3. Resultados y Hallazgos
3.4 Análisis de la perspectiva de la industria creativa en Colombia
You generate Specialty clips by using panel options in the Project Assets panel. They reside in the Project Assets panel along with your added clips.
You can create universal counting leaders, color bars, a 1-kHz tone, black video, and colored backgrounds for your project. Use Specialty clips for calibration of your video or simply as footage.
Add color bars and a 1-kHz tone
You use the color bars and 1-kHz tone clips in tandem at the beginning of a video. Color bars are multicolored vertical bars at the beginning of broadcast videos that help broadcasters calibrate the color for a video.
The 1-kHz tone is a short tone (1-kHz frequency) that broadcasters use to adjust audio levels. Broadcasters set it at a specific level for reference, and then decrease or increase their audio levels to match this frequency. Because some audio workflows are calibrated at a specific tone level, you can customize the tone level to match your audio workflow.
1 Click Project Assets.
A Bars And Tone clip is placed in the Project Assets panel and in the Expert view timeline.
Create and add a black video clip
You add black video clips to separate multiple movies or to create pauses in a movie. You can also use a black video clip for a title.
1 Click Project Assets.
2 In the Project Assets panel, click New Item from the panel options and choose Black Video.
Create a colored matte for a background
You can create a clip consisting of a full-frame matte of solid color, which you can use as a solid background for titles or animated clips.
Brightly colored mattes can serve as temporary backgrounds to help you see transparency more clearly while you adjust a key effect.
1 Click Project Assets.
2 In the Project Assets panel, click New Item from the panel options and choose Color Matte.
3 Choose a color in the Adobe Color Picker dialog box, and click OK.
A color matte clip is placed into both the Project Assets panel and the Expert view timeline.
Change the tone level of clips
1 Select a clip using one of the following methods:
• To set the level for all new clip instances, click New Item from the panel options in the Project Assets panel. Then, select the Bars And Tone option.
• To set the level for only one clip instance, select the clip in the Expert view timeline.
2 Choose Clip > Audio Options > Audio Gain.
3 In the Clip Gain dialog box, do one of the following, and click OK: • Drag the value control left to decrease, or right to increase, volume.
• Highlight the value control and type a number to increase or decrease volume. Positive numbers increase it. Negative numbers decrease it.
• The Normalize option adjusts the peak amplitude in the selected clips to the user-specified value. For example, this option adjusts the gain of a clip with a peak amplitude of -6 dB to +6 dB. Ensure that Normalize All Peaks To is set to 0.0 dB.
5.1 audio import
Adobe Premiere Elements facilitates importing and playing clips with 5.1 audio in the same format as the project preset. You can create movies combining AVCHD video and stereo audio and 5.1 audio and stereo audio. You can move clips from track to track in the Expert view timeline regardless of whether the audio is 5.1 or stereo. If you import 5.1 audio file to the stereo channel, it is converted to 5.1 and the other way round. To create a 5.1 channel track, drag a 5.1 onto the empty area on the Expert view timeline of a stereo project. Alternatively, drag a channel audio video clip or a 5.1 channel audio only clip. A 5.1 channel track in a stereo project is created. To create a stereo track in a 5.1 channel project, drag-and-drop a stereo clip into the empty area on Expert view timeline. A stereo track in a 5.1 channel project is created.
1 Do one of the following:
• From the Welcome screen, click New Project.
• If Adobe Premiere Elements is open, choose File > New Project.
2 Click Change Settings to change the preset used. Select Full HD 1080i 30 5.1 channel from the AVCHD folder, and click OK.
3 In the New Project dialog box, specify a name and location for the project, and click OK.
In the Expert view timeline, you can see 5.1 beside the Audio tracks. You can now include clips to your project. However, the audio is mapped to a channel type depending on how you insert the media file.
Drag clips to the Monitor window
When you drag clips onto the Monitor window, the audio is mapped to the channel type of Audio 1 track.
However, when you drag onto the Monitor window, you are presented with the following additional options. The audio mappings change depending on the option you select.
Insert After This Scene Audio is mapped to the Audio one track, and the clip is inserted in the Video 1/Audio 1 track. The clip is inserted at the end of the existing clip.
Split And Insert Audio is mapped to the Audio 1 track, and the clip is inserted in the Video 1/Audio 1 track. The current clip is split at the point where the CTI is pointing. The clip is inserted.
Place On Top If there is an empty track above Video 1/Audio 1, the selected clip is inserted on that track, and mapped to the corresponding track's channel type. If there is no empty track, a new track is created matching the channel type of the selected clip. Adobe Premiere Elements places the video on the CTI, in a track above the existing video. The new video file overlaps the existing video clip.
Picture In Picture If there is an empty track above Video 1/Audio 1, the selected clip is inserted on that track, and mapped to the corresponding track's channel type. If there is no empty track, a new track is created matching the channel type of the selected clip. Adobe Premiere Elements places the existing and the inserted videos simultaneously. The user can see both the videos.
Place On Top, And Apply Videomerge If there is an empty track above Video 1/Audio 1, the selected clip is inserted on that track and mapped to the corresponding track's channel type. If there is no empty track, a new track is created matching the channel type of the selected clip. Adobe Premiere Elements places the video on the CTI, in a track above the existing video and applies Videomerge effect on the new video. The underlying and the top videos can be seen.
Replace Clip The clip is replaced and the mapping matches the channel type of the replaced clip’s track.
Note: When you drop an audio-only clip into the Monitor window, it is placed on the Soundtrack track and mapped to stereo.
Set duration for imported still images
When you add a still image, you can assign a specific duration to it. The duration specifies how much time the image occupies in the Quick view/Expert view timeline. You can set a default duration for all still images that you add, and you can change their duration in the Quick view/Expert view timeline.
The frame rate of your project determines the amount of time that a certain number of frames occupies. If you specify 30 frames for a 29.97 frame-per-second (fps) NTSC project, each still image has a duration of about one second. For PAL, if you specify 25 frames for a 25-fps project, each still image in the Quick view/Expert view timeline has a duration of one second.
Change the default duration for still images
1 Do one of the following:
• On Windows, select Edit > Preferences > General. On Mac OS, select Adobe Premiere Elements 13 > Preferences > General.
• Right-click/ctrl-click in the Project Assets panel and choose Still Image Duration.
2 For Still Image Default Duration, specify the number of frames you want as a default duration.
Note: Changing the default duration of still images does not affect the duration of still images already in the Quick view/Expert view timeline or Project Assets panel. To apply the new default length to all still images in your project, delete them from the Project Assets panel and reimport them into your project.
Set a unique duration for a still image
❖ Do one of the following:
• In the Expert view, position the Selection tool over either end of the image, and drag. • Select the clip and choose Clip > Time Stretch. Enter a new duration and click OK.
Sharing files between Adobe Premiere Elements and
Adobe Photoshop Elements
You can access all images in a Photoshop Elements catalog directly from the Elements Organizer workspace of Premiere Elements. You can also add, edit, and manage your images, and then drag them to the Quick view/Expert view timeline of Adobe Premiere Elements for use in your project.
Adobe Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements are designed to work together, whether you purchase the products separately or bundled in one package. These programs seamlessly combine digital photography and video editing, letting you create exciting video projects. The two programs support many of the same file types, which makes the transfer of most files between them easy and efficient. For example, you can catalog PSD files in Photoshop Elements and then add them to the Quick view/Expert view timeline directly from the Elements Organizer in Premiere Elements.note: The Photoshop Elements Organizer shows clips of audio AVI files with broken video thumbnail icons. However, they play correctly. The Photoshop Elements Editor can import individual video frames from ASF, AVI, MPEG, and Windows Media files. (Choose File > Import > Frame From Video.)
Here are a few ways you can share files between Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements:
• Organize your photos, video clips, and audio clips in either Premiere Elements or Photoshop Elements. Find the assets using Elements Organizer in either application and add them to a project.
• Capture video in Premiere Elements and open it from the Elements Organizer and create and edit still images from the video.
• (Windows only) Create a slideshow in Photoshop Elements 6.0 or later with captions, transitions, effects, music, narration, graphics, and titles. Import the slideshow into Premiere Elements to edit further or burn to DVD. Alternatively, import individual photos into Premiere Elements and create the slideshow there.note: The Send To Adobe Premiere Elements command in Photoshop Elements works only when you use Photoshop Elements 6.0 or later with Adobe Premiere Elements 4.0 or later.
• Customize menu templates in Photoshop Elements, and then use them in your Premiere Elements project. (Menu templates are PSD files stored in the Premiere Elements application folder.)
• Create a Photoshop Elements file with your video project’s settings, enhance it in Photoshop Elements, and then use it in Premiere Elements.
Working with offline files
About offline files
An offline file is a placeholder for a source file that Premiere Elements cannot currently find on your hard drive. Offline files remember information about the missing source files they represent. If an offline file appears in the Quick view/Expert view timeline, a “Media Offline” message appears in the monitor and in the Quick view/Expert view timeline.
Edit an offline file
1 In the Expert view, click Project Assets.
2 In the Project Assets panel, double-click the offline file. Where Is The File [name of the file] dialog box appears. Locate the source file, select the file, and click Select.
3 Right-click/Ctrl-click the file and select Edit Original to edit the file.
Replace an offline file with a file on your computer
1 In the Expert view, click Project Assets.
2 In the Project Assets panel, select one or more offline files.
3 Choose Edit > Locate Media.
4 Locate and select the actual source file, and click Select.
Note: If you selected more than one offline file, the Attach Which Media dialog box appears in turn for each file you selected. Pay attention to the offline filename in the title bar of the dialog box so that you relink the correct source file to each offline file.
Working with aspect ratios and field options
Understanding aspect ratios
The aspect ratio specifies the ratio of width to height. Video frames have an aspect ratio (frame aspect ratio) as do the pixels that make up the frame (pixel aspect ratio). Some video camcorders can record various frame aspect ratios, and the NTSC and PAL video standards use different pixel aspect ratios. If an image of a circle appears oval-shaped, there can be a mismatch between the aspect ratios of the image and your project.
Premiere Elements automatically attempts to detect and compensate for the pixel aspect ratio of source clips so that distortion doesn’t occur. If a clip appears distorted in Premiere Elements, you can manually change its pixel aspect ratio. It's important to reconcile pixel aspect ratios before reconciling frame aspect ratios. Misinterpretation of a source clip’s aspect ratio causes incorrect frame aspect ratio.
Frame aspect ratio
Frame aspect ratio describes the ratio of width to height in the dimensions of an image. For example, DV NTSC has a frame aspect ratio of 4:3 (or 4.0 width by 3.0 height). For comparison, a typical widescreen frame has a frame aspect ratio of 16:9; many camcorders that have a widescreen mode can record using this aspect ratio. Many films are shot using even wider aspect ratios.
When you add clips into a project with a different frame aspect ratio, decide how to reconcile the different values. You can show a widescreen movie with a 16:9 frame aspect ratio on a standard TV with a 4:3 frame aspect ratio in two ways. Use the Letterboxing technique to fit the entire width of the 16:9 frame into a black 4:3 frame. Black bands appear above and below the widescreen frame.
Alternatively, use the Pan and scan technique to fill the 4:3 frame with only a selected area of the 16:9 frame. Although this technique eliminates the black bars, it also eliminates part of the action. Premiere Elements automatically letterboxes any 16:9 footage that you add into a 4:3 aspect ratio project.
Pixel aspect ratio
Pixel aspect ratio describes the ratio of width to height in a single pixel of a frame. Pixel aspect ratios vary because different video systems make different assumptions about the number of pixels required to fill a frame. For example, many computer video standards define a frame that has a 4:3 aspect ratio as 640 x 480 pixels. Pixels that are square, which have an aspect ratio themselves of 1:1, perfectly fill the horizontal and vertical space the frame defines. However, video standards such as DV NTSC (standard for DV camcorders in the U.S.) define a 4:3 aspect ratio frame as 720 x 480 pixels. Consequently, to fit all of these pixels in the frame, the pixels must be narrower than the square pixels. These narrow pixels are called rectangular pixels, and they have an aspect ratio of 0.9:1, or 0.9 as they are commonly called. DV pixels are vertically oriented in systems producing NTSC video and horizontally oriented in systems producing PAL video. Premiere Elements displays a clip’s pixel aspect ratio next to the clip’s image thumbnail in the Project Assets panel.
If you display rectangular pixels on a square-pixel monitor, images appear distorted, for example, circles distort into ovals. However, when displayed on a broadcast monitor, the images appear correctly proportioned because broadcast monitors use rectangular pixels. Premiere Elements exports clips of various pixel aspect ratios without distortion. It automatically adjusts the pixel aspect ratio of your project to the pixel aspect ratio of the clips. You can encounter a distorted clip if Premiere Elements interprets pixel aspect ratio incorrectly. Correct the distortion by manually by specifying the source clip’s pixel aspect ratio.
A Square pixels and 4:3 frame aspect ratio B Nonsquare pixels and 4:3 frame aspect ratio C Nonsquare pixels displayed uncorrected on a square-pixel monitor
Capturing or adding various aspect ratios
Premiere Elements attempts to automatically compensate for pixel aspect ratios and preserve the frame size of added images. Images that you add are treated in the following ways:
• Add video with D1 resolution 720 x 486 or DV resolution 720 x 480. Premiere Elements automatically sets the video’s pixel aspect ratio to D1/DV NTSC (0.9). For a footage with D1 or DV resolution 720 x 576, Premiere Elements sets its pixel aspect ratio to D1/DV PAL (1.067). However, it helps to see the Project Assets panel or the Interpret Footage dialog box to ensure that all files are interpreted correctly.
• Premiere Elements automatically assigns pixel aspect ratios to files by using the Interpretation Rules.txt file in the Premiere Elements/Plug-in folder. If a specific type of image is consistently misinterpreted (distorted), modify the entries in the Interpretation Rules.txt file. If you want to override the pixel aspect ratio interpretation for files already in a project, use the Interpret Footage command.
• To change the size of a clip in Premiere Elements, select the clip and change the Scale property of the Motion effect. The Motion effect is available in the Properties view with the clip selected in the Expert view timeline.
View a project’s aspect ratio
The preset you choose when you start a project sets the pixel aspect ratio for the project. You can’t change the aspect ratio after it is initially set.
❖ Choose Edit > Project Settings > General.
Adjust pixel aspect ratio for a still image or source clip
To combine diverse footage within a project and generate an output without distorting source images, ensure that all files are interpreted correctly.
Note: When you set the pixel aspect ratio of a file, use its original ratio, not the ratio of the project and final output.
1 In the Expert view, click Project Assets.
2 Select the still image or source clip.
4 In the Pixel Aspect Ratio section, select Use Pixel Aspect Ratio From File to use the original ratio of the file. Alternatively, choose one of the following from the Conform To menu:
Square Pixels Uses a 1.0 pixel aspect ratio. Use this setting if your source clip has a 640 x 480 or 648 x 486 frame size. You can also use this setting if the file was exported from an application that supports only square pixels.