Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– Himalayas to S China and Taiwan, north to Isl.
Yakushima.
Habitat.– On humus-rich floor of dense evergreen forest, higher than 1,800 m alt.
Arachniodes assamica (Kuhn) Ohwi Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– N India, Myanmar, SW China, N Vietnam, Japan.
Habitat.– In lower montane forest along streamlets, 2,200 m alt.
Arachniodes cavalerii (Christ) Ohwi Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– NE: Loei.
Distribution.– S China, N.Vietnam and southern edge of Japan.
Habitat.– In evergreen forest, at high altitude.
Arachniodes chinensis (Rosenst.) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Rai; NE: Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution.– S & SW China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in evergreen forest, at medium or high altitudes.
Arachniodes henryi (Christ) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang.
Distribution.– SW China, Upper Myanmar, N Vietnam.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes usually in dense evergreen forest, 800-1,400 m alt.
Arachniodes speciosa (D. Don) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution.– Himalaya to SW China and Vietnam.
Habitat.– On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed or evergreen forests, at medium altitudes.
Arachniodes spectabilis (Ching) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE:
Chanthaburi.
Distribution.– E Himalayas and Yunnan.
Habitat.– On rather dry or humus-rich mountain slopes in mixed or evergreen forests, 300-1,500 m alt.
Arachniodes subreflexipinna (Ogata) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Phitsanulok.
Distribution.– Taiwan.
Habitat.– Unknown in Thailand.
Bolbitis angustipinna (Hayata) H. Ito Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Lampang, Tak; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima.
Distribution.– Himalayas to Sri Lanka, eastwards to Taiwan and Luzon.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, 500-1,100 m alt.
Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats.
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– All over the country.
Distribution.– S China, India to SE Asia generally, Malesia, northwards to Taiwan and the Ryukyus
Habitat.– On muddy rocks near streams or in streambeds in dense forests or in light shade, usually below 1,200 m alt.
Bolbitis copelandii Ching ex C. Chr. & Tardieu Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Lampang; NE: Loei; E: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Buri Ram, Ubon Ratchathani; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Prachin Buri, Rayong.
Distribution.– Indochina.
Habitat.– On rather dry to moist mountain slopes or muddy
rocks in dense evergreen forest usually up to 600 m alt.
Bolbitis costata (C. Presl) Ching ex C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Lampang.
Distribution.– Himalayas.
Habitat.– On rather dry slopes in mountain forests, 600-1,000 m alt.
Bolbitis deltigera (Bedd.) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok; SW: Phetchaburi;
C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chachoengsao.
Distribution.– N India.
Habitat.– On moist rocks or humus-rich ground in dense forests, seasonally dry, 600 m alt.
Bolbitis heteroclita (C. Presl) Ching ex C. Chr.
กูดหางคาง
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE: Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Distribution.– N India, Upper Myanmar, S and SW China, Taiwan, Ryukyu, Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea.
Habitat.– On wet ground or muddy moist rocks usually near streams in dense forests, at low or medium altitudes.
Bolbitis hookeriana K. Iwats.
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Tak;
SW: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi.
Distribution.– N India, Indochina.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at medium altitude.
Bolbitis scalpturata (Fée) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SE: Trat; P: Surat Thani.
Distribution.– Myanmar, Indo-China, Malesia.
Habitat.– On rocks in dense forests, 200-800 m alt.
Bolbitis sinensis (Baker) K. Iwats.
กูดบง
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic or epiphytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Phetchabun, Loei; SE: Chanthaburi.
Distribution.– N India, Myanmar, SW China, Vietnam.
Habitat.– Usually on humus-rich slopes in dense mountain forests, sometimes on muddy rocks or even on base of tree-trunks, fairly common at high altitude, 500-1,800 m alt.
Bolbitis sinuata (C. Presl) Hennipman Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Yala.
Distribution.– Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, eastwards to the Philippines.
Habitat.– On wet mossy rocks by streams in dense evergreen forest, at low altitude.
Bolbitis tonkinensis (C. Chr. ex Ching) K. Iwats.
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Rai.
Distribution.– N Vietnam, Cambodia.
Habitat.– Collected, 550-950 m alt.
Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Schott var. virens
กูดงอง
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Phrae, Tak; NE: Loei;
SW: Phetchaburi; SW: Kanchanaburi; SE: Chanthaburi;
P: Surat Thani.
Distribution.– Yunnan, Bangladesh, Myanmar.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes often near streams in dense mountain forests, 800-1,200 m alt.
Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) var. compacta Hennipman
กูดงองใบกวาง
Habit.– Terrestrial or lithophytic fern.
Region.– SE: Chanthaburi; P: Phangnga, Trang.
Distribution.– Peninsular Malaysia, S Vietnam.
Habitat.– Moist ground by streams in dense evergreen forest, under 300 m alt.
Ctenitis dumrongii Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Distribution.– Endemic.
Habitat.– On moist banks of streamlets in dense evergreen forest, at medium altitudes.
Ctenitis subobscura (Christ) Holttum Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– SW: Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Yala.
Distribution.– NE India and Malesia.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at medium altitudes.
Ctenitis vilis (Kunze) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– P: Ranong, Satun, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution.– Malesia.
Habitat.– By large streams, at sea level.
Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– E: Chaiyaphum.
Distribution.– Japan, S Korea, SE China, Indochina.
Habitat.– On sandstone in shady river border in forest, 600 m alt.
Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm.
กูดขาบ
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SE: Chanthaburi;
P: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Phangnga, Yala.
Distribution.– Pantropical.
Habitat.– On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at medium or high altitudes.
Dryopteris cochleata (D. Don) C. Chr.
วามีหลาเดาะ
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Tak; NE: Loei.
Distribution.– Himalayas, Myanmar, S China, Philippines, E Java.
Habitat.– Fairly common, especially in mixed forests, on clayey or rather dry slopes, at low to medium altitudes, Dryopteris diffracta (Baker) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Phitsanulok.
Distribution.– China, Indochina, Taiwan.
Habitat.– Hill evergreen forest, in deep leaf litter on sandstone bedrock, 1,500-1,600 m alt.
Dryopteris gymnophylla (Baker) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei, Khon Kaen.
Distribution.– C China, Japan.
Habitat.– In open evergreen or mixed forests, 100-1,200 m alt.
Dryopteris hasseltii (Blume) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– NE: Loei; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution.– NE India, N Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Ryukyus, Malesia, New Guinea.
Habitat.– In hill evergreen forest along streamlets, ca 850-1,350 m alt.
Dryopteris hendersonii (Bedd.) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– N India, SW China, Taiwan, northwards to the southern edge of Japan.
Habitat.– On moist ground by streams in dense forests, ca 2,500 m alt.
Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume) Kuntze Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; NE: Phetchabun, Loei.
Distribution.– Sri Lanka, S India, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines.
Habitat.– On humus-rich mountain slopes in light or deep shade, 1,200-1,600 m alt.
Dryopteris integriloba C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Tak, Phitsanulok; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Chanthaburi; P: Trang.
Distribution.– S China, N Vietnam.
Habitat.– On rather dry ground along streams in light shade, ca 800-2,000 m alt.
Dryopteris neoassamensis Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; E: Chaiyaphum; NE: Loei; C:
Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution.– China.
Habitat.– On rather dry mountain slopes in mixed or evergreen forests, 1,000-1,300 m alt.
Dryopteris neochrysocoma Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Uttaradit.
Distribution.– China and E Himalaya.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at high altitudes.
Dryopteris polita Rosenst.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Tak; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok;
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat; Ranong.
Distribution.– Indochina, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Taiwan, and northwards to southern edge of Japan.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in not very dense mountain forests, 100-1,500 m alt.
Dryopteris porosa Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Phitsanulok.
Distribution.– China.
Habitat.– On humus-rich floor of dense evergreen forest, ca 1,600 m alt.
Dryopteris pseudosparsa Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– China.
Habitat.– On moist mountain slopes in dense mixed forests, ca 1,000 m alt.
Dryopteris rheophila Mitsuta ex Darnaedi, M. Kato & K. Iwats.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– NE: Loei.
Distribution.– Endemic.
Habitat.– On sandstone boulders in streamlet, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Dryopteris scottii (Bedd.) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.
Distribution.– N India to Upper Myanmar, SW China, N Vietnam and Taiwan.
Habitat.– On wet ground by streams in dense evergreen forest, ca 1,600 m alt.
Dryopteris sparsa (D. Don) Kuntze Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei;
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution.– India, China, Indochina, Malesia to Polynesia, Taiwan and north to S Japan.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense forests or in light shade, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Dryopteris subtriangularis (C. Hope) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution.– NE India, S China, N Vietnam.
Habitat.– On rather dry sandy slopes in mountain forests, 1,000-1,200 m alt.
Elaphoglossum angulatum (Blume) T. Moore Habit.– Lithophytic fern.
Region.– P: Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution.– S India, Sri Lanka, N Vietnam, Taiwan, Malesia, New Guinea.
Habitat.– Only at high elevation on Khao Luang.
Elaphoglossum dumrongii Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Habit.– Lithophytic fern.
Region.– NE: Loei.
Distribution.– Endemic.
Habitat.– On moist cliffs by streams or mossy rocks in stream-beds in dense evergreen forest, ca 1,100-1,200 m alt.
Elaphoglossum malayense Holttum Habit.– Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; E: Nakhon Ratchasima;
SE: Chanthaburi; P: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Distribution.– Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.
Habitat.– Locally abundant on mossy tree-trunks or mossy rocks in dense evergreen forest, 1,000-1,500 m alt.
Elaphoglossum marginatum (Fée) T. Moore Habit.– Epiphytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei;
C: Nakhon Nayok.
Distribution.– N India, China, Indochina, Taiwan.
Habitat.– On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests, 1,200-2,200 m alt.
Elaphoglossum melanostictum (Blume) T. Moore Habit.– Epiphytic fern.
Region.– C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Yala.
Distribution.– W Malesia.
Habitat.– On mossy tree-trunks in dense forests, at low and medium altitudes.
Elaphoglossum stelligerum (Wall. ex Baker) T. Moore ex Alston & Bonner
Habit.– Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei.
Distribution.– N India, SW China, Laos, C Vietnam.
Habitat.– On muddy rocks or mossy tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, above 1,000 m alt.
Elaphoglossum subellipticum Rosenst.
กูดปกไกดํา
Habit.– Epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region.– NE: Loei.
Distribution.– Taiwan, Sumatra.
Habitat.– On mossy rocks or tree-trunks in dense evergreen forest, at l,000-l,400 m alt.
Elaphoglossum yoshinagae (Yatabe) Makino Habit.– Epiphytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Lampang; NE: Loei; SE: Prachin Buri.
Distribution.– S China, Laos, Taiwan, Ryukyus and northwards to W. Japan.
Habitat.– On mossy tree-trunks in moist dense forests on ridges at high altitudes.
Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn Habit.– Lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; SW:
Kanchanaburi.
Distribution.– Africa, Cape Verde Islands, Mauritius, Arabia, N India, N Vietnam, S & C China, Taiwan, Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, Pacific Islands, Japan.
Habitat.– In crevices of rather moist limestone cliffs in mixed forests, at medium to high altitudes.
Hypodematium glanduloso-pilosum (Tagawa) Ohwi Habit.– Lithophytic fern.
Region.– NE: Loei; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; P: Ranong.
Distribution.– Japan, China.
Habitat.– On rocks in shade in deciduous or mixed forests, ca 400 m alt.
Leucostegia immersa (Wall. ex Hook.) C. Presl
กูดหมัก
Habit.– Terrestrial, epiphytic or lithophytic fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Tak, Phitsanulok; NE: Loei; SW: Kanchanaburi; P: Surat Thani.
Distribution.– S India, E Himalayas, SW China, Myanmar, Indochina, W Malesia to the Philippines, north to Taiwan.
Habitat.– On mountain-slopes or in muddy crevices of rocks, or rarely on mossy tree-trunks, usually in dense evergreen forest, 1,100-1,800 m alt.
Lomagramma sorbifolia (Willd.) Ching Habit.– Climbing fern.
Region.– N: Phrae.
Distribution.– NE India, Myanmar, S China, Vietnam.
Habitat.– Climbing, 620-880 m alt.
Peranema aspidioides (Blume) Mett.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW:
Prachuap Khiri Khan; C: Nakhon Nayok; SE:
Chanthaburi; P: Chumphon, Ranong, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution.– Sri Lanka, N India, S China, Indochina , Malesia.
Habitat.– On humus-rich floor of dense forests, at medium or high altitudes.
Polystichum attenuatum Tagawa & K. Iwats.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; NE: Loei; SW: Phetchaburi; SE:
Chanthaburi.
Distribution.– N India, S China.
Habitat.– On humus-rich mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, 1,200-1,800 m alt.
Polystichum biaristatum (Blume) T. Moore Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NE: Loei; SW:
Kanchanaburi; SE: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi; P:
Ranong.
Distribution.– Sri Lanka, N India, S China, Taiwan, Java.
Habitat.– On humus-rich floor of dense evergreen forest, 900-1,400 m alt.
Polystichum eximium (Kuhn) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NE: Loei.
Distribution.– Tropical Asia from Sri Lanka northwards to southern edge of Japan.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, 700-1,200 m alt.
Polystichum hookerianum (C. Presl) C. Chr.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– Nepal, NE India, China, Myanmar, N Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan.
Habitat.– Locally rare on rocks and humus-rich soil by a small stream in dense lower montane forest, 1,900-2,000 m altitude.
Polystichum lindsaeifolium Scort. ex Ridl.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai; SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution.– Central W Malaysia.
Habitat.– In muddy crevices or moist surface of limestone cliffs in dense evergreen forest, 200-1,800 m alt.
Polystichum pseudotsus-simense Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– SW: Kanchanaburi.
Distribution.– Myanmar, India.
Habitat.– Not recorded.
Polystichum scariosum (Roxb.) C.V. Morton Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– SW: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; P: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Yala.
Distribution.– Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Ambon.
Habitat.– On humus-rich floor of dense evergreen forest, at medium altitudes.
Polystichum semifertile (C.B. Clarke) Ching Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– SW China, Vietnam.
Habitat.– On humus-rich floor of dense, mossy evergreen forest, 1,800-2,500 m alt.
Polystichum tenggerense Rosenst.
Habit.– Terrestrial fern.
Region.– N: Chiang Mai.
Distribution.– Sumatra and Java.
Habitat.– Known only on Doi Inthanon, on humus-rich mountain slopes in dense mossy forest, ca 2,200 m alt.
Teratophyllum aculeatum (Blume) Mett. ex Kuhn
Habit.– Climbing fern.
Region.– SE: Chanthaburi, Trat; P: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.
Distribution.– Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra to the Philippines and New Guinea.
Habitat.– On mountain slopes in dense evergreen forest, at low or medium altitudes.
Teratophyllum ludens (Fée) Holttum Habit.– Climbing fern.
Region.– C: Nakhon Nayok; P: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Distribution.– Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Habitat.– Climbing trees in evergreen forest along streams, at low to medium altitudes.