I am grateful to the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) for granting research permits for this study and for allowing me access to the wildlife population census data used in this analysis. Free entry permits into the protected areas were given by Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA), the Wildlife Division (WD) and Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA). Data collection in Serengeti was assisted by Neema Mwaja, Likimboivoi Meleji, Twalibu Johnson, Hilary Matemu, and many park rangers working in the four protected areas. Research funds were provided by WWF-grant # SS22, and the British Ecological Society -grant-# 5645-6689, and small grants from Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and Fresno Chaffee zoo and Wildlife Conservation Fund.
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