ANÁLISIS DE REQUISITOS FUNCIONALES Y NO FUNCIONALES

The battle management system is an overall system which interconnects all the warriors in a C2_{-environment. In the produced papers (P1 to P7), BMS can be understood as the overall}

network structure with which each described system is communicating and interfacing. BMS is a system used to combine all the sensors, entities and devices into a higher echelon. BMS enables processes of C2 _{to be executed in a battlespace.}

BMS provides tactical C4_I2_{SR from battle group headquarters down to the level of dismounted}

warriors. Typically, the system comprises a component-based suite of applications. Figure 19 displays the networks connecting the battle management systems among different users. A BMS consists of different types of sensors, users, interfaces, and connectors.

A BMS is used in military operations to fulfill a given commander’s intent. At the level of an FFW, the individual elements of BMS consist of vehicular mounted and man-portable units, connected to the higher echelons by means of existing Combat Net Radio -systems. The BMS has been embedded in the C2_{-systems to provide the overall capability to execute}

the tasks with maximum efficiency. Figure 20 depicts this system utilized in a battlespace.

As for the composition of the BMS and its interfaces, a soldier-level system comprises diffe- rent devices and subsystems embedded in warrior gear. Warrior gear features a system of its own, in which devices are connected together to enhance each warrior’s SA. The soldier-born systems are typically portable and ruggedized.

An FFW’s squad is connected to a battle vehicle of a designated type, for example, an armored personnel carrier, a lorry, or a truck. This vehicle functions as a hub and mother-station to the squad. The squad uses the vehicle as a mobile weapon station and communication center and a link or a relay-station. This vehicle transmits the collected data to the headquarters for analyzing purposes. The vehicle forwards the commands to the squad via existing network- systems. Figure 21 indicates different interfaces between individual dismounted warrior systems, mobile battle management systems, and fixed systems of command posts.

A BMS can be embedded in the gear of an individual soldier, or as part of a C2_{-system of a}

combat vehicle. When embedded in armored fighting vehicles, or infantry combat suits, BMS become the basic level of the tactical C4_I2_{SR-network. BMS commonly relies on information}

collectively gathered by the unit’s elements. Specific targets are marked on the BMS displays, providing clear and specific SA to each combat team, allocating tasks and coordinating fire and maneuver over a large area, without the need for visual coordination. In Figure 22 BMS is depicted as a warrior-mounted system.

Figure 21. Different interfaces between dismounted soldier-systems, battle management systems, and command posts.

BMS relies on a comprehensive language between the machines and interfaces used, Batt- lefield Management Language. The objective of BML is to act as an enabler to describe a commander’s intent to be understood by both live forces and automated systems for simu- lated and real world operations see [126]. As described in [126], BML can be used for the interaction between C2 _{systems and simulation systems. The resulting language is intended to}

be applicable in simulation systems and also in operational C2_{-systems and robotic systems.}

Figure 23 indicates the communication systems between soldier systems and smartphones.

Over a number of years, considerable efforts have been made to develop mechanisms to provide interoperability between C2_{-systems and simulations. Initially, these efforts were}

predominantly driven by the need to reduce the costs associated with inputting data into simulations that supported C2 _{training. The development of digitized C}2 _{systems and the op-}

portunity to utilize modeling and simulation tools for courses of action and mission rehearsal and work on robotic forces have meant that there is an increased demand for interoperability across training systems.

A BMS can contain different types of displays capable of exporting battlefield geometry overlays, digital and scanned maps and route navigation. A BMS may also contain a fire support system including fire support from a single gun up to artillery unit resources, such as an artillery regiment.

A BMS represents an overall system which interconnects all the warriors in a C2_{-cycle. Since}

BMS is connected to various entities, the functioning becomes sensitive to failures and may malfunction. The energy flow has to be constant to enable the functionality of the systems as is the case with the challenges concerning connectivity. If a system malfunctions, old-fashioned manual tools (maps, telephones, radios) and other systems based on voice-commands need to be taken into active use to replace the lost functionality of the described BMS.

When everything functions as planned, a BMS can be viewed as a system used to combine all the sensors, entities and devices into a higher echelon. A BMS enables the processes of C2

to be executed in a battlespace. BML can be used in the interaction between C2 _{systems and}

in tools for course of action planning and analysis. When BPs are embedded together with the assistance of an appropriate Scheduler, a graphic user interface of an FFW may appear in the form depicted in Figure 24.