Análisis de las Dinámicas de Transformación en el Sistema Olivícola

1) Difference regarding function of family: As a result of industrialization and restructure of pay packets, the function of family has changed considerably.

Compared to today the family had much more function in the past. Now a number of functions, which used to be performed by families in the past, have been taken over by other institutions.

Traditionally an Indian family used to be a center of birth, rearing and education of children. The children used to get training in the ancestral profession. The function of socialization of children, too, used to be performed by the family. But in the industrialized society of today family is not required to fulfill these roles.

Today children are born in hospital.

Even for the Protection, nurture and care of the children there are today a number of official and non-official institutions. In big towns we find today a number of Infant-Care centers, homes for orphaned and children homes. The education of children today is done in schools and not in homes.

The professional training also is no longer the obligation of the family. What is even more serious and disgusting that even feeding is no longer the exclusive obligation of the family!

Many people in metropolis eat out of homes. In almost all big cities people rarely take lunch at home except on Sunday and holidays. In many families both

husband and wife go out for work. In these circumstances the function of a modern family are more formal than real.

2) Breaking up of Joint Family: Traditionally most of the Indian families were joint families. As result of industrialization, most of these joint families are breaking up and are being replaced by nuclear families. There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, in industrial town there is acute shortage of residential accommodation. Most of the people have to content themselves with a single or two room accommodations. In these circumstances, it is physically exceedingly difficult if not impossible to retain the joint family system. Secondly, as a sequel to industrialization family trades and professions have been eliminated. The sense of the same parents differs widely in respect of economic and social levels. This has given rise to individualization. As a result of all these conditions joint family is all but finished in industrial towns.

3) Small families: As a result of industrialization, the cost of living has gone up.

At the same time standard of living has also gone up considerably. Everybody wants good clothes, houses and other comforts of life. Obviously, it is not possible to maintain the standard within a big family. Therefore, people these days want to keep small families. The prevalence of contraceptives and abortion had made this goal easily attainable. Thus we find that there is a strong trend towards small families in industrialized towns.

4) Change in the status of Women: In past the status enjoyed by women in Indian society was rather low. Women were shut up in the four walls of the home.

From economic and social points of view woman was subject to man. The women enjoyed no independence. Without husband the condition of a woman was miserable. As a result of industrialization there has been much improvement in the status of women. They are therefore becoming independent all walks of life. Their status and respect in society has therefore improved considerably.

Now-a-days women consider themselves equal, even superior, to man. As a result of this feeling many women today do not like to marry. They wish to assert their independence by defying the laws of society.

5) Disintegration of Family: As a result of industrialization the outlook of intense individualism has grown. Everyone wants to have his own way; no one likes to be subject to anybody. Nobody these days appreciates the need for adjustment and give and take. Thus we find in modern society, families breaking up under last strain. There is continuous tension and conflict in the minds of family members.

As a consequence of this situation it is small wonder that families are breaking up fast in urban society.

6) Difference in family goals: The goals and ideals, which nourished the traditional Indian family, were spiritual and religious. The housewives used to regard their husbands as a goal or divine beings. The willingly subjected themselves to each and every whim of their husbands. Even children used to give unqualified respect to their parents. The father was regarded to be head of the family and his command was rarely defied. In Indian homes Ram and Sita were ideals of paternal devotion and wife’s dedication to husband respectively. In modern industrial society there is no room for such ideals. For a modern wife, the husband can be at best a honorable colleague and under no circumstances, a God. The status of father in a family is being lowered as a result of

industrialization. Compared to parents, children now have more say in the family affairs. In the past the functions, which were, regarded sacred duty and ideals are now considered acceptable only from utilitarian point of view. The father no longer holds away over family members.

Consumerism:

Because of rapid industrialization, the comparative gap between rich and poor is widening. Those with jobs and those with-outs have been reality of the rat race of daily life. Those with money are willing to spend it for their comforts and those with-outs are resorting to unsocial elements resulting in increase in crimes

especially financial crimes like dacoits, embezzlement, misappropriations etc. It’s the impact of the continuous increase in salaries and wages every year, that the habits of spending have undergone change. In such society those who have jobs and reasonable salary or wage are now not worrying about the money in their pockets. Such persons are willing to buy things, articles beyond their buying capacity. There are increasing tendencies of resorting to availing loans from financial institutions, banks. The tendencies of buying the articles, house, luxury items, car, and two-wheelers on installments have also been impact of changing pay structures.

The savings habits have been getting converted into spending habits.

Society:

The members of society have direct impact of such changes in pay structures.

The society also becomes money minded. The ideals change and immoral things are pretended to be sound and worth following. The value system changes. The issues like consumerism, corruption and dreaming for unrealistic dreams brings about the change in every member of the society. The shopkeepers change their style of selling. Landlords change their rate of rents. Even the Grocer start selling items, which he would never, had, given his/her religion. Since the matters of religion is neglected while selling certain items. The whole society undergoes the change in approach to life.

Such society is called industrial society.

Main features of such society are:

1. Domination of machines: In this society machine dominates man. Every thing is done with the help of machines, so that the importance of man and manual work very much decreases.

2. Mass production: In industrialization there is always mass production. It is because unless society is in a position to feed the machines, there will be no industrialization. Goods are produced on large-scale basis.

3. Exploitation of workers: In this society, there is naked exploitation of

workers. They are paid basis minimum wages so that they survive and work for

industry. They are not given any share in profits. Even their wages are increased after a lot of agitation.

4. No identification with the work: Another feature is that the worker is not identified with the work, which he is doing. The owner of the industry is interested only in getting his goods and making his brand popular in the market, rather than bring workers on the forefront.

5. Poor working conditions: The workers are not paid adequately with the result that they cannot afford to live in good houses. They live in slums in

miserable conditions. Working conditions in which labourers are required to work too are not good. This is a continuing feature of the industry.

6. Envirnomental Pollution: Industry bring with it pollution in the environments.

Smoke of chimney of factories, noise of the machines, chemical water flowing out of factories and residue of factory raw materials and dust all create problems of environment pollution and that is unavoidable in the factory situation.

7. Trend towards urbanization: Industries are set abound places where

communication and other facilities are easily available. Once industries had been set up a town develops around that. There are always employment opportunities in the industries. The people therefore, start migrating from rural areas. In this way trend towards urbanization starts.

8. Pressure on existing institutions: Industrialization exerts heavy pressure on existing institutions like marriage, family rural life, educational system and so on.

With industrialization the institutions of marriage has come under heavy strains. It is now considered a friendship and not religious institution. So is the case of religion. Many religious practices are now questioned. Single-family system is replacing old joint family system. Awakening has started coming in the rural areas where people are not prepared to accept every thing blindly. In fact three is no existing social institution, which does not come under strain with

industrialization.

9. Scientific advancement: In modern era, there is always keen desire of

society to have new inventions. This can be possible only when more attention is paid to scientific advancement. Every effort is made to have scientific inventions so that new machines can do maximum work within minimum time.

10. Material prosperity: Industrialization has brought with it material prosperity.

These nations, which are industrially advanced, are economically rich. In fact outlook of these nations is purely materialistic and those weigh every thing in terms of money.

11. Colonialism: Industrialization has brought with it colonialism and evils which this system brings with it. It is unavoidable because so many goods are produced

with the help of machines that unless these are quickly marketed these will create many problems.

In this way, industrial societies have its own advantages and disadvantages but fact remains that today every nation is in a race to industrialize itself.