The Protection Mission addresses capabilities to safeguard against acts of terrorism and man-made or natural disasters. Through collaboration and cooperation, this mission aims to protect the citizens, residents, visitors, and critical assets, systems, and networks against risks.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Joint Terrorism Task Force
Overview
The Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) is an FBI-sponsored multijurisdictional function
established specifically to conduct terrorism-related investigations. Analytic and information-sharing efforts carried out by the JTTFs are done solely to support those investigative efforts. They serve as the coordinated “action arm” for federal, state, and local government responses to terrorist threats in specific U.S. geographic regions. The FBI is the lead agency that oversees JTTFs, whose benefits include:
• “One-stop shopping” for law enforcement information or investigation of suspected or real terrorist activities
• Use of a shared intelligence base
• Ability to prosecute cases in the jurisdiction that is most efficient and effective
Table 3–5: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Public Affairs
Sub Category Theme Type POC
Event Damage
Event Location FEMA Designated Counties Polygon DHS/FEMA
Event Location FEMA Imagery Derived Damage Areas Polygon DHS/FEMA
PPD-8 Mission Areas
TeamMembersGeoCONOPS Requirements &Capabilities PPD-8 Mission Areas Disaster Operations CatastrophicDisastersAppendices
• Task-force member awareness of investigations within a jurisdiction and ability to assist in investigations in other jurisdictions
• Familiarity among agencies, investigators, and managers before a crisis occurs.
The mission of a JTTF is to leverage the collective resources of the member agencies for the prevention, preemption, deterrence, and investigation of terrorist acts that affect United States interests, to disrupt and prevent terrorist acts, and to apprehend individuals who may commit or plan to commit such acts. To further this mission, a JTTF serves as a means to facilitate information sharing among its members.
• As of January 2011, there are 104 JTTFs based nationwide, including at least one in each of the FBI’s 56 field offices.
• More than 600 state and local agencies participate in JTTFs nationwide. Federal representation includes representatives from the U.S.
Intelligence Community, the Departments of Homeland Security, Defense, Justice, Treasury, Transportation, Commerce, Energy, State, and Interior, among others.
The National Joint Terrorism Task Force (NJTTF) mission is to enhance communication, coordination, and cooperation between federal, state, and local government agencies representing the intelligence, law enforcement, defense, diplomatic, public safety, transportation, and homeland security communities by providing a point of fusion for terrorism
intelligence and by supporting the JTTFs throughout the United States.
• The NJTTF was established in July 2002 to serve as a coordinating mechanism with the FBI’s partners.
• Forty-nine agencies are represented in the NJTTF, which has become a focal point for information sharing and the management of large-scale projects that involve multiple partners.
Operational Support
The JTTFs conduct their work in advance of terror-based events. The analysis conducted is intended to discover and prevent acts of terrorism from reaching maturity and execution. During an event the JTTFs would continue to monitor and analyze information looking for follow-on acts and additional information defining the attack. Following an event, efforts would
transition to intelligence collection in support of criminal investigations and prosecution.
Authoritative Data
Data products developed by the JTTF would fall into classified and law enforcement sensitive environments. Only filtered information would be shared with the general emergency management community. Through representatives of the JTTF, information sharing would be established with the federal, state, and local communities supporting the aftermath of an event.
Specific Products
Products released from the JTTFs would include reports and filtered data. Anticipated products would be expected to include information on specific event details to include; impact details, immediate environmental safety issues, and any site closure details.
FEMA Integrated Public Alert and Warning System
Overview
Executive Order 13407 established as policy the requirement for the United States to have an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive system to alert and warn the American people. FEMA is designated within the Department of Homeland Security to implement this policy of the United States for a public alert and warning system as outlined in Executive Order 13407 and has established a program office to implement Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). FEMA and its federal partners, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the NOAA NWS, and the DHS Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), are working together to transform the national alert and warning system to enable rapid dissemination of authenticated Table 3–6: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program
Sub Category Theme Type POC
Event Impact
Evacuation REP Nuclear Evacuation Routes Polyline DHS/FEMA
Evacuation REP Relocation Areas Polygon DHS/FEMA
Event Location REP Modeled Plume Polygon DHS/FEMA
Man-Made Hazards Emergency Warning REP Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)
– Plume Exposure (10 miles) Polygon DHS/FEMA
Emergency Warning REP Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)
– Ingestion Pathway (50 miles) Polygon DHS/FEMA
PPD-8 Mission Areas
Team MembersGeoCONOPSRequirements & CapabilitiesPPD-8 Mission Areas
Disaster Oper
ationsCatastrophic DisastersAppendices
alert information over as many communications channels as possible.
During an emergency, alert and warning officials need to provide the public with lifesaving information quickly, regardless of what communications technologies they use. IPAWS is a modernization and integration of the nation’s alert and warning infrastructure, integrating new and existing public alert and warning systems and technologies from federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local governments. The system is intended to provide a broader range of message options and communications pathways for the delivery of alert and warning information to the American people before, during, and after a disaster.
Operational Support
In support of emergency incidents, IPAWS serves as the federal communication channel for emergency alerts and messaging. This information may originate with federal, state, and/or local government officials, reaching out to the citizens with urgent messages.
The system provides coverage to 90% of the
American public through broadcast stations [Primary Entry Points (PEP)] located throughout the country with a direct connection to resilient transmission capabilities. These stations provide the initial broadcast of a Presidential Emergency Alert System (EAS) message directly to any mobile device within range of particular cellular communications towers.
With the mission to provide integrated services and capabilities to local, state, and federal authorities that enable them to alert and warn their respective communities via multiple communications methods, the public can expect the expansion of alert notifications technologies through current technologies. This process will disseminate information quickly in an automated manner, allowing critical crisis management resources
to focus notification efforts on areas outside the messaging reach.
Authoritative Data
(see Table 3–7)
Specific Products
The Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) is one of the major components of the IPAWS.
The CMAS component will provide an interface to participating cellular mobile service providers for delivery of critical alert information to mobile devices in a danger zone. Specifically, the IPAWS CMAS capability will provide federal, state, territorial, tribal and local government officials the ability to send 90 character, geographically targeted text alerts to the public, warning of imminent threats to life and property. The cellular industry, the FCC, and DHS S&T are critical partners with FEMA in developing this new alerting capability. The initial requirements of the system were developed by an advisory committee established by the FCC in accordance with the Warning, Alert and Response Network (“WARN”) Act of 2006. The Commercial Mobile Service Alert Advisory Committee
(CMSAAC) conducted meetings during 2008 with findings published in three FCC Report and Order documents.
NOAA is developing the Geo-Targeted Alerting System (GTAS) in partnership with IPAWS for plume modeling and collaboration. GTAS will quickly estimate the affected area during a HAZMAT
incident using current weather conditions and allow for the rapid creation of a CAP message for public alerting. GTAS also provides collaboration tools for emergency managers to leverage the expertise of their supporting NWS Weather Forecast Office.
Fusion Centers
Overview
The Fusion Center is a dedicated element, run by the applicable state or local jurisdiction, that exchanges information and intelligence, maximizes resources, streamlines operations, and improves the ability to disrupt, prevent, respond to, and recover from all threats by analyzing data from a variety of sources.
This center is defined as a “collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provide resources, expertise, and information to the center with the goal of maximizing a center’s ability to detect, prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity.” They focus primarily on the intelligence and fusion processes through which information is gathered, integrated, evaluated, analyzed, and disseminated. State and major urban area fusion centers provide analysis and information-sharing capabilities that support the efforts of state and local law enforcement to prevent and investigate crime and terrorism. Fusion centers receive information from a variety of sources, including state and local tips and leads as well as federal information and intelligence. By “fusing” information from a wide variety of disciplines to conduct analysis, fusion centers generate products that are timely and relevant to their customers’ needs. This allows state and local Table 3–7: Authoritative Data – Protection Mission – FEMA Integrated Public Alert and Warning System
Sub Category Theme Type POC
Telecommunications
Broadcasting IPAWS Coverage Areas (Messaging Type) Polygon DHS/FEMA
Broadcasting Primary Entry Points (PEP) Point DHS/FEMA
PPD-8 Mission Areas
TeamMembersGeoCONOPS Requirements &Capabilities PPD-8 Mission Areas Disaster Operations CatastrophicDisastersAppendices
law enforcement to address immediate and emerging threat-related circumstances and events. It also supports risk-based, information-driven prevention, response, and consequence management.
• As of January 2011, there are 72 designated fusion centers (50 state and 22 major urban areas).
• Fusion centers are designed to involve every level and discipline of government, private-sector entities, and the public—though the level of involvement of some participants will vary.
• Fusion centers are state and locally owned and operated. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has a statutory program to support fusion centers.
Operational Support
The Fusion Centers interact directly with federal, state, and local law enforcement communities. With representation from many different government communities, information is pulled from their entities for collaborative analysis and information is then shared across all mission partners. The majority of their work is preformed prior to any event occurring.
Authoritative Data
The information shared by the fusion centers comes through various reports, predominately internal.
Specific Products
Information provided by the Fusion Centers
following an event would be minimal as the majority of Law Enforcement activities would be led by the appropriate authority. Products developed at this level would be distributed directly by the responsible parties.