ANÁLISIS DEL PROGRAMA DE PREVENCIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES BUCALES

Age is a continuous variable reflecting the actual age of each male and female household head. In this study, where there were two household heads, the average of their ages was used to give the “household age”; where there was only one household head, that person’s age was used.

3.4.4.2 Gender

Gender is a categorical variable that reflects who completed the

questionnaire: Male head only (1), Female head only (2), Both male and female

household head (3), and Another person (4). This variable reflects the gender of

the person (s) completing the questionnaire. While responses to questions related to the dependent variables reflect the household, many questions related to independent variables reflect respondents’ agreement or disagreement. For example, “how much you agree or disagree with the following statements by

circling the number that comes closest to describing how you feel.” Given the

gender differences noted in Chapter 2, it is important to control for response differences due to the gender of the respondent.

3.4.4.3 Marital Status

Marital status is a categorical variable: Single (1), Divorced (2), Separated

(3), Widowed (4), Married (5), and Living together but not married (6).

3.4.4.4 Number of Dependent Children

This is a continuous variable reflecting the number of dependent children within a respondent’s household.

Independent Variables Description

Demographic Control Variables

Age Actual age of male and female

household head Gender of respondents who completed the

questionnaires 1. Male household head, 2. Female household head,

3. Both male and female household head,

4. Another person.

Marital status 1. Single,

2. Divorced, 3. Separated, 4. Widowed, 5. Married,

6. Living together but not married. # of dependent children Total number of dependent children

within a respondent’s household. Attitude Variables

Household's financial strategy 1. Specific financial strategy, 2. General financial strategy, 3. Partial but incomplete financial strategy,

4. No financial strategy. Attitude toward risk of a household’s savings and

investments 1. Very low risk/very low return, 2. Below average risk/below average return,

3. Average risk/average return, 4. Above average risk/above average return,

5. Very high risk/very high return.

Continued

Table 3.2 continued

Evaluation of 23 financial services or products 1. I am satisfied with my household’s current financial situation.

2. I am afraid my household is not saving enough for its future needs.

3. My household should make some important changes in our savings and investments.

4. I do not need advice on investment options.

5. I feel qualified to make my own investment decisions. 6. I feel uncomfortable making judgments about the riskiness of investment.

7. I enjoy learning about different investment opportunities.

8. Over the past several years, I have become much more knowledgeable about savings and investments. 9. I consider myself a sophisticated investor.

10. I resent any profits financial institutions make from my doing business with them.

11. Dealing with financial institutions is about as much fun as being stuck in a traffic jam.

12. I worry about the safety of my deposits in banks or savings institutions.

13. I am willing to take high risks to realize substantial financial gains from investments.

14. It is wise to put some portion of savings in uninsured investments to get a high yield.

15. I am willing to accept some risk of losing money if an investment is likely to come out ahead of inflation in the long run.

16. Over the long run, say 10 or 20 years, stocks will be a very good investment

17. The stock market is too risky for me.

18. It is very important to me to have both a guaranteed interest rate and federal insurance on my savings. 19. I am concerned that our household has more debt than it should.

20. In the past, I sometimes spent more than I really wanted to because credit cards made it easy. 21. I am concerned about problems my debts would cause should I die or become disabled.

22. I would never get a personal or auto loan that had an interest rate that could change.

23. I would never get a mortgage that had an interest rate that could change.

1. Mostly agree, 2. Agree, 3. Disagree, 4. Mostly disagree.

Table 3.2 continued

Subjective Norm Variables

Total number of household members Total number of household members Frequency of receiving advice for major household

financial decisions

1. Always, 2. Sometimes, 3. Rarely, 4. Never, 5. Don’t know, 6.

Unspecified. The number of past and expected use of professional

financial advisors Total number of professional financial advisor use Preference of information sources a household used

about financial products/services or financial decisions in the last 12 months

Total number of information sources a household used

How to obtain information for making financial decisions

for the present and for the future 1. Mostly on their own, 2. Mostly from a financial professional,

3. Some on their own and some from a financial professional.

How they make financial decisions both for the present

and for the future 1. Mostly on their own, 2. Mostly from a financial professional,

3. Some on their own and some from a financial professional.

Table 3.2 continued

Evaluation of 15 preferences for social interaction 1. It is important that a financial services representative makes recommendations I should consider.

2. It is important that a financial services representative keeps me informed of where I stand financially.

3. I like to discuss my financial options before making a decision about them.

4. I would be willing to pay for professional financial advice.

5. I prefer to consult a specialist when making financial decisions.

6. Using my financial institution as a sounding board for ideas about my finances is important to me.

7. Building long-term relationships with financial

institutions is more important than always getting the best prices or newest products.

8. I am more concerned with the quality of service than with cost when I deal with financial institutions.

9. It is important to me that the people I deal with for financial matters recognize me and know me by name. 10. Chatting with the people I know at financial

institutions is an important part of doing financial business for me

11. I would rather use automated teller machines, personal computers, the telephone, or mail than face representatives of financial institutions.

12. The less I talk to financial institution personnel the better,

13. I would like to go to just one person who could help me with my savings, investments, and credit needs. 14. I am unlikely to try a new financial service until someone I know recommends it.

15. I prefer to do most of my financial business in person.

1. Mostly agree, 2. Agree, 3. Disagree, 4. Mostly disagree.

Perceived Behavioral Control Variables

Education 1. High school or less,

2. Some college,

3. College degree or more.

Income 1. $29,999 or less,

2. $30,000-$59,999, 3. $60,000-$99,999, 4. $100,000 or more. Household’s Confidence of achievement of the most

important financial goals

1. Extremely confident, 2. Very confident, 3. Somewhat confident, 4. Not very confident,

Table 3.2 continued

Number of financial software programs on home PC Total number of financial software programs used

Hours spent using a home PC Total hours

Having ATM cards/ debit cards =1 if have ATM cards/debit cards, 0 otherwise

Frequency of using 10 financial transactions in the last

three months Total number of use of financial transactions 15 questions about financial planning

1. I do a very good job of keeping my financial affairs in order,

2. I am very organized in my approach to financial matters,

3. My household knows how to choose financial products and services that are best for us,

4. Managing my financial affairs is something like a hobby. I enjoy taking care of them,

5. My household is successful in sticking to its budget, 6. I am very disciplined in savings and spending decisions,

7. Often I am not sure whether the financial decisions I have made are the right ones,

8. Finding tax-exempt or tax-deferred investments is important to me,

9. I would pay a one-time 5% fee for an investment guaranteed to grow 3% faster than inflation,

10. I think the best way to save is to have savings or investments made automatically from my income, 11. I prefer investments where the return is in the form of long-term capital gains to defer taxes,

12. I would never borrow from my retirement plan, 13. I am careful not to use credit more than I should, 14. I am always looking for lowest cost financial services, and

15. I shop around for financial products/services

1. Mostly agree, 2. Agree, 3. Disagree, 4. Mostly disagree.