ANEXOS

3-125. If adequate HN security forces are not available, units should consider hiring and training local paramilitary forces to secure the cleared village or neighborhood. Not only do the members of the paramilitary have a stake in their area’s security, they also receive a wage. Providing jobs stimulates the economy. Having a job improves morale and allows locals to become a potential member of the local governmental process.

3-126. Contact with the population should be continuous, and both planned and unplanned. Being based within the population forces information engagement and provides opportunities for contact with the population. From the first day, Soldier’s actions in these areas, if culturally astute, can build bonds with the local populace and in many cases change the attitudes of the people. Ultimately, the goal of this contact

is twofold: to gain a better picture of the actual situation and to turn the population’s support toward the government.

3-127. Another consideration is to secure key physical infrastructure. Because resources are always limited, parts of the infrastructure vital for stability and vulnerable to attack must receive the priority of protection. This can be accomplished by analyzing the risk and likelihood of attack on various sites in the AO. (Chapter 7 discusses one technique for this.)

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E

3-128. Although the hold phase emphasizes defensive actions, operations across all LOEs must be employed. Examples of complimentary actions along multiple LOEs include—

Establish Civil Security

3-129. Continuously secure the people and separate them from the insurgents. Establish a firm government presence and control over the area and populace by recruiting, organizing, arming, and training local paramilitary forces and integrate them into operations against the insurgents. Continue to conduct raids on insurgent leaders or members of the underground.

Establish Civil Control

3-130. Train and support police force to combat crime and enforce curfews to curtail insurgent movement.

Support HN Security Forces

3-131. Conduct combined patrols, checkpoints, cordon and searches, and raids with HN security forces. Support to Governance

3-132. Establish or reestablish a government political apparatus to replace the insurgent apparatus. Restore Essential Services

3-133. Establish contracts, empower or finance local governments to initiate SWEAT-MSO repairs. Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development

3-134. Conduct local improvements designed to convince the populace to support the Host Nation government, participate in securing their area, and contribute to the reconstruction effort.

Conduct Information Engagement

3-135. Information engagements should affirm that security forces supporting the Host Nation government are in the area for the long term and are securing the population from insurgent intimidation, coercion, and reprisals.

BUILD

3-136. The build phase of clear-hold-build operations consists of carrying out programs designed to remove the root causes that led to the insurgency, improve the lives of the inhabitants, and strengthen the Host Nation’s ability to provide effective governance. Stability operations predominate in this phase, with many important activities being conducted by nonmilitary agencies. During this phase, the Host Nation security forces should have primary responsibility for security. Progress in building support for the Host Nation government requires protecting the local populace. People who do not believe they are secure from insurgent intimidation, coercion, and reprisals will not risk overtly supporting counterinsurgent efforts.

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P

3-137. To secure the populace, security forces should continuously conduct patrols and use measured force against insurgent targets of opportunity. Just like in the hold phase, if the HN security forces are inadequate, units should consider hiring a paramilitary force to secure the village or neighborhood. Contact with the people is critical to the local counterinsurgency effort’s success. Actions to eliminate the remaining covert insurgent support infrastructure, such as the underground, auxiliary, and mass base, must be continued, because any insurgent presence will continue to threaten and influence people.

E

S

3-138. During the build phase, Host Nation government representatives reestablish government offices and normal administrative procedures. National and international development agencies rebuild infrastructure and key facilities. Local leaders are developed and given authority. Life for the area’s inhabitants begins the return to normal.

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E

3-139. Although the build phase continues to secure the population and separate them from the insurgents, the focus will shift to the other LOEs. Examples of complimentary actions along multiple LOEs include—

Establish Civil Security

3-140. Conduct targeted raids on insurgent leaders and the underground, led by HN security forces. Provide a US Quick Reaction Force (QRF) to HN security forces.

Establish Civil Control

3-141. Continue to patrol the area and control the population while improving HN police training and equipment. Police forces may continue to expand their role.

Support HN Security Forces

3-142. Increase the number of patrols by HN security forces; US forces begin reducing their roles. Support to Governance

3-143. Continue to support and enhance the local government. Restore Essential Services

3-144. Continue projects to restore SWEAT-MSO services such as building roads, digging wells, building schools and establishing emergency services.

Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development

3-145. Continue to stimulate the local economy through projects such as market repairs. Conduct Information Engagement

3-146. Information engagements should affirm that security forces supporting the Host Nation government are in the area for the long term and are eliminating insurgent leaders, organizations and infrastructure and improving essential services.