14. ANEXOS
13.3 Anexo 3: Formato de situación inicial y final
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GROUP 1
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Oc t ober 1 3 . The group was g i ven four o r a l
drenches o f a l be nd a z o l e ( 1 0 mg / k g ) a t t h r e e- week i n t e r v a l s f r o m Apr i l 2 1 .
Group 3 : n=8 ( a l l o c a t e d numbe r s 3 0 1 - 3 0 8 ) .
Th i s group was subd i v ided and m a n aged as for group 2 . Th i s group r e c e i v ed 2 . 0 kg n o n - m ed i c a ted nu t s d a i l y f r o m March 3 1 un t i l Oc tober 1 3 . 0 . 5 kg o f n o n - m ed i c a t ed nu t s were subs t i tu ted w i t h 0 . 5 kg o f med i c a ted nu t s ( 1 0 0 m g a l benda z o l e /deer /da y ) for t h r e e 1 0 -d a y per iods c o m m e nc i ng Apr i l 2 5 . There were 21 days be twe e n t h e e nd o f o n e t r e a t m e n t and t h e commencem e n t o f t h e n e x t .
For groups 2 a nd 3 , t h e n u t s were fed on t h e ground wi th a s m a l l qu a n t i ty ( 1 0 0 g /h e ad ) o f g ood qua l i t y me adow hay . A " no drench " c o n t r o l group was n o t pos s i b l e
because o f t h e commer c i a l i m p l i c a t i o ns o f t h e r i s k o f c l i n i c a l par a s i t i s m a n d t h e v a l u e o f t h e s to c k i nv o l v ed . 2 . 3 . 4 Managem e n t .
From Mar c h 2 8 group 1 was r o t a t i o n a l l y g r a z ed a h e ad o f t h e adu l t s t o c k on t h e un i t , t h er eby r e ce i v i ng t h e
be s t pas t u r e a v a i l abl e ad l i b . P a s ture qu a l i ty was good
and the r e s idu a l dry m a t ter n e v er f e l l be l ow an es t i m a t ed 1 2 0 0 k g DM / h a .
Groups 2 and 3 were c o n f i ned i n four ad j ac e n t c om pound s ( s ee f igure 2 . 2 ) . Eac h c o m pound con t a i ned a w a t e r supply and a c c e s s v i a a r a c e . Th e c o m pounds were o f t empor a r y c o n s truc t i on wi t h l m s he e p ne t t i n g and e i t h e r one o r t w o m a i n s -uni t e l e c t r i c t a pes a t t h e h e i g h t o f t h e top o f t h e n e t t i ng a n d 1 5 - 2 0 c m abo v e i t ( s ee f i gure 2 . 3 ) .
Before t h e commenc e m e n t o f a n t h e l m i n t i c t r e a t men t , g r ou ps 2 a nd 3 were fed n o n - m ed i c a t ed n u t s a t 0 . 5 kg /deer / day incr e a s i ng t o 2 k g /deer /day ( 1 . 7 k g DM ) by June 1 3 a s pa s ture a v a i l ab i l i ty d e c r e a s ed . I t i s e s t i m a t ed t h a t t h e m i n i mum pas t u r e D M a v a i l ab l e wa s 0 . 3 kg / h e ad /day . Thus deer r e c e i ved a c a l c u l a ted m i n i mum o f 2 . 1 k g DM /head /day o f d i g es t i b l e f e eds t u f f t h roughou t t h e course o f t h e s t udy . Nu t r a t i o n s were s to pped o n Oc tober 1 3 .
E x pe r i m e n t a l g r o u ps 2 and 3 : De er we r e fed deer nu t s a nd s e t - s t o c k ed i n t empor ary c o m pounds c o n s truc t ed o f s h e e p ne t t i ng and o n e or two e l e c t r i f i ed t apes .
To a l low a s e s s m e n t o f co nsump t i o n w h e n medi c a ted nu t s were g i v e n , both groups 2 a nd 3 r e c e i ved 0 . 5 kg /de er o f nu t s ( medi c a ted or non- medi c a ted ) i n t h e mor n i ng and the b a l a n c e ( 1 . 5 k g /deer ) o f n o n - m ed i c a ted nu ts l a te in the a f ternoon .
I n m i d Oc tober the t h r e e groups wer e combined and r o t a t i on a l l y g r a z ed a r ou nd the who l e uni t u n t i l
ter m i n a t i on o f t h e t r i a l o n Nov ember 3 .
2 . 3 . 5 Obs e r v a t i o n s .
From March 2 4 a l l a n i m a l s were f a ec a l s a m p l ed per r e c tum a nd weighed a t we e k l y i n t er v a l s at a ppro x i ma te l y t h e s a me t i me o f d a y . Dur i ng t h e 1 0 -d a y med i c a ted nut f e e d i ng pe r i o d s t h e a n i m a l s in group 3 were f a ec a l s am p l ed a t 2 - 4 d a y i n t e r v a l s .
Four g r a m s o f f a e c e s f r o m e a c h s am p l e were pl aced i n a n i nd i v idu a l mod i f i ed Baermann appar a tus , a s de s c r i bed by Henr i c k s e n , ( 1 9 6 5 ) , on t h e day of co l l ec t i o n . Th e
e x t r a c t ed l ar v a e were iden t i f i ed and coun ted t h e
f o l l ow i ng m o r n ing a t l O O X m ag n i f i c a t i on wi t h a bi nocu l a r m i c r o s cope us i ng a Mc M a s t e r s l ide .
Two g r a m s o f f aeces f r o m e a c h s am p l e we re e x a m i n ed for g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l par a s i t e eggs on the day o f
co l l ec t i o n b y a mod i f i ed M c M a s t e r m e thod a s s t andard f o r the M a s s e y Un i v er s i t y par a s i t o logy l abor a t ory .
The e a t i n g behav i ou r o f groups 2 and 3 was observed pe r i od i c a l l y t hr ougho u t t h e t r i a l , par t i c u l a r l y when m ed i c a ted nu t s were s u pp l i ed .
2 . 3 . 6 An i m a l Hea l th .
A l l a n i m a l s r e c e i ved a s e n s i t i s i ng d o s e o f a
f i v e - i n - one c l o s t r id i a l v acc i ne , ( " Co v a x 5 " , IC I - Ta s m a n ) , a t weani ng , a nd a boo s ter d o s e s i x weeks l a t er . Al l
a n i m a l s were g i v e n s e l en i u m ( 5 mg ) s ubcu t a neous l y pr ior t o t h e s tudy .
On e a n i m a l ( 3 0 6 ) d e v e l o ped d i a r r h o e a o f undi agno s ed c a u s e on May 6 wh i c h was t r e a ted wi th s y s t e m i c and o r a l
a n t i b i o t i c s , gu t pr o t e c t i v es a nd a n a n t h e l m i n t i c . Rec o v e r y was une v e n t fu l . A l l a n i m a l s were v a c c i n a ted aga i n s t S a l m o n e l l o s i s ( " S a l v a x i n " Wel l c o m e Ltd . ) at t h a t t i m e a s a pr e c au t i o n .
A s e c ond deer ( 3 0 3 ) d e v e l o ped a cough and r e s p i r a tory d i s t r e s s when y a rded on May 2 6 . It w a s given a t h r e e
d a y course o f a n o xy t e t r acyc l i ne-br o m h e x i n e H C L m i x t u r e ( " Bi s o l v omyc i n Ve t " , Boehr i nger Ing e l h e i m Lt d . ) .
Recov ery was une v e n t fu l .
Dur i ng t h e cour s e o f t h e s tudy s ome a n i m a l s e x h i b i ted a m i l d c ough or loose f a e c e s . Th e s e occurrences were
no t t r e a t ed and did no t per s i s t .
On J u l y 7 s i x a n i m a l s s e l e c ted a t r andom f r o m b o t h gr oups 1 a nd 3 w e r e b l ood - s a m p l ed by j ug u l a r punc ture i n t o e v a c u a ted p l a i n tubes a nd s erum a n a l y sed for copper c o n ce n tr a t i o n . On t h e b a s i s o f h i gh bl ood co pper
conc e n t r a t i o ns s o d i u m mo l ybd a t e ( 5 0 mg /de er /day ) and s od i u m s u l ph a t e ( 1 0 0 0 mg /deer /da y ) wa s added to t h e f e eds t u f f t o prev e n t t o x i c i t y prob l e m s wh i c h a r e k nown to occur i n s h e ep under s i m i l a r f e e d i ng s s y s tems .
On Nov ember 1 a l mos t a t t h e conc lus i o n o f t h e tr i a l number 3 0 1 d i ed s udde n l y o f y e r s i n i o s i s .
2 . 4 S t a t i s t i c a l An a l y s i s .
For a n a l y s i s t h e l a r v a l and egg coun t and l i vewe i g h t d a t a was subd i v ided i n to " pr e - " , "dur i ng " and " po s t - " t r e a t m e n t per i od s f o r e a c h group ( s e e f igure 2 . 1 ) .
An a l y s e s per f or m ed a r e s umma r i z ed i n t a b l e 2 . 1 . 2 . 4 . 1 La r v a l and Egg Coun t s .
A l l l ar v a l a nd egg cou n t s were t r a n s f o r m ed for
a n a l y s i s t o l o g 1 0 a f t e r t h e addi t i o n o f 1 0 - S to o v e rcome t h e prob l e m o f z e r o coun t s . Log t r an s f o r m a t i o n was
c a r r i ed ou t to n o r m a l i s e the d a t a . The m e a n l og d a i l y egg and l ar v a l cou n t s f o r t h e " pr e - " , "dur i ng " and " po s t t r e a t m e n t " per i ods were c a l cu l a ted f o r e a c h a n i m a l .
Tab l e 2 . 1
Su m m a r y Of S t a t i s t i c a l An a l y s e s Per f o r m ed On Lar v a l And Egg Coun t s And Liveweigh t s .
Co mpar i s on
1 ) W i t h i n Tr i a l Per i ods
*
( P r e - , Dur i ng , and Pos t -Tr e a t m e n t ) . Med i c a ted Nu t Tr e a t m e n t :
*
P l o t 1 v ' s P l o t 2 Non - med i c a ted n u t + Or a l Dr enc h :
* P l o t 1 v ' s P l o t 2 Gr oup 1 ( r o t a t i on a l l y g r a zed ) v ' s Gr oup 2 ( se t - s t ocked ) . Gr oup 2 ( or a l a n t h e l m i n t i c ) v ' s Gr oup 3 ( med i c a t ed nu t s ) . Tes t for " pl o t e f f e c t " . 2 ) Be tween Tr i a l P e r i ods
P r e - v ' s Dur i ng v ' s Pos t - t r e a t m en t : Group
P r e - v ' s Dur i ng v ' s Pos t- t r e a t m e n t : Gr oup
P r e - V ' S Dur i ng v ' s Pos t - t r e a t m en t : Gr oup
+A n a l y s i s o f v a r i a nc e . Tes t Used S t uden t ' s t S t ude n t ' s t S tude n t ' s t Student ' s t 1 Anovar + 2 An o v a r + 3 Anov ar +
b y t h e number o f days b e tween t h e • s a m p l i ngs t o g i v e da i l y