix H. The verbs appearance, become, and seem are represented as both a verb and a verb class. Although, as a verb they function as a copular verb, the verb class does not. Instead the verb class contains verb members that show the same syntactic features. After verbs were matched to reflexivity, VerbNet allowed identifying preposition congruent with the verb that

represents a cognitive behavior indicator. Prepositions were the same to the ones encountered for cognitive behavior indicators and therefore not separately listed. See Table 29 for the classified prepositions. Similar to developing the classifiers for the cognitive behaviors, the reflexivity indicators were mapped to generate linguistic classifiers that are functional for automated communication analytics. An exception poses in that cognitive behaviors are also classified to each reflexivity indicator. Classifiers were generated for each reflexivity

indicator by combining the verb frame, semantic role, prepositions, verb class, verb tense, speech act behavior and identifiable copular, auxiliary verbs or other characteristics. For analytics to tag reflexivity indicators, the classifiers had to be distinct from one another. Results of the classifiers illustrate a distinct syntactic construct of the reflexivity indicators. See Table 37 for an example; Appendix H presents the classification system of reflexivity.

152 Table 37. Classification of Reflexivity Indicator Review.

Reflexivity – Review Syntactic

Structure Frames Semantic Roles

NP V NP V ADJ NP V ADV NP V for NP NP V NP NP V NP ADVP NP V NP 1[apart} NP V NP PP.Co-Patient NP V NP PP.Destination NP V NP PP.Instrument NP V NP PP.Location NP V NP PP.Material NP V NP PP.Source NP V NP PP.Theme NP V NP S_INF NP V NP S_INF Location NP V NP S_ING NP V NP to be ADJ . . .

Actor V Theme ({+Path} Location) Agent V

Agent V ({with}) Co-Agent Agent V {about/with} Theme

Agent V {Against before into on to onto } Destination Theme

Agent V {at, in, on }

Agent V {on Upon} Destination

Agent V {with} Co-Agent {at, in, on } Theme Agent V Destination

Agent V Location {for} Theme Agent V Patient

Agent V Patient {into} Results Agent V Patient {off of from with} Co-

Patient

Agent V Patient {with} Instrument Agent V Patient Result {to_INF} Agent V PP.Location

. . .

Verb Class

Amalgamate-22.2, appear- 48.1.1, become-109.1, bring-11.3, conjecture-29.5, contribute- 13.2, cooperate-73.3, correspond-26.1, create 26.4,

disappearance-48.2, focus-87.1, force-59, get-13.5.1, help-72, leave – 51.2, light_emission-43.1, meet-36.3, obtain -13.5, occurrence-48.3, order-60, other_cos-45.4, put-9.1, reach – 51.8, rehearse-26.8, roll – 51.3.1, search- 35.2, seem-109-1, split-23.2, want – 32.1, wish-62

Verb Tense Past, Present Speech Act

Behavior Announcement Cognitive

Behavior SAE(Perception, Comprehension), SAT(Perception, Action), TMS (Specialization, Feedback) Copular verbs is, are, was, were, appear, become, get, run, look, seem

Auxiliary verbs is, are, was, were, have, had, do, did

Others Review descriptive words (awesome, bad, better, best, effectively, good, great, impossible, bad/good job, performance, productive, teamwork, together, successful, suck, unrealistic)

The reflexivity indicator review centers on communication content about reviewing team performance and prior task activities. Review is characterized by a syntactic frame with variations of semantic roles (e.g., NP V NP PP Theme, NP V NP.Patient). As a verb review is occurring as past and present tense, features path, locative and connective prepositions in announcements. In addition, review descriptive words characterize the reflexivity indicator (e.g., effectively, good job, performance, teamwork). The reflexivity indicator strategy is

153

characterized by a syntactic frame and semantic roles that support the development of

potential plans or strategies (e.g., NP V NP PP.Goal, NP V PP.Co-Agent). As a verb, strategy is occurring as present or future tense appearing in announcements, requests and questions and feature path, locative and connective prepositions. The reflexivity indicator strategy implementation is characterized by a syntactic frame and semantic role similar to the reflexivity indicator strategy, to supports also adaptation and implementation of the

developed strategies or plans. As a verb strategy implementation is appearing as present and future tense and appears to majority in announcements. Path, locative and connective preposition also identify this classifier.

All three classifiers indicate a diverse syntactic frame and use of semantic frames, which can be attributed to the variety of context specific information. Yet, compared to the cognitive behaviors, these classifiers are not as distinct in their classification characteristics. Particular the reflexivity classifier strategy development and strategy implementation display similar syntactic structure and behaviors which might make it difficult for analytics to

discriminate between one another. This might be caused by the limitation of the environment and task the virtual teams had to accomplish. Future research should therefore look at

different task events and environments to expand and train classifiers further. Overall, this part of the study presents a first approach to identify reflexivity indicators in team communication and further analyze which speech act and cognitive

behaviors can be observed. Besides the classifiers limitation, the classifier model can be used and expanded for natural language processing to automatically identify reflexivity indicators. In the following, the overall proposed model is specified with the prior classified cognitive behavior and reflexivity indicators. This section also presents the experimental phase of this research by examining the nature of reflexivity transition and action phase in form of communication shifts, the effect of diversity on communication, and the overall effect of team reflexivity intervention on cognitive behaviors in communication.