Essentially, this Family Tree has been devised to illustrate the line of heritage to the author’s teachers. Thus, many influential violinists have not been listed. This is not an oversight or lack of acknowledgement of other important figures whose contributions to the world of music continue to be heard and observed to this day. An example of this is Pablo de Sarasate (1844–1908) whose teacher Jean-Delphin Alard (1815–1888) ( Habeneck Baillot Viotti) has not been included in the Family Tree.
Eminent exponents of the Baroque movement and of the school of historically informed interpretation are conspicuously absent from the Family Tree. One could say that through their original and innovative approach, these musicians have short- circuited, as it were, the traditional line of descent, deriving their knowledge mostly from the study of ancient writings and sources.
Findings are based in part on Marc Pincherle, Les Instruments du Quatuor (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1970), and as in the New Grove, unless otherwise indicated
In order to facilitate an overall view of a complex pattern of connections, this Family Tree is also presented as an infogram in the Appendix. It is suggested that the text below is read in conjunction with that infogram.119
119 With gratitude to the graphic designer and visual artist Miklós Váli, who introduced me to the
Giovanni Battista Viotti (1753–1824), founding father of the 19th-century
French School most famed student of Giulio Gaetano Gerolamo Pugnani (1731–
1798) student of Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770) – who received basic musical
training from Franciscan friars – and Giovanni Battista Somis (1686–1763), who was a pupil of Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713), who also taught Francesco Saverio Geminiani who was reportedly called “Il Furibondo”, the Impassioned One, because of his expressive rhythms. He was not the only one to be called names – Niccolò Paganini was rumoured to be in league with the devil. What we know for sure is that he was influenced by Auguste Duranowski… a former student of Viotti.
Students of Viotti:
Baillot (Pierre-Marie-François de Sales) (1771–1842)
Bériot (Charles-Auguste de) (1802–1870), also a student of Baillot and Robberechts Cartier (Jean-Baptiste) (1765–1841)
Duranowski (Auguste) (1770–1834) Kreutzer (Rodolphe) (1766–1831)
Robberechts (André) (1797–1860), also a student of Baillot Rode (Jacques-Pierre-Joseph) (1774–1830)
Pixis (Friedrich-Wilhelm) (1785–1842)120
Student of Pixis ( Viotti):
Mildner (Mořic) (1812–1865)
Student of Mildner ( Pixis Viotti): Bennewitz (Antonín) (1833–1926)
Students of Bennewitz ( Mildner Pixis Viotti):
Haliř (Karel) (1859–1909), also a student of Joachim
Karbulka (Joseph) (1866–1920)
120 Alberto Bachmann states the year of birth of Pixis to be 1786 in an edition of his An Encyclopedia
of the Violin (New York: D. Appleton, 1925) p. 390, as does H.C. Colles (editor), Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians, third edition (New York: Macmillan, 1949), p. 193.
Ševčík (Otakar) (1852–1934)
Student of Karbulka ( Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti): Stolyarsky (Pyotr Solomonovich) (1871–1944), also a student Mlynarski
Students of Ševčík ( Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti):
Huml (Václav) (1880–1953)
Zimbalist (Efrem) (1889–1985), also a student of Auer
Student of Huml (Ševčík Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti): Spiller (Ljerko) (1908–2008), also a student of Thibaud and Enescu
Student of Spiller ( Huml Ševčík Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti) + ( Thibaud Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + ( Thibaud Ysaÿe Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti):
Chumachenco (Ana) (b. 1945), also a student of Szigeti and Végh
Students of Baillot ( Viotti):
Bériot (Charles-Auguste de) (1802–1870), also a student of Robberechts and Viotti Habeneck (François-Antoine) (1781–1849)
Maurin (Jean-Pierre) (1822–1894), teacher of Lucien Capet (1873–1928) Mazas (Jacques-Féréol) (1782–1849)
Robberechts (André) (1797–1860), also a student of Viotti Sauzay (Eugène-Charles) (1809–1901), also a student of Marsick
Student of Bériot ( Viotti): Vieuxtemps (Henri) (1820–1881)
Students of Rode ( Viotti): Böhm (Joseph) (1795–1876)
Lafont (Charles-Philippe) (1781–1839)
Student of Robberechts ( Viotti):
Students of Habeneck ( Baillot Viotti): Lalo (Edouard-Victor-Antoine) (1823–1892) Léonard (Hubert) (1819–1890)
Students of Léonard ( Habeneck Baillot Viotti):
Marsick (Martin-Pierre-Joseph) (1848–1924), also a student of Joachim and Massart (Lambert) (1811–1892) 121
Marteau (Henri) (1874–1934) Thomson (César) (1857–1931)
Students of Marsick (Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti): Enescu (George) (1881–1955), also a student of Ysaÿe
Flesch (Carl) (1873–1944), also a student of Grün and Sauzay Sauzay (Eugène-Charles) (1809–1901), also a student of Baillot Thibaud (Jacques) (1880–1953), also a student of Ysaÿe
Student of Thomson ( Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti): Back (Oskar) (1879–1963), also a student of Grün and Ysaÿe
Student of Back ( Thomson Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + ( Ysaÿe Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti) + ( Grün Böhm Rode Viotti): Krebbers (Herman) (b. 1923)
Students of Enescu ( Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti): Grumiaux (Arthur) (1921–1986), also a student of Dubois
Menuhin (Yehudi) (1916–1999), also a student of Persinger Spiller (Ljerko) (1908–2008), also a student of Huml and Thibaud
121Wieniawski, Fritz Kreisler, František Ondříček (the teacher of Demetrius Dounis), and Martin
Marsick, all studied with Massart. Massart’s teacher was Rodolphe Kreutzer (1766–1831), who in turn was a student of Johann Stamitz. None of the aforementioned men are directly connected via their studies to Viotti. However, according to Alberto Bachmann, An Encyclopedia of the Violin (New York: Da Capo Press, 1966), p. 370, Kreutzer was an admirer of Viotti and drew on his playing for inspiration, not least because Kreutzer was largely self-taught.
Students of Persinger ( Ysaÿe Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti) + ( Thibaud
Marsick Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Thibaud Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti):
Menuhin (Yehudi) (1916–1999), also a student of Enescu Ricci (Ruggiero) (b. 1918)
Stern (Isaac) (1920–2001)
Students of Thibaud ( Ysaÿe Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti) + ( Marsick
Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti):
Persinger (Louis) (1887–1966), also a student of Ysaÿe
Spiller (Ljerko) (1908–2008), also a student of Huml and Enescu Szeryng (Henryk) (1918–1988), also a student of Flesch
Students of Flesch ( Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + ( Sauzay Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + ( Sauzay Baillot Viotti) + ( Grün Böhm Rode Viotti):
Haendel (Ida) (b. 1928) Hassid (Josef) (1923–1950) Moodie (Alma) (1898–1943)
Neaman (Yfrah) (1923–2003), also a student of Rostal Neveu (Ginette) (1919–1949)
Rostal (Max) (1905–1991), also a student of Rosé
Szeryng (Henryk) (1918–1988), also a student of Thibaud
Students of Rostal ( Flesch Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti):
Brainin (Norbert) (1923–2005) Brandis (Thomas) (b. 1935)
Neaman (Yfrah) (1923–2003), also a student of Flesch Nissel (Siegmund) (1922–2008)
Ozim (Igor) (b. 1931) Peinemann (Edith) (b. 1937)
Students of Vieuxtemps ( Bériot Viotti):
Hubay (Jenö) (1858–1937), also a student of Joachim
Ysaÿe (Eugène) (1858–1931), also a student of Wieniawski (Henryk) (1835–1880) and Massart (Lambert)
Students of Ysaÿe ( Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti):
Back (Oskar) (1879–1963), also a student of Grün and Thomson Crickboom (Mathieu) (1871–1947)
Dubois (Alfred) (1898–1949)
Enescu (George) (1881–1955), also a student of Marsick Gingold (Josef) (1909–1995)
Milstein (Nathan Mironovich) (1903–1992), also a student of Auer, Goldstein and Stolyarsky
Persinger (Louis) (1887–1966), also a student of Thibaud Thibaud (Jacques) (1880–1953), also a student of Marsick
Students of Böhm ( Rode Viotti): Dont (Jakob) (1815–1888)
Ernst (Heinrich Wilhelm) (1814–1876)122 Grün (Jakob) (1837–1916)
Hellmesberger (Georg) (1800–1873) Joachim (Joseph) (1831–1907)
Student of Dont ( Böhm Rode Viotti):
Auer (Leopold) (1845–1930), also a student of Joachim
122 Ernst dates of birth and death according to Alberto Bachmann, An Encyclopedia of the Violin (New
York: Da Capo Press, 1966), p. 354.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Ernst stated that 1812 is the correct date of birth (accessed 06/9/11).
Students of Auer ( Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + (Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Elman (Mischa Saulovich) (1891–1967)
Heifetz (Jascha Rubimovich) (1901–1987), also a student of Stolyarsky
Milstein (Nathan Mironovich) (1903–1992), also a student of Goldstein, Stolyarsky and Ysaÿe
Mlynarski (Emil) (1870–1935)
Sibor (Boris Ossipovich) (1880–1961)
Zimbalist (Efrem) (1889–1985), also a student of Ševčík
Student of Mlynarski ( Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Stolyarsky (Pyotr Solomonovich) (1871–1944), also a student of Karbulka
Student of Sibor ( Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + (Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Mostras (Konstantin Georgiyevich) (1886–1965)
Student of Mostras ( Sibor Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Sibor Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Galamian (Ivan Alexandrovich) (1903–1981), also a student of Capet
Students of Grün ( Böhm Rode Viotti):
Back (Oskar) (1879–1963), also a student of Thomson and Ysaÿe Flesch (Carl) (1873–1944), also a student of Marsick and Sauzay
Students of Hellmesberger (Georg) ( Böhm Rode Viotti): Hellmesberger (Joseph) (1828–1893)
Students of Joachim ( Böhm Rode Viotti): Auer (Leopold) (1845–1930), also a student of Dont Burmester (Willy) (1869–1933)
Courvoisier (Carl) (1846–1908)
Eldering (Bram) (1865–1943), also a student of Hubay
Haliř (Karel) (1859–1909), also a student of Bennewitz
Hubay (Jenö) (1858–1937), also a student of Vieuxtemps Huberman (Bronislaw) (1882–1947)
Klingler (Karl) (1879–1971)
Marsick (Martin-Pierre-Joseph) (1848–1924), also a student of Léonard and Massart Moser (Andreas) (1859–1925)
Powell (Maud) (1868–1920)
Vécsey (Ferenc) (1893–1935), also a student of Hubay
Students of Hubay ( Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti):
Bachmann (Alberto) (1875–1963) D’Aranyi (Jelly) (1893–1966)
Eldering (Bram) (1865–1943), also a student of Joachim Fehér (Ilona) (1901–1988) Fenyves (Lóránd) (1918–2004) Gertler (André) (1907–1998) Geyer (Stefi) (1888–1956) Ormandy (Eugene) (1899–1985) Pártos (Ödön) (b. 1907–1977) Rubinstein (Erna) (1903–1966)123 Székely (Zoltán) (1903–2001) Szigeti (József) (1892–1973) Telmányi (Emil) (1892–1988)
Vécsey (Ferenc) (1893–1935), also a student of Joachim Végh (Sándor) (1912–1997)
123 Born “about 1906” according to Alberto Bachmann, An Encyclopedia of the Violin (New York: Da
Zathureczky (Ede) (1903–1959)
Students of Gertler ( Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti): Masin (Ronald) (b. 1937)
Kelemen (Maria) (b. 1938)
Students of Végh ( Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti): Chastain (Nora) (b. 1961), also a student of Chumachenco
Chumachenco (Ana) (b. 1945), also a student of Spiller and Szigeti Höbarth (Erich) (b. 1956)
Students of Fehér ( Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti): Ashkenasi (Shmuel) (b. 1941), also a student of Zimbalist
Perlman (Itzhak) (b. 1945) Zuckerman (Pinchas) (b. 1948)
Student of Zimbalist ( Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Ševčík Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti):
Ashkenasi (Shmuel) (b. 1941), also a student of Fehér
Students of Stolyarsky ( Karbulka Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti) + ( Mlynarski Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Mlynarski Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Gilels (Elizabeth Grigorievna) (1919–2008), also a student of Yampolsky (Abram Ilich) (1890–1956)
Goldstein (Boris Emanuilovich) (1922–1987), also a student of Yampolsky (Abram Ilich)
Grach (Eduard Davidovich) (b. 1930)
Heifetz (Jascha Rubimovich) (1901–1987), also a student of Auer
Milstein (Nathan Mironovich) (1903–1992), also a student of Auer, Goldstein and Ysaÿe
Students of Oistrakh (David Fyodorovich) ( Stolyarsky Karbulka Bennewitz
Mildner Pixis Viotti) + ( Stolyarsky Mlynarski Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Stolyarski Mlynarski Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Bron (Zakhar Nuchimovich) (b. 1947), also a student of Oistrakh (Igor Davidovich) and Goldstein (Boris Emanuilovich) (1922–1987)
Kagan (Oleg Moiseyevich) (1946–1990) Klimov (Valery Alexandrovich) (b. 1931) Kremer (Gidon Markusovich) (b. 1947)
Kuschnir (Boris Jakovlevich) (b. 1948), also a student of Belenky (Boris Vladimirovich) (1911–1987)
Mordkovich (Lydia Mendelevna) (b. 1944) Oistrakh (Igor Davidovich) (b. 1931) Pikaizen (Victor Alexandrovich) (b. 1933)
Student of Ashkenasi ( Fehér Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Zimbalist Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti):
Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Bron, Chumachenco, Kelemen, Krebbers, Masin, and Ozim
Student of Bron ( Oistrakh (David) Stolyarsky Karbulka Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti) + ( Oistrakh (Igor Davidovich) Stolyarsky Karbulka Bennewitz Mildner Pixis Viotti) + ( Goldstein (also a student of Yampolsky) Stolyarsky Karbulka Bennewitz Mildner Pixis
Viotti) + ( Oistrakh (David) Stolyarsky Mlynarski Auer Dont Böhm Rode Viotti) + ( Oistrakh (David) Stolyarsky Mlynarski Auer Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Ashkenasi, Chumachenco, Kelemen, Krebbers, Masin, and Ozim
Student of Chumachenco ( Spiller Huml Ševčík Bennewitz Mildner
Pixis Viotti) + (Spiller Thibaud Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + ( Spiller Thibaud Ysaÿe Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti) + ( Spiller Enescu Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + ( Végh Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti) + (Szigeti Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti):
Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Ashkenasi, Bron, Kelemen, Krebbers, Masin, and Ozim
Student of Kelemen ( Gertler Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti): Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Ashkenasi, Bron, Chumachenco,
Krebbers, Masin, and Ozim
Student of Krebbers ( Back Thomson Léonard Habeneck Baillot Viotti) + (Back Ysaÿe Vieuxtemps Bériot Viotti) + ( Grün Böhm
Rode Viotti):
Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Ashkenasi, Bron, Chumachenco, Kelemen, Masin, and Ozim
Student of Masin ( Gertler Hubay Joachim Böhm Rode Viotti): Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Ashkenasi, Bron, Chumachenco,
Kelemen, Krebbers, and Ozim
Student of Ozim ( Rostal Flesch Marsick Léonard Habeneck Baillot
Viotti):
Masin (Gwendolyn) (b. 1977), also a student of Ashkenasi, Bron, Chumachenco, Kelemen, Krebbers, and Masin