Análisis de la estructura de edades poblacional

9.3.4.2 Special Sample. Special samples are submitted for testing because the quality of the fuel is suspect either as the result of aircraft malfunctions or for other reasons. Special samples have the highest priority in handling, testing, and reporting.

9.3.5 Shipping Instructions. Samples are to be forwarded to appropriate testing laboratories by the most expeditious means. A listing of military petro- leum laboratories is included in MIL-HDBK-844(AS). Wherever feasible, samples shall be delivered directly to the laboratory by special courier.

Samples to be shipped by military aircraft shall be packed in accordance with the requirements of the manual on Packaging and Handling of Dangerous Materials for Transportation by Military Aircraft (AFM 7l-4/TM 38-25O/NAVWEPS 15-03-500/MCO P4030.19). The sampling kit listed in paragraph 9.3.2

above meets these requirements.

New sample bottle caps shall be used for all samples in this sample kit.

9.4 FUEL LABORATORY, TEST EQUIPMENT, AND METHODS

9.4.1 Laboratory. Each activity that refuels air- craft shall have a designated laboratory where in-house inspections and tests can be performed in a clean, safe environment. Paragraph 11.10.5 contains the minimum requirements for a fuel laboratory.

Laboratories with a broader mission and more extensive testing capability will be configured to handle the quantities and types of materials that can be expected to be encountered in such an operation.

9.4.2 Testing Equipment. The following test equipment is authorized for the in-house testing of fuel samples:

1. Combined Contaminated Fuel Detector (CCFD). This instrument is used to analyze the particulate contamination in a sample of fuel. Currently, the only CFD being procured is the CCFD, NSN 6640-01-013-5279, which includes a built-in

FWD Viewer Kit. The regular CFD, NSN 6630-00-706-2302, is still available and may be used; kits are available to convert to a CCFD by adding a FWD portion as part of an upgrade/ repair. Additional materials needed to conduct tests:

a. Filter Element, Fluid, 0.65 micron — NSN 6630-00-877-3157

b. Filter, Wratten — NSN 6630-00-849-5288

Note

D Currently the only authorized (I-level)

conversion/repair activity is Ships Inter- mediate Maintenance Activity (SIMA). Requests for conversion/repair of CCFD units should be forwarded to Command- ing Officer, Ships Intermediate Mainte- nance Activity, Readiness Support Group, Naval Station Norfolk, VA with work request deficiency documentation and DD Form 1149 funding documenta- tion for necessary conversion/repair parts.

D Shore Activities may use the gravimetric

procedure specified in ASTM D 2276 as an alternate method of measuring partic- ulate contamination. Consult the ASTM test method for details on the equipment and materials needed to perform this test. 2. Viewer Kit, Free-Water Detector (FWD) (NSN

6640-00-999-2786). This instrument is used to determine the free-water content of aviation fuels. Additional materials needed to conduct tests:

a. Detector Pad, Free Water — NSN 6640-00- 999-2785

b. Standard, Free Water — NSN 6640-00-999- 2784

Note

Since free-water standards deteriorate with exposure to ultraviolet light, they shall be changed and dated every 180 days.

3. The B/2 Anti-Icing Test Kit or FSII Refractome- ter, NSN 6630-01-165-7133. This device is used to determine the FSII content of aviation fuels. 4. API Hydrometers and a 1,000-ml clear, plastic, or

glass graduated cylinder. These shall be used to determine the specific API gravity of the fuel.

a. Hydrometer, graduate 29- to 41-degree range, JP-5/8, NSN 6630-00-242-9258

b. Hydrometer, graduate 39- to 51-degree range, JP-5/8, NSN 6630-00-245-8376

c. Hydrometer, graduate 49- to 61-degree range, JP-4 and MOGAS, NSN 6630-00- 245-8377 d. Hydrometer, graduate 59- to 71-degree range, JP-4 and MOGAS, NSN 6630-00- 245-8374 5. Flash Point Test Equipment. This equipment is used to determine the flash point of a fuel sample. It is absolutely essential that all activities possess one of the following instruments, since any fuel removed from an aircraft and destined for storage must have its flash point tested in order to determine its disposition.

a. Pensky-Martens closed cup flash point tester, NSN 6630-00-530-0987. (This equipment requires use of a propane cylinder.)

b. Electronic flash point tester (NAVI- FLASH), NSN 6625–01–472–6783. (Re- quires N-Dodecane for calibration.)

c. N-Dodecane Calibration Standard, NSN 6810-01-419-2677 (for use with electronic flashpoint tester).

9.4.3 Test Methods. Instructions for performing the appearance or visual test, the backbone of any fuel quality surveillance program, are contained in para- graph 9.5.1. General instructions and procedures for conducting tests with the equipment listed in paragraph 9.4.2 are contained in MIL-HDBK-844(AS). Specific, detailed instructions, however, are contained in the operating manuals provided with each test instrument at the time of procurement. Replacement copies of these manuals maybe obtained from NAVAIR AIR-4.4.5.

9.5 INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS

To be acceptable for delivery to aircraft, aviation fuel must be clear and bright and contain no visually detectable free water.

Personnel fueling aircraft shall cease fueling operations immediately upon detecting any departure from acceptable criteria and in- form the pilot, maintenance officer, or other designated person in charge as to the condi- tion of the fuel delivered. Failure to identify and stop refueling operation can lead to loss of aircraft, pilot, and crew.

When off-specification fuel is identified, the refuel- ing truck or other source of fuel will be placed out-of-service pending investigation and any corrective action that may result. The pilot, maintenance officer or other person in charge, when notified that doubtful or contaminated fuel has been delivered to an aircraft, will take action to determine whether the aircraft should be defueled and cleaned.

9.5.1 Appearance (Visual Test). The test shall be conducted using a round, transparent, glass bottle, 1 quart to 1 gallon in size. The bottle shall be clean. The sample is first visually inspected for color and presence of foreign matter. The sample shall then be swirled to form a vortex. Particles coarse enough to settle will collect as sediment on the bottom of the bottle directly beneath the vortex.

A passing sample shall be “clear and bright,” which means free of any cloud, emulsion, or readily visible particulate matter. The color should be clear and colorless to straw-yellow. When any appreciable con- tamination is found, the test shall be repeated, paying particular attention to cleaning and rinsing the container prior to sampling. Also, if there is any question as to the quality of the fuel, both particulate and water measure- ments must be made using the CCFD and the FWD.

9.5.2 Particulates. Solid contaminants (rust and