LAS HORMONAS, EL SUEÑO Y LA RESPIRACIÓN
LAS ALTERACIONES ENDOCRINAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL SÍNDROME DE APNEA
*
*
*
* Indicates a significant difference at the 99% level 23%
A minimum of 12 months disqualification Same as drink driving
Points on driving licence
Up to 6 months in prison
A fine of up to £5000
Verbal warning
A driving ban (no detail)
None
A non-specific fine (23%), a 12 month disqualification (20%), and points on the driving licence (14%) were the penalties respondents were most likely to think a driver would receive if convicted for driving after taking drugs. At the post-stage, there was a significant increase in mentions that the current penalty for drug driving is the same as for drink driving (18% up from 10% at the pre-stage) which is encouraging given it is a campaign message.
As at the pre-stage, less than one in ten respondents mentioned that a fine of up to £5,000 can be incurred (6%). One in five respondents did not know what the current penalty for drug driving is, although this has decreased significantly from the pre-stage.
There were no significant differences amongst sub-groups on awareness of the current penalties if convicted for driving after taking recreational drugs.
7.3 Consequences of being caught driving after taking recreational drugs Beyond the penalties that can be levied on a person convicted of driving after taking recreational drugs, there are numerous other consequences to be considered if caught driving under the influence. Given the scenario of someone being caught driving after taking recreational drugs, respondents were asked how likely each of a series of consequences would be. The results are presented in Chart 7c.
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 48
Chart 7c: Likelihood of each consequence happening
39 36
July Sept July Sept July Sept July Sept July Sept
Base: All adults July 09 (2048), Sept 09 (1991)
*
* Indicates a significant difference at the 99% level
Seven in ten or more adults believe that each of the consequences shown in Chart 7c was at least fairly likely, a slight decrease in the proportion who believed each consequence was likely at the pre-stage. The largest difference was in the proportion that believed each consequence to be very likely. Seven in ten respondents agreed it was very likely that insurance costs would increase (69%) and while six in ten felt that the driver would very likely get a criminal record (57%), this has decreased significantly from the pre-stage despite being highlighted in campaign communications. Just over half (54%) felt it was very likely the drivers‟ family or partner would be disappointed, while fewer than half of all respondents thought it was very likely the driver would get a 12 month driving ban (48%). A third believed it was very likely that it would likely be harder to get or keep a job after a drug drive conviction (36%).
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Chart 7d: Likelihood of each consequence happening
19 20
getting a visa for some countries
Base: All adults July 09 (2048), Sept 09 (1991) Sept
July July Sept July Sept July Sept July Sept July Sept
*
* Indicates a significant difference at the 99% level
Over seven in ten acknowledged that the driver may have trouble getting a visa to visit another country if convicted of drug driving (73%), but the levels of belief in other consequences were much lower. While half of respondents considered it likely that the driver would experience a dramatic lifestyle change (55%), there has been a significant decrease since the pre-stage in the proportion who thought this is a very likely consequence (26%). The threat of a long-term record of the conviction on one‟s driving license (57%), a fine of up to £5,000 (51%) or a prison sentence (51%) are all considered likely by around half of respondents.
Fewer than half think it is likely the driver would have to sell their car (47%).
Those respondents who indicated they know someone who has driven after taking recreational drugs were asked to consider the scenario of themselves as a driver being caught driving after taking recreational drugs and asked to identify which consequences they would be most likely to worry about happening. The results are presented in Chart 7e.
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 50
Chart 7e: Worry about each consequence happening
41%
Being given up to 6 months imprisonment 38%
Criminal record Being given a 12 month driving ban My family/partner would be disappointed Being given up to £5000 fine It would be harder to keep a job Conviction would stay on licence for 11 years Lifestyle would change dramatically My insurance would increase Trouble getting visa for some countries Would have to sell car
Don't Know Other
Sep-09 Jul-09
Base: All respondents who kno w someone who drives after taking recreational drugs July 09 (272), Sept 09 (200)
The threat of 6 months imprisonment and of getting a criminal record were the two greatest worries overall, with four in ten respondents indicating each as a key consequence to them personally. A third worried about a 12 month driving ban (35%). Around a third worried about each of: disappointing a partner or family (33%), receiving a £5000 fine (30%) or their ability to keep a job (29%), while a quarter of adults worried about a conviction staying on their license for 11 years (24%) or a dramatic change in their lifestyle (21%). Fewer were worried about the risk of rising insurance rates (17%), experiencing trouble getting a visa to visit some other countries (14%) or the prospect of having to sell their car (14%). Since the pre-stage, there have been no significant increases in the proportion of adults who are worried about each of these consequences.
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 51
APPENDIX A: Sample Profile
Driving status
In order to identify drivers, all respondents were asked whether they drove a car, van or motorcycle at least once a month.
Chart A1: Driving status
59%
7%
4%
1%
1%
31%
Yes - car/van mainly for leisure use
Yes - car/van equally for work/leisure use
Yes- car/van mainly for work use
Yes - motorbike mainly for leisure use
Yes - motorbike equally for work/leisure use
Yes - motorbike for work/business use
No, don't drive nowadays
Sep-09
Base: All adults Sept 09 (1991)
Over half (59%) of all respondents drove a car or van mainly for leisure use. Just under one in ten (7%) used a car or van equally for work and leisure use, and 4% drove a car or van mainly for work.
Men were more likely than women to be drivers (car/van drivers) with 72% of men driving compared with 64% of women, as were those in the higher social grades (77% of ABC1s drove, compared with 57% of C2DEs).
Amongst young people aged 17-34 years old, half drove a car or van mainly for leisure (49%), around one in twenty (5%) drove a car or van equally for work and leisure use and a further 3% drove a car or van mainly for work. Four in ten did not drive at all (42%).
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APPENDIX B – Sampling Method
The sampling technique used in this survey is a tightly controlled form of random location sampling developed within BMRB, and is the basis of most consumer surveys which BMRB conducts.
The aim of random location sampling is to eliminate the more unsatisfactory features of quota sampling without incurring the cost and other penalties involved in conducting surveys according to strict probability methods.
One of the principal advantages of probability techniques of sampling is that selection of respondents is taken from the hands of interviewers. In conventional quota sampling, on the other hand, interviewers are given quotas to fill, usually from within specified administrative areas. When, for example, an interviewer is asked to complete a quota of AB respondents, she will tend to go to a part of the district where she knows such individuals to be available. AB individuals living in mixed social class areas will have little chance of inclusion. This and similar defects lead to biases which are concealed by superficial agreements between sample profiles and accepted standard statistics.
The principal distinguishing characteristic of random location sampling, as operated by BMRB, is that interviewers are given very little choice in the selection of respondents. Respondents are drawn from a small set of homogenous streets, selected with probability proportional to population after stratification by their ACORN characteristics and region. Quotas are set in terms of characteristics which are known to have a bearing on individuals' probabilities of being at home and so available for interview. Rules are given which govern the distribution, spacing and timing of interviews.
The sample of areas takes as its universe all sample units (groups of Census 2001 Output Areas, on average, 300 households) in Great Britain. Output areas are stratified in the following manner:
(i) Standard Region
(ii) Within Standard Region - by Acorn type
(iii) Within Standard Region by County and ITV Region
Thus, the design is single stage, using direct selection of appropriate groups of Output areas, rather than taking streets at random from larger units such as wards or parishes.
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APPENDIX C: Weighting Procedures
The data are weighted to ensure that demographic profiles match those for all adults in Great Britain aged 15 or over. A rim weighting technique is used in which target profiles are set for eight separate demographic variables. The computer system then allocates a weight to each individual such that the overall composition of the sample is balanced in terms of the targets set.
The actual weights applied thus vary slightly between surveys; precise figures for specific cases are available from BMRB if required.
Target Weights Applied
Sex 1
%
Men 48.55
Women without children 32.65
Women with children 18.80
Sex 2
%
Men working full time 25.63
Men not working full time 22.92
Women working at all 24.08
Women not working at all 27.37
Age within Sex
Men Women
% %
15-24 8.16 7.77
25-34 7.77 7.81
35-44 9.19 9.37
45-54 7.85 8.02
55-64 7.10 7.37
65+ 8.49 11.10
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 54
Social Grade within Sex
Men Women
% %
AB 13.51 12.49
C1 13.44 15.91
C2 11.04 9.44
D 7.55 8.48
E 3.01 5.13
Standard Region
%
Scotland 8.68
North West 10.79
North 5.24
Yorkshire/Humberside 8.65
East Midlands 7.37
East Anglia 3.95
South East 19.52
Greater London 12.84
South West 8.80
Wales 5.08
West Midlands 9.08
(Source of profile data: BMRB Target Group Index, 2007 and NRS, 2007)
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 55
APPENDIX D: Questionnaire
QUESTION
Do you drive a car, van or motorcycle nowadays, at least once a month?
Yes, a car or van mainly for leisure/personal use Yes, a motorcycle mainly for leisure/personal use Yes, a car or van for work/business use
Yes, a motorcycle for work/business use Yes, a car or van equally for leisure/work use Yes, a motorcycle equally for leisure/work use No, don’t drive nowadays
DON’T KNOW
Thinking about road safety, which one of the following issues do you consider to be the MOST important issue that the Government should address to improve road safety?
SHOW SCREEN – CODE FIRST MENTION ONLY Drink driving
Drug driving Speeding
Use of mobile phones Not wearing seatbelts Not using child restraints Drivers not fully concentrating Child road awareness Driving while tired
How seriously do you think the government is taking the following issues…
VERY SERIOUSLY FAIRLY SERIOUSLY NOT VERY SERIOUSLY NOT AT ALL SERIOUSLY DON’T KNOW
READ OUT - LIST ON RANDOM ROTATION Drink driving
Drug driving Driving when too tired
Using a mobile phone whilst driving Road-rage
Do you know anyone who does any of the following nowadays? Please just read out the letters that apply.
[RESPONDENT TO BE SHOWN LETTER CARD]
A – Drive over the speed limit
B – Drive when over the legal alcohol limit
C - Don’t use seatbelts while sitting in the front of the car
D – Drive after taking recreational drugs such as cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy … E – Drive without insurance / MOT
F – Drive too fast for the conditions G – Use a mobile phone to text whilst driving H – None of the above
DON’T KNOW
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 56 Can I just check, have you seen or heard anything about taking drugs and driving in any of these ways?
01: National newspaper 02: Local newspaper 03: TV advert 04: TV plays\soaps 05: TV news
06: Other TV programmes 07: Radio advert
08: Radio programme
09: Radio DJ’s talking about it 10: Magazine
11: Cinema 12: Poster on bus 13: Poster hoarding
14: Poster in London tube stations 15: Indoor poster
16: Signs at garages\service areas 17: Road signs
18: Through the internet\a website (e.g. Youtube)
19: Through Social Networking sites (e.g. Bebo, Facebook) 20: Leaflet\booklet picked up
21: In the post\through the letterbox 22: At school
23: In the pub\clubs 24: Festivals 25: On backs of lorries 26. Posters in pub toilets 27: Other (specify) NONE OF THESE DON’T KNOW
What do you remember about the publicity and advertising for taking drugs and driving?
PROBE: What else?
PROBE FULLY DON’T KNOW
OPEN ENDED – FULLY RECORD VERBATIM
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 57 INTERVIEWER: PLEASE TURN SCREEN AWAY FROM RESPONDENT
SHUFFLE PACK OF CARDS AND HAND TO RESPONDENT WITH SORTING BOARD
On these cards are things which may affect a person’s ability to drive. Could you please sort them onto this board to show how much impact you think each has on a person’s ability to drive?
WAIT UNTIL THE RESPONDENT HAS FINISHED SORTING, THEN ASK THEM TO READ OUT THE CARD LETTERS IN EACH SECTION AND CODE IN THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
a) ENTER THE LETTERS OF THE THINGS WHICH RESPONDENT THINKS HAVE A SEVERE IMPACT ON SOMEONE’S ABILITY TO DRIVE
A. Heroin SOMEONE’S ABILITY TO DRIVE
A. Heroin SOMEONE’S ABILITY TO DRIVE
A. Heroin
How likely do you think someone who drives after taking recreational drugs would get stopped by the police?
VERY LIKELY SOMEWHAT LIKELY NOT VERY LIKELY NOT AT ALL LIKELY DON’T KNOW
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 58 How easy do you think it is for the police to spot a driver who has taken recreational drugs?
VERY EASY FAIRLY EASY NOT VERY EASY THEY CANNOT TELL DON’T KNOW
If stopped, how easy do you think it is for the police to tell if someone has taken recreational drugs?
VERY EASY (GO TO Q7) FAIRLY EASY (GO TO Q7) NOT VERY EASY (GO TO Q7) THEY CANNOT TELL (GO TO Q8) DON’T KNOW (GO TO Q7)
If stopped, how do you think the police would be able to tell if someone has taken recreational drugs?
OPEN
What do you think the current penalty is if convicted for driving after taking recreational drugs?
DO NOT READ OUT DO NOT SHOW SCREEN RANDOMISE ORDER
Verbal warning Written warning Fine (general mention) A fine of up to £5000
A minimum of 12 months' disqualification Points on driving licence
Up to 6 months in prison
Same as Drink Driving (unspecified) Same as for drug possession There is no penalty
Other (specify) DON’T KNOW
If someone were to be caught driving after taking recreational drugs, how likely do you think it would be that each of the following would happen?
VERY LIKELY Given a 12 month driving ban Given up to 6 months imprisonment Get a criminal record
It would be harder to get a job or keep a job Their insurance cost would increase
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 59 They would have to sell their car
Their family/partner would be disappointed Their lifestyle would change dramatically
Their drug driving conviction would be recorded on their driving licence for 11 years They may have trouble getting a visa for some countries
Imagine you were to be caught driving after taking recreational drugs, which of the following would you be most likely to worry about happening?
RANDOMISE ORDER Being given up to a £5000 fine Being given a 12 month driving ban Being given up to 6 months imprisonment Getting a criminal record
It would be harder to get a job or keep a job My insurance cost would increase
I would have to sell my car
My family/partner would be disappointed My lifestyle would change dramatically
My drug driving conviction would be recorded on my driving licence for 11 years I may have trouble getting a visa for some countries
Other (specify) DON’T KNOW
[TO BE READ ALLOWED BY INTERVIEWER]
In the following questions we will be talking about advertising specifically.
SHOW ‘EYES’ TV AD (30 SECS)
Have you seen this advertisement on TV?
Yes No
DON’T KNOW
What do you think was the main message of the advertising which I have just played to you?
OPEN DON’T KNOW
Here are some things that other people have said about the advert I have just shown to you. Which of these do YOU personally feel about the advert? Please mention all that you agree with.
RANDOMISE ORDER 01: It told me something new 02: I'm tired of seeing it
03: It would make people think twice about driving after taking recreational drugs 04: It's aimed at people like me
05: I found it confusing 06: I found it irritating
07: It made me realise that Cannabis can effect your ability to drive as much as drugs like Ecstasy and Cocaine 08: It sticks in my mind
09: It would prompt me to talk to my friends about the issue of driving after taking recreational drugs 10: I like this ad
11: It would make drug drivers worry about the effect that drugs have on their eyes
12: It made me think about the impact that taking drugs and driving could have on my lifestyle 13: It made me think drug driving is a serious issue
14: It made me realise that drugs have an impact on a person’s ability to drive
15: It made me realise that driving after taking recreational drugs has the same penalties as drink driving NONE OF THESE
DON’T KNOW
SHOW POSTER / PRESS AD ‘EYES’
Have you seen any of these posters recently?
TNS-BMRB Report THINK! Post Drug Drive „Eyes‟ - October 2009 60 Yes
No
DON’T KNOW
What do you think was the main message of the advertising which I have just shown to you?
OPEN DON’T KNOW
SHOW ONLINE AD ‘XXXX’
Have you seen this ad on the internet recently?
Yes No
DON’T KNOW
How often do you listen to commercial radio stations? By that I mean radio stations that play adverts.
Do not listen to commercial radio Less than 5 hours a week 5-15 hours a week More than 15 hours a week DON’T KNOW