CAPÍTULO 1. EL ASPECTO: DEFINICIÓN DE LA CATEGORÍA Y
1.7. Aspectualidad en la lengua china
1.7.1. La Aktionsart o aspecto léxico
An earthen structure, although occasionally complex (see preceding chapters, particularly the chapter on special structures), is generally one of the simplest structures to build.
Thus its user quality depends, more so than in other areas, on precision of command, preparation, site organization and the techniques of the various agents involved.
Again, more so than in other areas, quality control depends on the involvement of all concerned.
The formalism of the procedure, described below – and which could perhaps be summarized as “write down what we intend to do, do what we wrote down, write down what we did, check that we did well what we wrote down, and keep what we wrote” – is absolutely necessary and must be strictly observed.
Quality is a whole which is not just the production of documents (ESDQ, SOPAQ, PAQ, SDQ, etc.), but covers all the phases of studies for preparation of the project and execution of the works.
A good geotechnical survey, good adaptation of execution times to the periods to be observed in relation to regulatory procedures (classified facilities, etc.), thorough study of the project file by the contractor, and thorough site preparation are all factors that will contribute to superior quality on the ground.
Producing paper is not an end in itself, and is definitely no guarantee of quality.
For example, a quality organization note, the main feature of the contractor’s Quality Assurance Plan, may often be set out on three or four typed sheets if they provide a good definition of site organization (organization chart, the role of each person and particularly subcontractors, the means used, frequency and nature of checks, sensitive points and stoppage points, management of anomalies, and the first procedures required to start work).
However, this must be a living document which evolves along with the site to make organization of the site increasingly efficiency.
Quality is above all a state of mind and it is everyone’s business, at all times.
Without this continuous collective involvement of all those involved, the objective has little chance of being met.
Nom de la tâche Task name
1 PERIODE PREPARATOIRE PREPARATION PERIOD
2 Présentation du DCE et du dossier
géotechnique par le MOE Presentation of the DCE and the geotechnical file by PM
3 Reconnaissances complémentaires Further investigations 4 Projet de mouvement de terres Earth movement project
P r e a m b l e
O p e r a t i o n s t o b e c a r r i e d o u t b y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n m a n a g e r
N° Operations
Documents to be submitted and materialization
Production time Period for a response by the contractor
1 Plans for definition and longitudinal sections
Plans, longitudinal sections
On notification of the period of preparation
2
Data from computer calculations for definition of horizontal axes and longitudinal section
Listings of current section and restorations.
On notification of the period of preparation
3 Execution drawings (1) List of cross sections and
type cross sections On notification of the period of preparation
4 Plans of known networks Plans As above
5 Main precision traverse
line Situation plan
Posts Traversing
1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
6
Plan of land requirements Plans and listings of posts
Demarcation
On notification of the period of preparation
Possible remarks before the end of the period of
preparation
7 General pegging Plans, listings of singular
points and pegging 1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
Investigation report at the end of the period of preparation
8 Plans of safety equipment and provisional signing (1)
Operating report 1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
9
Provision of terrain, provision of land requirements.
Inventory drawn up jointly by all parties concerned.
Parcel plan, investigation report on demarcation with joint signature
1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
Drawing up the joint report by all parties concerned no later than at the end of the period of preparation
(1) Insofar as these execution documents, drawn up on the responsibility of the roads manager, are the responsibility of the construction manager
Operations to be carried out by the construction contractor
The period of preparation must be adapted in accordance with the size of the site and the specific studies to be carried out before any actual work begins. This period may commence:
• on notification of the contract (this solution is not recommended);
• with a specific service order (recommended solution, set out in the tables);
• with a service order for commencement of work when it is included in the period for execution.
The periods shown are for information purposes, and may be modulated in accordance with the size of the site and the nature and complexity of the work to be carried out.
N° Operations
Documents to be submitted and materialization
Production time
Maximum period for a response by the
contractor
1
Additional geotechnical
investigation Bores
Report, plans, test results 1 month 1.5 months after
notification of the period of preparation
7 days
(opinion of external check)
2
Earth movement project and topsoil movement plans
Plans, longitudinal sections, graph tables
End of the period of preparation and at least 15 days before the commencement of earthworks
15 days
(opinion of construction manager)
3 General work program Explanatory note
Schedule (1) 10 days before the end of
the period of preparation 10 days 4 Site facilities project Paper + Plans 10 days before the end of
the period of preparation
7 days
5
Proposal for origin and nature of materials for embankment, upper parts of earthworks, capping layer (3)
Papers, documentation,
samples, test results 1 month before the commencement of supplies for each of the parts of the structures concerned
15 days
(opinion of external check)
6
Studies of treatment of soils for
embankments/fills, upper parts of earthworks, capping layer (3)
Papers, formulation
studies, test results 1 month before commencement of treatment for each of the parts of the structures concerned
15 days
(opinion of external check)
7
Program for studies and submission of execution plans
Program 1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
Opinion of construction manager
In 15 days Note on general
organization 1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
15 days
(approval of construction manager)
Quality Assurance Plan for
Studies 15 days before the date
of the meeting for commencement of studies
7 days
(approval of construction manager)
8
Establishment of framework for Quality Assurance Plans and the Environmental Assurance Plan (PAE) (stoppage point)
P r e a m b l e
Operations to be carried out during the work stage
N° Operations
Documents to be submitted and materialization
Production time
Maximum period for a response by the
contractor
11
Breakdown of unit prices (with the exception of those submitted in the bid)
Breakdown End of the period of
preparation Not applicable, unless there is any inconsistency with the prices
specification
12
Declaration of intent to
commence work (DICT) Letters to services concerned (EDF
electricity supply agency, PTT postal service, drinking water supply agency, etc.)
15 days after notification of the period of
preparation
Not applicable
13
Operating reports for
traffic work (2) (3) Reports 2 months before commencement of work on the section considered
15 days (4) (acceptance by the construction manager following opinion by the roads manager)
14
Transport route Plans Diagrams
Notes, inventories drawn up jointly by all parties concerned
15 days before the end of the period of preparation
15 days (acceptance by the construction manager following opinion by the project owner of the routes used)
15
Provision of company
laboratory Certificate of calibration
of equipment 1 month after notification of the period of
preparation
15 days (acceptance by the construction manager)
16 Execution plans (2) 1 month before execution
of the part of the structure concerned
Approval 15 days after reception of the documents
(1) The “railway” diagram seems to be the most suitable for major earthworks.
(2) If left to the contractor (to be avoided in general). This document must be drawn up on the responsibility of the manager by the construction manager.
(3) Services to begin during the period of preparation, in due consideration of the periods required for their execution, and to be continued after the service order to start work.
(4) It should be noted that, for major routes, the CRIR requires a reply period of at least 6 weeks.
P r e a m b l e
Operations to be carried out during the work stage
N° Operations
Documents to be submitted and materialization
Production time
Maximum period for a response by the
contractor
1 Acceptance of
subcontractors 2.5 months before
commencement of work by subcontractors
21 days (acceptance is issued by the project owner)
2 Special subcontractor
document Special subcontractor
document 2 months before
commencement of work by subcontractors
2 months
3
Subcontractor Quality Assurance Plan
Report with special subcontractor document
In accordance with the work progress made, 30 days before their commencement
15 days for approval by the construction manager
4
Evolution of Quality Assurance Plan
New procedures, updating of procedures
In accordance with the work progress made, 30 days before execution
15 days for approval by the construction manager
5 Updating of the program
for execution Schedule Partial schedule every 15
days and every month for the general schedule
7 days for approval by the construction manager
6
Specific detailed programs, partial programs, site report graph
Schedules, plans, notes on specific stipulations
In general, every 15 days 7 days for approval by the construction manager
7
Updating of the financial program
Accounts schedule Every 3 months
Validation tests (stoppage point) including:
- acceptance of site shops Material description files 15 days before
commencement of each 3 days to lift stoppage point
8
- evaluation of the procedure for execution
Results of checks and report
The first day of execution 1 day to lift stoppage point
P r e a m b l e
Operations to be carried out during the work stage
N° Operations
Documents to be submitted and materialization
Production time
Maximum period for a response by the
contractor Check on work Daily monitoring reports,
report on tests, checks and daily updating of quality file
Every day
Identification of materials for embankments/fills or deposit, and materials for upper parts of earthworks
d i l
Results of tests and reports, adjustment of thicknesses of layers and (or) material
Every day
Q/S compaction Tachometer disks - report Every day
Bearing capacities in the main body of
b k /fill
Results of bearing
capacity tests See CCTP
Conformity of
subformation (stoppage point)
Results of measurement of bearing capacity Results of geometry check (topographical
di )
End of earthworks on section for reception, and at least 10 days before commencement of
i l
10 days to lift stoppage point
Conformity of capping
layer (stoppage point) Ditto subformation End of work on the
section considered 10 days to lift stoppage point
9
Conformity of geometry
of cuts (stoppage point) Cross sections 10 days before implementation of capping layer
10 days to lift stoppage point
10 Updating of earth
movement plans Plans, longitudinal
sections At least every 2 months
11
Implementation of axes before conformity report on capping layer
Listing
Pegging of axis
15 days before reception of capping layer
P r e a m b l e
Operations to be carried out on completion of work
N° Operations
Documents to be submitted and materialization
Production time
Maximum period for a response by the
contractor
1
Quality Assurance Plan
completed All items making up the
Quality Assurance Plan 2 months after report on pre-reception operations or after execution of structures
7 days for verification of the contents
2
Conformity of drawings with execution of the structure
All plans sent to the contractor by the construction manager in the contract file with updated site work, movement of earth carried out, and
execution plans drawn up by the contractor
Tracings, copies, digital supports, notes, reductions
2 months after report on pre-reception operations or after execution of structures
15 days for verification and any remarks