3. Resultados de las Pruebas 82
3.5. Análisis de los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de Carga en una primera
1 Overview
The City has to provide certain “quality of life” civic amenities/facilities, apart from the basic urban infrastructure. “Civic Amenities” includes parks, lakes, streetlights, ULB-owned markets, etc. This chapter outlines these infrastructure/amenities and identifies investments required to improve the same in Bangalore.
1.1 Existing Situation
1.1.1 Parks
Important parks in Bangalore are:
¤ Lalbagh Botanical Garden (area - 97 acres, 1854 species, 673 gene and 890 cultivars of plants);
¤ Cubbon Park (68 genera, 96 species, total of 6000 plants/trees);
¤ Bannerghatta National Park, located 25 km from the city houses important flora and fauna;
¤ Dhanvantarivana at Jnana Bharathi, spread over 37 acres is a garden of medical plants and consists of 414 species; and
¤ Parks maintained by Department of Horticulture - 365 (well developed - 55, partially maintained - 130, undeveloped - 180).
There are other regulations and initiatives for open spaces and green areas:
¤ Land earmarked for park and open spaces in CDP, 1995: 77.9 sq. km.
(14%);
¤ Requirement under BDA – not less than 15% of the area for parks and open spaces in any newly formed layout;
¤ 22 theme parks and 16 tree parks under "Greener Bangalore" being implemented by BMP and BDA;
¤ The Forest Department has raised plantations of around 130 sq. km by planting around 35 lakh plants; and
¤ BMP has developed 48% of the 560 parks in the City.
The budget for development of park and gardens is about Rs.59 Crore for 2005-06, out of which Rs.6 Crore is earmarked for maintenance.
1.1.2 Lakes
Around 25 lakes have been developed by initiatives taken by BDA, BMP and Lake Development Authority:
¤ Perceiving the imperative need to conserve the lakes in and around Bangalore, GoK constituted the “Lake Development Authority” in 2002.
LDA so far has developed five lakes in Bangalore using funding from the National Lake Conservation Program fund;
¤ BDA has developed three lakes including the Lalbagh Lake;
¤ The Forest Department has also taken initiatives for development of 17 lakes, planned for maintenance of 11 lakes, and developed a Master Plan for five lakes; and
¤ BMP has developed four lakes.
1.1.3 Street Lights
In all, there are 2.5 lakh streetlights in Bangalore, 70% of which are in the BMP jurisdiction. Majority of the streetlights illuminating the roads are fluorescent and sodium vapor lamps. The provision of streetlights is in line with planning standards, which indicate 30 m spacing between streetlights, i.e. 33 streetlights per km of road. The position of available streetlights is shown in Table 69.
Table 69: Street Light Situation in ULBs
ULBs Total Streetlight Per km
BMP 1,75,019 50
Bommanahalli 12,786 25
Byatarayanapura 12,860 38
Dasarahalli 9,310 23
KR Puram 7,610 21
Mahadevapura 6,845 25
RR Nagar 13,296 61
Yelahanka 9,077 48
Kengeri 2,764 25
Total 2,49,567 42
1.1.4 BMP Markets
The City has created, under the BMP jurisdiction, several markets in the past.
Among these are Malleswaram Market, Johnson Market, Russel Market, and KR Market. There are a number of other old properties owned by BMP at strategic locations. These can also be redeveloped to unlock value and provide better services to citizens. Such properties also require rehabilitation due to lack of maintenance, and surplus space to be commercially exploited with little or no investment from BMP.
1.2 Key Issues in Civic Amenities
The key issues in each of the aforesaid themes comprise:
¤ The main problems faced by lakes are eutrophication, mud lifting, brick making, and tile making, lake conversion and the encroachment of lakebeds, land-filling, garbage dumping and immersion of idols.
¤ While the existing parks suffer from lack of maintenance, development of parks and open spaces in new layouts would need to be actively enforced.
¤ Due to increase in working hours and economic activity during the night, and in order to ensure law and order and prevent crime, provision of street lighting is necessary in all areas.
¤ While ULBs have developed markets with an effort to provide improved commercial facilities, lack of marketing and proper maintenance have left the markets in poor conditions, in spite of being situated in prime locations.
2 Strategy for Improved Service Delivery
Bangalore has been a witness to the decline in the number of lakes and inadequate maintenance of parks, which are the symbols of Bangalore. Recognizing the need to revive the same, the City proposes to adopt a systematic approach to the creation and maintenance of civic infrastructure.
For Bangalore to retain its position as a “Green City,” creation of urban spaces becomes imperative. The city envisages improving the quality of life for its citizens by implementing the following projects:
¤ Developing/redeveloping markets;
¤ Creating green spaces and social forestry, and efficient maintenance of its existing parks/green assets; and
¤ Introducing pedestrian only/cyclist only zones.
3 Project Identification & Costing
The concerned agencies have proposed certain projects that are to be taken up in this sector, and these are indicated in the following section.
3.1 Investment Plan for Civic Amenities 3.1.1 Projects in Implementation Period
DEVELOPMENT OF EXISTING &NEW PARKS
Parks, playgrounds, urban forestry, etc., cover an area of approximately 14% of the total area of the city vis-à-vis the norm of 20%. The cost of development has been assumed as Rs. 50 lakh and Rs. 25 lakh, for parks in BMP area and ULBs, respectively.
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ABATTOIR
At present, there are slaughterhouses at Yeshwanthpur, Frazer Town and Tannery Road – these do not have modern facilities and are located within the City.
Subsequently, the High Court of Karnataka obligated BMP to set up a modern slaughterhouse outside the City. For this purpose, BMP has identified land for developing a modern abattoir at Iggalur in Anekal taluk. The estimated capital investment is Rs. 30 Crore.
FIRE SYSTEMS
Fire systems in the City are proposed to be upgraded to reduce the response time for emergencies. The stations are to be located in zones formed on a scientific basis, with modern equipment. The project components proposed include:
¤ Expansion of services in areas not covered;
¤ Procurement of plant and machinery;
¤ Modernization of the system and functions; and
¤ Capacity building and skill enhancement.
REDEVELOPMENT OF LAKES &URBAN AFFORESTATION
The projects proposed include development of recreational spots, fencing, desilting of lakes, diversion of sewage, prevention of garbage dumping in the lakes and initiation of activities such as gardening.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETS
BMP proposes to develop the following markets under a PPP format:
¤ Cox Town Market
¤ Johnson Market
¤ Krumbigal Road Market
¤ Malleswaram Market
¤ Seshadripuram Market
¤ Cubbonpet Market
¤ Ulsoor Market
¤ Yediyur Market
3.1.2 Estimated Capital Investment Requirement
Table 70 indicates the estimated investment in Civic Infrastructure projects, during the JNNURM period. Table 71 indicates the estimated investment in Civic Infrastructure projects, during future blocks.
Table 70: Investment Plan for Civic Infrastructure - JNNURM Period
Description 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total (Rs.
Total-CAPEX 32.9 38.0 43.1 45.7 45.7 48.1 253.5
O&M Expenses
Description 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total (Rs.
Crore) Existing and
new parks 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 Lake
redevelopment 0.0 0.0 3.2 4.1 4.1 4.9 16.2 Fire system 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.3 4.3 5.2 17.3 Development
of Markets 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 10.0 Development
of modern
Abattoir 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.8 6.0
Total-OPEX 0.0 0.0 10.1 12.7 12.7 15.3 50.7
Land
acquisition 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 3.0
Existing and
new parks 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 3.0
Total 33.3 38.5 53.7 58.8 58.8 63.9 307.2
Table 71: Investment Plan for Civic Infrastructure – Vision Period
Description 2013-17 2018-22 2023-27 2028-31
(Rs. Crore)
Capital Expenditure
Existing and new parks 6 6 6 6
Fire system 86 40 24 25
Lake redevelopment and afforestation of valleys
81 81 81 81 Development of Markets 100 150 100 100 Development of modern Abattoir 0 0 0 0
Total-CAPEX 273 277 211 212
Operation and Maintenance Expenses
Existing and new parks 2 4 5 6
Lake redevelopment 16 16 16 16
Fire system 17 8 5 5
Development of Markets 30 60 80 100 Development of modern Abattoir 6 7 7 7
Total-OPEX 71 95 113 134
Land acquisition 3 3 3 3
Existing and new parks 3 3 3 3
Total 348 374 327 349
4 Implementation Framework
The projects to be implemented in the area of Civic Infrastructure shall be developed by the respective agencies. As far as possible, the projects shall be structured on a PPP basis. In some cases, sponsorship by private agencies, such as
“Adopt a Lake/Park” scheme will also be adopted.