MARCO TEÓRICO
1.1. Antecedentes investigativos
This study was conducted in parkland used by villagers and reality is seldom simple. Despite this fact, the results were significant and trees proven to have a visible effect in parklands. Nevertheless a lot of variables were investigated. If the design had been simpler and had less that influenced the measurement the results might have been clearer.
One way of changing the design could have been to place the double-ring infiltrometer in three replicates with the same distance from the tree, for examples at the crown edge. More replicates could maybe have lowered the variance and given significant difference that do not shows here. However it would only have given a mean for how the crown edge affects the soil properties, not a mean value for the entire tree. The rings could also have been placed with the same distance from each other to ease the comparison. But if the rings would been placed on a certain distance from trunk, it could have resulted in that all measurements would have fallen under a wide crown meanwhile all, or most of the measurements would have fallen outside a narrow crown. If the midpoint always would have been placed under the crown edge, some rings would have fallen on opposite side of the tree in cases of narrow crowns and for wide crowns, the ring closest to the steam would still be far away and impact from tree and termite maybe smaller.
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However the current design gives all rings close to tree slightly different condition and even if the groups from under trees with and without termites give an estimation of the mean impact trees and termite have, the actual effect may differ. A more accurate estimation of difference might be given from spatial statistics. Another aspect of the current design is that influence from termites might be more restricted in area than the general influence from trees. A comparison of the rings closest to termite mounds separated might have given significantly differences compared to those from trees without termites
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5 Conclusions
The results showed significant differences with increased distance from trees for infiltration, bulk density, carbon content (at 0-10 cm depth) and macro-porosity (at 30-35 cm depth). Steady-state infiltrability was, as expected in the hypothesis, higher close to trees. However there were no significantly differences between trees with and without termites. Steady-state infiltrability increased with decreased bulk density. Steady-state infiltrability, carbon content and macro-porosity had high variance near trees with termites.
Keeping trees can thus contribute to improved soil structure, increased infiltration, decreased surface runoff and may be importance for groundwater recharge. The influence decreased as the distance from trees and termites increased. In small openings there was no significant decrease in steady-state infiltrability, carbon content or macro porosity with increased distance from trees. Bulk density though, increased with increased distance from trees in small openings.
Carbon content was higher in small openings which can raise the interest of keeping an adequate amount of trees in parklands to meet future requirement of carbon sequestration. These soil improvements add to other positive effect for trees e.g. products such as timber, fodder and fruits but can also lowering crop harvest.
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Acknowledgement
This Graduate thesis was carried out within the framework of the Minor Field Studies (MFS) Scholarship Programme, which is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida).
Thanks to my supervisors Anders Malmer, Ulrik Ilstedt and associated supervisor Aida Bargués Tobella for all their help and support during this entire process. Thanks also to Sören Holm and Magnus Ekström for help with statistics.
A great thanks to all people at INERA and Buna Sol whose help and support was of great importance during my stay in Burkina Faso. A special thanks to Hugues Baize and the field workers in Saponé.
To Aida and Elsa, thanks for all your support and help, and for all the joy. It wouldn’t have been the same without you!
Finally to all people in Burkina Faso that help me along the way in so many different ways and made my stay in the country unforgettable.
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