Transformaciones y teselaciones
6.5 Análisis de propiedades
A further question asked of all interviewees was in relation to what they considered were barriers to travel between Australia. The responses fell into some very clear themes in relation to both
Australians travelling to China and Chinese travelling to Australia.
First, Brian and Matthew, as expats, identified that Australian visitors were slightly fearful of visiting China due to language and information barriers. Matthew mentioned, for example, that at least some of his visitors would have been unlikely to come to China without him being there. He recounted an Australian friend saying, ’...I wouldn’t really go there [to China] but with you there, I know someone safe so I’ll come over...you can help us...’ Brian, similarly, was also tentative about going to China initially and had to be convinced that he could enjoy living in Beijing despite not being fluent in Mandarin. The barrier highlighted by both interviewees was that Australians are often fearful of coming to China due to language barriers and a lack of knowledge about how to manage travelling. Julie also highlighted the extent to which Australians ‘...have no idea about China, to be honest, even though China is growing.’ This is a barrier to Australia visitors and one that is eased by having a contact in China.
A further issue raised as a barrier to travel by Australians to China, and from China to Australia, was the complicated, expensive and bureaucratic visa processes. This was a problem identified by several of the interviewees.
The key barriers highlighted by all interviewees, however, related to time and distance. Finding the time to go to Australia was a key issue due to the combined impact of the distance to Australia, lack of direct flights from most places in China, and the relatively short periods of annual leave available to Chinese citizens. As William commented, it was typical to be entitled to five days of annual leave, ‘...in a good company.’ As a recent returnee from Australia, Cathryn said that, she
…has to get familiar with the environment with China which makes me very busy and I hardly have the time to travel back to Australia or keep regular connections with my friends in Australia.
Several of the interviewees commented that, in order to find the time, they would have to combine public holidays and any annual leave in order to make it feasible to travel to Australia. Even then, it is difficult to travel any distance in Australia after arrival. The lack of time is compounded by a lack of direct flights from most cities in China. From Beijing, for example, it is a minimum of two flights to get to Australia.
The cost of travel to Australia was not particularly highlighted as a barrier. However, there was a perception that Australia did not represent the value that it once did due to the strong dollar and the growing popularity of closer tourist destinations such as Bali, the Philippines and Malaysia. As Jenny commented,
...it’s closer, like three or four hours away. It’s not really that far. Australia – you need to take a minimum ten hours direct flight to be there and the cost will be a lot more expensive.
Language barriers were also not raised by the interviewees, unsurprisingly, since participants were all fluent in English. There were, however, several comments that highlighted age as a barrier for travel to Australia. One was the perception that, while Australia is perceived as a good place to ‘relax’ and enjoy the environment, this was not appealing to young people who are ambitious and adventurous. William, for example, thinks that when he was in Australia he became too relaxed, which slowed his career progress. He said that in China there is always someone to push you to do better. ‘So, I want to live life with my lifestyle in my young age and get more lifestyle in Australia when I get old and when I’m retired.' Julie made a similar comment,
...the down side in Australia – there is not much happening for young people. That’s why a lot of young people leave Australia and come to China – I think that’s what happens.
At the same time, the perceived barriers for older Chinese people were language, food and cultural differences. Julie, for example, said that for her parents' generation, the barriers were, ‘First, is the language, for sure, and secondly I think food, because they love their Chinese food. They do not like to eat Western food.’ Jessica also talked about her mother, who at 72 years old did not trust the information she received about travelling in Australia. There is limited information that she could access in Chinese, and when she did it was often dated which made her mistrustful of the advice. Such comments suggest two very different cohorts of travellers, each with different issues in relation to Australian travel.
Overall, the barriers to travel to Australia from China were perceived as a lack of time compounded by a lack of direct flight options. Cost was mentioned as a barrier for a few. A further issue is that Australia might not be ‘dynamic’ enough for many young Chinese.