Análisis Microbiano

The Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate’s (SKI) organization, mission and tasks eminate from the Act on Nuclear Activities (1984:3), the Ordinance on Nuclear Activities (1984:14), the Ordinance with Instructions for the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (1988:523) and the Government’s annual letter of appropriation. Organization

Under the Director General, SKI is orga- nised in three Offices, namely

- Office of Reactor Safety (R) with departments for: Inspection, Plant Safety Assessment, Reactor Techno- logy and Structural Integrity, Man Technology Organisation

- Office of Nuclear Non-Proliferation (N)

- Office of Nuclear Waste Safety (K) and five departments reporting directly to the Director General, namely

- Department of Communication and PR

- Department of Research - Department of Administration - Department of Personnel - Department of IT

The Swedish International Project Nuclear Safety (SIP), which administers Swedish nuclear safety assistance and participates in the multilateral assistance to the Central and East European countries, is operationally independent from SKI but reports directly to the Director General.

The distribution of responsibilities, authorities and tasks are regulated in detail in the SKI quality system (SKIQ) and the annual Activity Plan. The Office of Nuclear Waste Safety is responsible for supervising and reviewing the current management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. The Office also review the development of methods for future the handling and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste and for decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities.

The Office is responsible for taking initiatives for research and development regarding safety with respect to methods for the handling, storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste that are used now and in the future as well as methods for the decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear installations.

In addition, the Office is responsible for the review of SKB’s R&D-programme every three years as well as the review of the nuclear power plants’ cost estimates every year and the recommendations to the Government on the size of the fees to be paid to the Nuclear Waste Fund.

Mission and tasks

SKI has established the following goals for the regulatory activities:

- That Swedish nuclear installations shall have satisfactory protection in several barriers to prevent serious accidents and incidents originating from technology, organization or competence, and which should also prevent or reduce the dispersion of radioactive substances to the environment if an accident were to occur;

- That nuclear installations and nuclear material under Swedish jurisdication shall have sufficient protection against terrorist attacks, sabotage and theft;

- That the Swedish Government, in co-operation with authorized international control organizations, shall have full information and control regarding the possession, use of and trade of nuclear materials and nuclear technology under Swedish jurisdiction, in such a way that the nuclear materials and the nuclear technology are not used contrary to Swedish law and Swedish international non-proliferation obligations:

- That disposal of spent fuel and nuclear waste shall be carried out in such a manner that potential leakage of radioactive substances to the environment over different time-scales can be expected to be below tolerable limits, so that coming generations are not exposed to larger risks for health and environment than is tolerated today,

- That the nuclear industry shall conduct a comprehensive and appropriate research and development programmes so that safe handling and disposal of spent fuel and nuclear waste is accomplished; - That methods will be in place for decommissioning and dismantling nuclear installations, and that suf-

- That decision makers and the public shall be well informed about nuclear risks and safety, and about the handling and disposal of spent fuel and nuclear waste;

- That an active contribution shall be made to the development and strengthening of the international nuclear safety and non- proliferation work, especially within the EU. Sweden shall as a member of the EU actively work to accomplish efficient and increasing environmental achievements in the neighbourhood of Sweden, i.e. in the Baltic region and in the Central and Eastern Europe.

Letter of appropriation from the Government

In the Government’s letter of appropriation for 2003 the following missions have been given to SKI in the field of nuclear waste safety:

Appropriate requirements

SKI’s requirements shall be clearly defined; both with regard to the technical design of facilities, and with regard to the licensee’s obligations to achieve high quality in safety-related activities. This also applies to aspects of the organisation and competence. The regulations shall not have a negative impact on the licensee’s responsibilities or lead to the transfer of responsibilities to the state.

Supervision of the licensees’ responsibilities for safety

SKI shall supervise that the licensees’ have good control of safety in their facilities, and that the quality of their safety work is satisfactory.

Promote safety improvements

SKI shall promote safety improvements at the licensee’s facilities, whenever justified by operating experience, or research and development and through international co-operation.

Maintain and develop competence and knowledge

SKI shall promote the maintenance and development of national competence in nuclear safety. Furthermore, SKI shall develop the supervision and promote safety through research and the feedback of experience. Active information, reporting and insight

SKI shall issue regular reports on the state of safety at the facilities and the quality of the licensees’ safety- related work, and, in general, actively communicate on circumstances and events within all areas of SKI’s responsibilities.

Similar missions have been given to SKI for reactor and nuclear materials safety, and for nuclear non-pro- liferation work.

These missions given by the Government are broken down by SKI into concrete regulatory objectives, priorities and production requirements. Since 1997 this has been done in a structure with missions and well defined activites for the Offices with allocated resources and accountable leaders. The missions are of a long-

term, strategic character, which are divided into annual production requirements delegated by the Director