Mammals are vertebrates. They are viviparous animals. They come from their mother’s womb.
Baby mammals drink their mother’s milk, like this zebra.
Zebras are mammals. They have got four legs, a long neck and their skin is covered in black and white hair. Dogs and lions are also mammals.
Describe the birds.
Birds
Birds are vertebrates. They are oviparous animals. Their bodies are covered with feathers.
Storks are birds. They have got black and white feathers. They have also got two wings, two legs and a long beak.
Sparrows, ducks and eagles are birds.
Mammals. Birds
eagle sparrow oriole
• Show the students three photos of mammals and three photos of birds. Tell them the names of the animals. Ask the students to copy and complete the following chart in their notebooks:
Born from their mothers’ wombs 1. 2. 3.
Born from eggs 1.
2. 3.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Birds are oviparous animals that are born from eggs. Most birds make nests using twigs and leaves. They lay their eggs in the nests.
However, some birds such as swifts, which are similar to
swallows, make strange nests in the shape of a funnel. They
make their nests using mud. Other birds like cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds’ nests. This way they don’t have to go to the trouble of building their own.
The number of eggs laid by each type of bird varies. For example, penguins only lay one egg each time whereas ducks lay up to 15 eggs.
46
OBJECTIVES
• To distinguish the main characteristics of mammals and birds
• To identify some mammals and birds
ORDER OF ACTIVITIES
1. Read the text out loud
and ensure that the students understand all the words and the overall meaning of the text.
2. Look carefully at the pictures. 3. Discuss the pictures and the
text.
4. Read the instructions out loud
and ensure that
the students know what they should do.
5. Do the activities.
6. Discuss the results of the
activities with the whole class.
7. Read the paragraph at the
bottom of page 45 out loud.
The male or the female must sit on the eggs and incubate them so that the chicks can develop inside the eggs. They keep the eggs warm with their own bodies. This period of incubation may last from between 10 and 82 days depending on the species of bird. When the chicks are born, some birds leave the nest and follow their mother around looking for food.
However, other chicks stay in the nest for a time. The parents bring food to the chicks and give it to them in their beaks. When the chicks have grown enough the parents teach them how to fly. Once the chicks can fly they leave the nest and begin an
independent life.
UNIT 4
47
forty-seven
Which animals drink their mother’s milk? Tick the pictures.
Complete the sentences.
The , the ,
the and the are mammals.
Draw a bird. Label the picture.
Mammals come from their mother’s womb. Mammals drink their mother’s milk. Birds are vertebrates. They come from eggs and they have got feathers.
dog elephant pig
canary bee cow
•beak •feathers •wings •legs •head
ACTIVITIES
1 2 unit4
What have all these animals got in common? Tick the boxes.
feathers skin
four legs wings come from eggs bones
3
™ea∂
∫±a§
wingfi
ƒeat™erfi
¬egfi
(PICTURE)do@
pi@
e¬ephan†co∑
✓
✓
✓
✓✓
✓
✓
✓
• Divide the class into two groups. Say: I am going to call out the
names of mammals and birds. When I say the name of a mammal the first group must clap their hands and when I say the name of a bird the second group must clap their hands. Complicate the
activity by adding names of
animals that are neither mammals nor birds.
• Draw a flow chart on the board. Tell the students to copy it into their notebooks and complete it together with a partner.
• Write the names of the following animals and their young in two columns on the board. Tell the students to copy the columns into the notebooks and match the babies to the animals.
Calf Sheep Kitten Lion Puppy Cow Cub Bird Chick Dog Lamb Cat
Multidisciplinary link. Language
Teach the students the following tongue twister. Ask them to say it faster and faster each time.
Yellow lions lying in the long grass.
Examples Characteristics BIRDS Examples Characteristics MAMMALS
Resources for the teacher
Reinforcement and extension: Reinforcement sheet 4. (See pp. VI-VII)
48
forty-eight
48
Amphibians
Frogs, toads and salamanders are vertebrates. They are amphibians.
Frogs, toads and salamanders have not got any fur. They live in wet places. They live where there is water. All amphibians start their life in the water. The females lay eggs in ponds and rivers. Tadpoles come
from eggs. They look like fish. Tadpoles live in water. They can swim.
Tadpoles change slowly. They grow legs. Then the second part of their life begins. They come out of the water and live on the land.
Tick the correct sentence.
Amphibians are vertebrates. They have not got any fur. They are born in the water and then they live on the land.
Amphibians are vertebrates. They always live in the water. Write the names of three amphibians.
Where can you find a toad or a frog?
LEARNING TO READ
1
2
3
✓
Frogfi, toadfi an∂ salaman∂erfi.
I> å ∑±† pla©æ. Nea® wa†e®.
• After you have read the text out loud ask the students the following questions about amphibians:
– Do amphibians have feathers, fur
or skin?
– Are they vertebrates or invertebrates? Why? – Are they oviparous? Why? – Where do amphibians live? – What would happen to the
tadpole if we took it out of the water for a long time?
Multidisciplinary link. Gym
Tell the students to do the following physical activities.
• Walk like frogs while I mark out a rhythm on the tambourine.
• Crawl like snakes while I mark
out a rhythm on the triangle.
• Do a relay race in teams. You have to hop like frogs.
LEARNING TO READ
Text type: descriptive text
This is a descriptive text which describes the main characteristics of amphibians.
48
OBJECTIVES
• To develop reading with understanding through a descriptive text • To identify the main
characteristics of amphibians • To recognise some
amphibians
ORDER OF ACTIVITIES
1. Read the text out loud. 2. Ensure that the students
understand all the words and the overall meaning of the text.
3. Do the activities.
■
Teaching suggestions
Activity Strategy
1 Identifying explicit details in a text 2 Applying information to new contexts
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Whales
Whales are mammals that live in the sea. Their hearts are the same size as a small car and their bodies are covered in a layer of fat. They eat plankton or other sea creatures. They usually have one baby at a time and the young feed on their mothers’ milk for about seven months.
Whales can stay under the water for quite a long time and when they come to the surface they blow out a stream of hot water through orifices located on their heads.
Whales have been hunted for years and prized for their fat. This is why they are in danger of extinction.
UNIT 4
49
forty-nine